Nurse Care and Comfort in the Puerperium of Girls/Women: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Purpose: Carrying out a scoping review to fill gaps in current knowledge regarding comfort needs in the care provided by nurses to girls/women who experience puerperium. Methods: The procedures guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be applied. The searches will be carried out in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Nursing Database, Scientific Electronic Library databases. Studies which are available in full and published in English, Spanish or Portuguese will be selected. There will be no restrictions to the study design or time frame. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations with the aid of software. The degree of agreement between the researchers will be verified by statistics that measure reliability. Through narrative descriptions, charts, and tables, we will present the results obtained. Data analysis will involve descriptive statistics, and qualitative evaluation. We will use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist to review and write this review. Conclusion: We will summarize the main information available in the literature on the subject, aiming to obtain an overview of the practices employed, and the gaps present in knowledge that require greater attention from the scientific community.

Flexible Bronchoscopy as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Method in Patients with Tracheobronchial Foreign Body

Objective: To analyze bronchoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic method in patients with tracheobronchial foreign body. Methods: We analyzed reports of flexible bronchoscopy with diagnose of tracheobronchial foreign body performed from 2003 to 2013 in S&#227o Salvador Hospital, in Goiania, capital of Goiás. The analysis was based on: sex and age of the patients, airways and foreign body characteristics, foreign body localization, success rate and rate of bleeding. We calculated the frequencies after analyzing the data. Results: We analyzed 26 reports of the studied period and found that 57.7% of the patients were male with median age of 58.83 years old (+—13.79). The airways characteristics were normal in most of the cases. Sputum wasn’t found in 57.69% of the cases. Foreign bodies were located in right bronchus in 88.46% of the cases, and the extraction of them was successful in 80.76% of the cases. The absence of bleeding was reported in 96.15% of the cases. Conclusions: Flexible bronchoscopy is a notably successful method in management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies. Airways characteristics aren’t good indicatives of FB’s presence, once they are normal in most of the times.

Ultrasound imaging of abdominal sarcoidosis: State of the art

Since it has been recognized that sarcoidosis(SA) is not an exclusive disorder of the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the liver and spleen, efforts have been made to define specific imaging criteria for the diagnosis of the single organ involvement, and the concept has been reinforced that the exclusion of alternative causes is important to achieve the correct diagnosis. Ultrasound(US)is a useful tool to evaluate patients with suspected abdominal SA, such as of the liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas and other organs, showing findings such as organomegaly, focal lesions and lymphadenopathy. While the diagnosis of abdominal SA is more predictable in the case of involvement of other organs(e.g.,lungs), the problem is more complex in the case of isolated abdominal SA. The recent use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound elastography has provided additional information about the enhancement patterns and tissue rigidity in abdominal SA. Here we critically review the role of US in abdominal SA, reporting typical findings and limitations of current evidence and by discussing future perspectives of study.

极简鞋能否模拟赤脚跑的跟趾模式?下肢动力学比较（英文）

背景:近年来有大量研究描述鞋类(或赤脚)与运动学和动力学结果间的相互作用。但最近的研究结果表明,这种假定的相互作用主要依赖于受试者赤脚走(或跑)的经验,偏好的跑步模式、跑速、地面硬度、鞋底夹层材料厚度及跑步者的能力水平。本研究旨在调查赤脚跑和穿极简鞋跑的下肢运动学,以评价两种情况下赤脚运动学的可比性。为系统比较两种情况,我们在设置测量时监测了上述影响变量。我们的研究假设是,与赤脚跑相比,穿极简鞋跑时的下肢运动学不会改变。方法:37名未受伤且活动积极的受试者,首先赤脚在EVA塑胶跑道上跑,然后穿Nike Free 3.0跑鞋在塔坦室内塑胶跑道上跑。测量下肢三维运动学结果,定量分析脚跟和脚踝的移动。两种跑步情况下均用到皮肤标记。结果:所有受试者赤脚跑时都是脚跟着地模式。赤脚和穿极简鞋跑的区别主要出现在着地初期,矢状面和额状面均有差异。与穿极简鞋相比,赤脚跑触地时脚位更平、踝关节跖屈程度较大,脚跟内翻程度较小。结论:赤脚跑无法使触地模式自动改变为前脚掌着地,尤其是系统地排除了地面及其他影响因素之后。Nike Free 3.0跑鞋能模仿赤脚跑的部分特征,但其未来设计应进一步完善,从而更高程度地模仿赤脚跑的运动特征。

Advances in cellular technology in the hematology field: What have we learned so far?

Despite the advances in the hematology field, blood transfusion-related iatrogenesis is still a major issue to be considered during such procedures due to blood antigenic incompatibility. This places pluripotent stem cells as a possible ally in the production of more suitable blood products. The present review article aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the state-of-theart concerning the differentiation of both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to hematopoietic cell lines. Here, we review the most recently published protocols to achieve the production of blood cells for future application in hemotherapy, cancer therapy and basic research.

Unraveling oral psoriasis and its relationship with geographic tongue: A literature review

Differentiating between oral psoriasis and geographic tongue is difficult and controversial because some patients with geographic tongue do not necessarily have psoriasis. Furthermore, the number of clinical studies, reporting histopathological and genetic evidence for the definitive diagnosis of oral psoriasis, is limited. The aim of this literature review was to obtain data for supporting the diagnosis of oral psoriasis with particular emphasis on the relationship between psoriasis and geographic tongue. Based on the current data, it can be concluded that geographic tongue is the most common oral lesion in psoriasis, and histopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic similarities have been observed between the two diseases. This review also emphasizes the importance of conducting oral examinations in patients with psoriasis and skin examinations in patients with geographic tongue.

