Research Progress on Individualized Treatment of Splenic Aneurysm

Splenic artery aneurysm has a hidden onset and atypical symptoms.There are various diagnostic methods for splenic aneurysms,among which ultrasound is the first choice for aneurysm screening.The diagnostic rate of CTA and DSA reaches 100%.In clinical practice,it is necessary to integrate medical history,symptoms and signs,and multiple imaging results to improve the diagnostic rate.In terms of treatment plans,both intervention and surgical procedures have their strengths,and the application of intervention will be more extensive.We need to adhere to the principle of individualization and choose a reasonable treatment plan for patients.At present,there are many reports on pregnant women with large splenic aneurysms both domestically and internationally.Some scholars believe that large splenic aneurysms may be related to hormonal imbalances during pregnancy,and the specific pathogenic mechanism will become a hot topic in future research.

Research Progress on Myocardial Protection Strategies

Myocaridial protection aims to salvage myocardium from ischemia and reperfusion injury and to reduce infarct size and its consequences.After more than 30 years of development,the concept of ischemic preconditioning has evolved into"ischemic conditioning",a term that encompasses a number of related endogenous cardioprotective strategies,which can be applied either directly to the heart(ischemic preconditioning or postconditioning)or from afar,for example to a limb(remote ischemic preconditioning,preconditioning,or postconditioning).A variety of cardioprotective therapies have shown promising results in reducing infarct size and improving clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Role of long noncoding RNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA regulatory network in hepatocellular carcinoma

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncodingRNAs (ncRNAs) that occupy over 90% of the human genome, and their mainfunction is to directly or indirectly regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) expressionand participate in the tumorigenesis and progression of malignances. Inparticular, some lncRNAs can interact with miRNAs as competing endogenousRNAs (ceRNAs) to modulate mRNA expression. Accordingly, these RNAmolecules are interrelated and coordinate to form a dynamic lncRNA-mediatedceRNA regulatory network. Mounting evidence has revealed that lncRNAs thatact as ceRNAs are closely related to tumorigenesis. To date, numerous studieshave established many different regulatory networks in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and perturbations in these ceRNA interactions may result in the initiationand progression of HCC. Herein, we emphasize recent advances concerning thebiological function of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in HCC, with the aim of elucidating themolecular mechanism underlying these HCC-related RNA molecules andproviding novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although recent advances in therapeutic approaches for treating HCC have improved the prognoses of patients with HCC, this cancer is still associated with a poor survival rate mainly due to late diagnosis. Therefore, a diagnosis must be made sufficiently early to perform curative and effective treatments. There is a need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of HCC because these mechanisms are critical for making early diagnoses and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, much progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. In particular, recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed numerous genetic alterations, including recurrently mutated genes and dysregulated signaling pathways in HCC. A better understanding of the genetic alterations in HCC could contribute to identifying potential driver mutations and discovering novel therapeutic targets in the future. In this article, we summarize the current advances in research on the genetic alterations, including genomic instability, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, somatic mutations and deregulated signaling pathways, implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC. We also attempt to elucidate some of the genetic mechanisms that contribute to making early diagnoses of and developing molecularly targeted therapies for HCC.

Long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Potential roles and clinical implications

Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are a subgroup of non-coding RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length with little or no protein-coding potential. Emerging evidence indicates that lnc RNAs may play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis and progression of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Certain lnc RNAs may be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for HCC, a serious malignancy with increasing morbidity and high mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, elucidating the functional roles of lnc RNAs in tumors can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCC and may help in developing novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the recent progress regarding the functional roles of lnc RNAs in HCC and explore their clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets for HCC.

Lnc524369 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and predicts poor survival by activating YWHAZ-RAF1 signaling

BACKGROUND Liver cancer is one of the most highly malignant cancers,characterized by easy metastasis and chemoradiotherapy resistance.Emerging evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs(LncRNAs),including Lnc524369,are highly involved in the initiation,progression,radioresistance,and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the function of Lnc524369 remains unclear.AIM To explore the function of Lnc524369 in HCC.METHODS To investigate the effect of Lnc524369,tissue from 41 HCC patients were analyzed using CCK8,migration,and invasion assays.Lnc524369 and YWHAZ(also named 14-3-3ζ)mRNA were detected by qPCR,and YWHAZ and RAF1 proteins were detected by western blot in liver cancer cell lines and human HCC tissues.The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia(CCLE)databases,STRING database,Human Protein Atlas database,and the TCGA database were used for bioinformatic analysis.RESULTS Lnc524369 was significantly upregulated in the nucleus of liver cancer cells and human HCC tissues.Overexpression of Lnc524369 was associated with the proliferation,migration,and invasion of liver cancer cells.YWHAZ and RAF1 proteins and YWHAZ mRNA were overexpressed in liver cancer,which could be attenuated by overexpression of Lnc524369.Lnc524369 and its downstream target YWHAZ and RAF1 proteins were negatively associated with overall survival time.CONCLUSION Lnc524369 might be a promising target of HCC as it can enhance liver cancer progression and decrease the overall survival time of HCC by activating the YWHAZ/RAF1 pathway.