Environmental performance assessments of different methods of coal preparation for use in small-capacity boilers: experiment and theory

The purpose of this article is to receive environmental assessments of combustion of different types of coal fuel depending on the preparation(unscreened,size-graded,briquetted and heat-treated)in automated boilers and boilers with manual load-ing.The assessments were made on the basis of data obtained from experimental methods of coal preparation and calculated methods of determining the amount of pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions,as well as the mass of ash and slag waste.The main pollutants from coal combustion are calculated:particulate matter,benz(a)pyrene,nitrogen oxides,sulfur dioxide,carbon monoxide.Of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide is calculated.As a result of conducted research it is shown that the simplest preliminary preparation(size-graded)of coal significantly improves combustion efficiency and environmental performance:emissions are reduced by 13%for hard coal and up to 20%for brown coal.The introduction of automated boil-ers with heat-treated coal in small boiler facilities allows to reduce emissions and ash and slag waste by 2-3 times.The best environmental indicators correspond to heat-treated lignite,which is characterized by the absence of sulfur dioxide emissions.

Development of a methodology for assessing the adequacy of electric power systems

This study presents the results of a research into the developing a methodology for assessing the adequacy of advanced electric power systems characterized by the integration of various innovative technologies,which complicates their analysis.The methodology development is aimed at solving two main problems:(1)increase the adequacy of modeling the processes that occur in the electric power system and (2)enhance the computational efficiency of the adequacy assessment methodology.This study proposes a new mathematical model to minimize the power shortage and enhance the adequacy of modeling the processes.The model considers quadratic power transmission losses and network coefficients.The computational efficiency of the adequacy assessment methodology is enhanced using efficient random-number generators to form the calculated states of electric power systems and machine learning methods to assess power shortages and other reliability characteristics in the calculated states.

Corporate governance in generating companies of the Russian electric power industry in the context of ESG agenda

To address the issues of investment appeal in the Russian electric power industry,this study analyzes the dynamics of corporate governance,including permanent redistribution of property and compliance with the Russian Corporate Governance Code,in wholesale and territorial-generating companies.The increasing concentration of property in the hands of the state and its implications for investors are also noted.This study reveals the violations of essential principles,and the substantial differences in corporate governance practices,in the best-and worst-performing companies.Additional standards for better corporate governance practices to benefit the investors in the context of the current Environmental,Social,and corporate Governance(ESG)agenda are proposed.This study provides a new insight at the development of corporate governance in Russian power generating companies through property redistribution and compliance with corporate governance principles.

Development of electric power cooperation in Northeast Asia

The development of interstate electric ties ISETs and grids(ISGs) is a global process; recently, countries of Northeast Asia(NEA) that were previously very poorly connected have started to study the possibility of constructing ISETs and ISGs. This paper describes the current state of the interstate transmissions in the NEA region, considering the prospective projects of ISETs in NEA. The results of the system optimization study on prospective NEA ISGs are provided. The proposals on the development of electric power cooperation in NEA are formulated.

The evolution of interstate power grid formation

This study analyzes the process of electric power system integration in various regions worldwide.This process is implemented by creating both interstate electric ties and power grids.The analysis is comprehensive and examines the system,spatial,technical,organizational,and market aspects of the integration.Various countries,including developed countries such as Europe and North America,as well as economically developing countries such as Central America and Africa,are involved in this process.However,the rates and scales of electric power integration differ across various regions worldwide.The analysis shows that the process of electric power integration,which has decades of history,is still ongoing,despite the growth of other trends,such as the development of distributed generation.Further electricity integration is expected to lead to the formation of a global power interconnection in the long term.

Modeling and Utilization of Biomass-to-syngas for Industrial Multi-energy Systems

Excessive consumption of fossil fuels in the industry sector has caused hij»h operating costs and severe environmental pollution,advocating a cost-effective and sustainable substitute for fossil fuels.I'his paper proposes an enhanced utilization mechanism of biomass-to-syngas(B2S)to provide various types of steam flows in industrial multi-energy systems(MESs).In this mechanism,the available generations from renewable energy sources(RESs)can be harvested to assist in the biomass gasification in a B2S gasifier for enhancing the syngas yield and its calorific value.A thermodynamic interaction model for B2S is formulated to capture gasification temperature dynamics under high-temperature steam injections and optimally control the thermochemical behaviors of biomass drying,pyrolysis,and gasification.A B2S based energy hub framework with its multienergy coupling matrix is formulated for mapping the input hiomass-wind-solar energy into electricity,syngas,and various types of’steam carriers to satisfy industrial energy cieniands.A hierarchical multi-timeframe dispatch scheme is developed for the energy-efficient conversion and utilization of multi-energy carriers to minimize the system operation costs.Comparative studies are implemented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed methodology on system operational economy and sustainability.

Optimization Problem for the Integral Model of Developing Systems

This paper addresses an integral model of development a large electric power system using the example of the Unified Energy System of Russia.The model takes account of the age structure of the plants main equipment.Besides,generating equipment is divided into components depending on the types of energy resources used.The mathematical model is presented by a system of nonclassical Volterra integral equations of the first kind.One of the equations describes the balance between the total available capacity of the electric power system,commissioning of new equipment,and dismantling of obsolete one.The other equations define the shares of different types of power plants in the total composition of the electric power system equipment.Based on the considered model,we set a problem that searches the optimal lifetimes of electric power system capacities for a given demand for electricity.The optimality criterion is a functional reflecting cost of commissioning and operating the capacities.The specifics of the optimization problem are that the optimization parameter is in the lower limit of integration.An algorithm for solving of this optimal control problem numerically is developed.The influence of economic indices on the solution to the optimal control problem is studied.Calculations of the optimal development of the Unified Energy System of Russia until 2050 are carried out using real-life data.

Caspian Energy Ring: Prospective vision

This paper presents the results of a technical and economic optimization study of the prospects of the Caspian Energy Ring(CER),connecting power systems of Russia,countries of the Caucasus,Central Asia,and South Asia.The CER,belonging partly to the emerging Asian Supergrid and partly to the existing European Supergrid,will become a bridge connecting these supergrids,laying the foundation for forming a global energy interconnection in the long term.The expansion of carbon-free renewable and nuclear facilities,low-carbon gas-fired power plants,and traditional thermal and hydro energy sources within the CER were considered in this study.The positive economic benefits of the creation of the CER are presented.Preliminary characteristics of the potential CER were also estimated.

Multi-microgrid Energy Management Systems: Architecture, Communication, and Scheduling Strategies

The increasing penetration of various distributed and renewable energy resources at the consumption premises,along with the advanced metering,control and communication technologies,promotes a transition on the structure of traditional distribution systems towards cyber-physical multi-microgrids(MMGs).The networked MMG system is an interconnected cluster of distributed generators,energy storage as well as controllable loads in a distribution system.And its operation complexity can be decomposed to decrease the burdens of communi-cation and control with a decentralized framework.Consequently,the multi-microgrid energy management system(MIVIGEIV1S)plays a significant role in improving energy efficiency,power quality and reliability of distribution systems,especially in enhancing system resiliency during contingencies.A comprehensive overview on typical functionalities and architectures of MMGEMS is illustrated.Then,the emerging communication technologies for information monitoring and interaction among MMG clusters are surveyed.Furthermore,various energy scheduling and control strategies of MMGs for interactive energy trading,multi-energy management,and resilient operations are thoroughly analyzed and investigated.Lastly,some challenges with great importance in the future research are presented.