Hospital Admissions and Mortality in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease in Brazil: An Analysis from 2008 to 2018

Introduction: The Rheumatic Fever (RF) is a systemic inflammatory disease, caused by Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, predominating in children and adolescents. The clinical manifestations are varied and included in Jones Criteria for diagnosis. The cardiac manifestations are the most relevant, causing severe sequelae such as valvulitis. The RF is still a major public health problem in developing countries despite its primary prophylaxis being simple and effective if well applied. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the number of hospital admissions and deaths in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative, documentary study with database provided by the Health Informatics Department of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (DATASUS). Results: In the studied period, a higher prevalence was observed among females (48,232 hospitalizations) and in the adult age group (59,270 hospitalizations and 3972 deaths). The total number of hospitalizations was 83,209 and the total number of deaths was 6572. The total mortality rate was 7.84. The region with the highest number of hospitalizations was the Southeast (22,863 hospitalizations). The total amount spent in hospitalizations was R$879,676,458.63, with an average value per hospitalization of R$ 10,496.21. The average length of stay was 12.7 days. Conclusion: Rheumatic heart disease is an important cause of hospitalizations in Brazil. Measures of early diagnosis and adequate treatment should be strongly stimulated.

Pulmonary complications of portal hypertension:The overlooked decompensation

The systemic nature of cirrhosis and portal hypertension has long been recognized,and the amount of data characterizing the interplay between each system is becoming ever so complex.Lung involvement was among the first described associated entities in cirrhosis,with reports dating back to the late nineteenth century.However,it appears that throughout the years,interest in the pulmonary complications of portal hypertension has generally faded,especially in contrast to other decompensating events,as expertise in this field has primarily been concentrated in highly experienced tertiary care facilities and liver transplantation centers.Despite affecting up to 10%-15%of patients with advanced liver disease and having a proven prognostic impact,hepato-pulmonary syndrome,porto-pulmonary hypertension,and hepatic hydrothorax are frequently misdiagnosed,mistreated,or misinterpreted.This lack of precision might adversely impact patient care,referral to expert centers,and,ultimately,liver disease-related mortality and successful transplantation odds.The present minireview aims to increase awareness of the pulmonary complications of chronic liver disease by providing a brief overview of each of the three entities.The paper focuses on the essential theoretical aspects,addressing the most critical knowledge gaps on the one hand and,on the other hand,critically discussing one key issue for each complication.

Effects of Environmental Water Contamination in the Reproductive System of Mice

This study investigated the effects on the reproductive system of balb-c mice exposed to water collected from different sources near to a deactivated fertilizer waste depositary. Eighty male mice were separated in four groups: Group A (mineral water);Group B (water from the water treatment station);Group C (water from Cubatao city);Group D (water from the waste depositary region). They were exposed to water since they were weaned until they reached sexual maturity, then they were coupled with females in reproductive age and after this mating time they were sacrificed. The evaluated parameters were testicle weight, sperm analysis, pregnancy rate, sex ratio of the offspring and Sertoli cell count. The analysis of the water did not show presence of pollutants in the Group “A” and Group “C” water. Group “B” showed low level of cadmium, 3.58 ± 0.50 μg/L. Group “D” showed the presence of PAH’s and high levels of lead (221 ± 16 μg/L), cadmiun (12.6 ± 1.2 μg/L) and mercury (5.3 ± 1.1 μg/L). The tests of Levene and Kolmogorov-Smirnov were employed to verify the homogeneity of the variances and the tack to the normal curve, respectively. ANOVA was used for parametric tests and Kruskall-Wallis was used for non-parametric tests, while Turkey tests were employed for multiple comparisons. There were no differences between groups in testicle weight, sperm analysis, pregnancy rate and Sertoli cell count. There was a significant reduction in sex-ratio of the offspring in Group B. This alteration cannot be explained by the cadmium levels in Group B water. In the present study we cannot associate the exposition to contaminated water from the waste depositary and reproductive alterations.

Alpha Defensins Genes and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis:A Study of Cases

Objective: To evaluate the alpha-defensin (α-DF) genes polymorphism in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and recurrence. Methods: This observational study included clinical vaginal secretion samples collected over four years from 88 women, ranging in age from 18 to 65 years, from medical centers of Sao Paulo and Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil. Thirty-six of these women were asymptomatic (control group) and 52 presented clinical condition compatible with vulvovaginitis (38 primary or episodic as non-recurrent forms, and 14 recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis). A portion of each sample was plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and grown on CHROMagar Candida for presumptive characterization. The identification of the species was obtained by sequencing of the ITS1 region of rDNA. α-DF genes were amplified for subsequent evaluation of polymorphisms by endonuclease restriction assay. Results: From 88 samples were isolated 60 Candida albicans and 28 non-albicans Candida spp. Resistant C. albicans strains and non-albicans Candida spp. were more prevalent in recurrence. In all groups, the number of resistant non-albicans Candida spp. was most high than susceptible strains. α-DF1, α-DF3 and α-DF1/α-DF3 genotypes were found in 32 (36.4%), 17 (19.3%), 6 (6.8%) vaginal samples, respectively. About 33 samples were not amplified. Recurrence and severe disease were more observed in homozygous population. Conclusions: Non-albicans Candida spp. and homozygotic α-DF genotipes (α-DF1 and α-DF3) were more related with severe clinical signs and recurrence. Further studies about vulvovaginal candidiasis and α-DF genes are necessary to access the more comprehensive role of defensins in clinical manifestations.