我国微藻固定烟气CO_(2)潜力时空格局分析

微藻固定烟气CO_(2)技术是温室气体控制领域的国际前沿研究热点和高技术竞争焦点,对我国发展低碳经济和节能减排具有重要意义。为促进微藻固定烟气CO_(2)技术在全国范围内的推广使用,研究基于内蒙古鄂尔多斯螺旋藻产业园内CO_(2)固定速率实测数据,模拟得出光照强度、平均气温和日照时长等气象要素对微藻固定烟气CO_(2)潜力的相互作用模型,并将该模型应用至全国范围。通过地理空间显示、全局空间自相关、局部空间自相关等手段与方法,探索分析全国361个行政区划研究单元内微藻固定烟气CO_(2)潜力的时空分异特征及影响因素。结果表明:①从影响因素分析来看,光照强度对微藻固定烟气CO_(2)潜力的影响效果最大,平均气温其次,日照时长最弱。②从时空变化规律来看,全国不同行政区划研究单元微藻固定烟气CO_(2)潜力呈现“夏秋季潜力大、冬春季潜力小”的特点。③从空间分异规律和集聚特征来看,各地区分时段的微藻固定烟气CO_(2)潜力呈现出差异化分布的空间格局,在区域上呈现不同的变化趋势;空间集聚特征上,全国范围内微藻固定烟气CO_(2)潜力存在显著的集聚效应,呈现出“高-高集聚”和“低-低集聚”特征。研究对我国微藻固定烟气CO_(2)潜力的时空格局、影响因素进行了综合分析,对于该技术在全国的广泛推广具有一定的指导意义。

Two diversities meet in the rhizosphere:root specialized metabolites and microbiome

Plants serve as rich repositories of diverse chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites.These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes,including interactions with various microbes both beneficial and harmful.Considering microbes as bioreactors,the chemical diversity undergoes dynamic changes when root-derived specialized metabolites(RSMs)and microbes encounter each other in the rhizosphere.Recent advancements in sequencing techniques and molecular biology tools have not only accelerated the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of RSMs but also unveiled the significance of RSMs in plant-microbe interactions.In this review,we provide a comprehensive description of the effects of RSMs on microbe assembly in the rhizosphere and the influence of corresponding microbial changes on plant health,incorporating the most up-to-date information available.Additionally,we highlight open questions that remain for a deeper understanding of and harnessing the potential of RSM-microbe interactions to enhance plant adaptation to the environment.Finally,we propose a pipeline for investigating the intricate associations between root exometabolites and the rhizomicrobiome.

Genetic basis of geographical differentiation,breeding selection,domestication effects,and breeding application for TaJAZ1 in wheat

Common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.,2n=6x=42,AABBDD)is one of the most widely grown crops worldwide,providing about 20%of the daily calories and protein consumed by humans(Shiferaw et al.,2013).The world population is projected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050(https://www.un.org/en/desa/world-population-projectedreach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100);thus,to meet the challenges of global food and nutritional security,wheat yields must continue to be increased through breeding programs and improved agricultural techniques(Hunter et al.,2017).

Molecular regulation of tomato male reproductive development

The reproductive success of flowering plants,which directly affects crop yield,is sensitive to environmental changes.A thorough understanding of how crop reproductive development adapts to climate changes is vital for ensuring global food security.In addition to being a high-value vegetable crop,tomato is also a model plant used for research on plant reproductive development.Tomato crops are cultivated under highly diverse climatic conditions worldwide.Targeted crosses of hybrid varieties have resulted in increased yields and abiotic stress resistance;however,tomato reproduction,especially male reproductive development,is sensitive to temperature fluctuations,which can lead to aborted male gametophytes,with detrimental effects on fruit set.We herein review the cytological features as well as genetic and molecular pathways influencing tomato male reproductive organ development and responses to abiotic stress.We also compare the shared features among the associated regulatory mechanisms of tomato and other plants.Collectively,this review highlights the opportunities and challenges related to characterizing and exploiting genic male sterility in tomato hybrid breeding programs.

A practical guide to amplicon and metagenomic analysis of microbiome data

Advances in high-throughput sequencing(HTS)have fostered rapid developments in the field of microbiome research,and massive microbiome datasets are now being generated.However,the diversity of software tools and the complexity of analysis pipelines make it difficult to access this field.Here,we systematically summarize the advantages and limitations of microbiome methods.Then,we recommend specific pipelines for amplicon and metagenomic analyses,and describe commonly-used software and databases,to help researchers select the appropriate tools.Furthermore,we introduce statistical and visualization methods suitable for microbiome analysis,including alpha-and betadiversity,taxonomic composition,difference comparisons,correlation,networks,machine learning,evolution,source tracing,and common visualization styles to help researchers make informed choices.Finally,a stepby-step reproducible analysis guide is introduced.We hope this review will allow researchers to carry out data analysis more effectively and to quickly select the appropriate tools in order to efficiently mine the biological significance behind the data.

The root microbiome:Community assembly and its contributions to plant fitness

The root microbiome refers to the community of microbes living in association with a plant's roots,and includes mutualists,pathogens,and commensals.Here we focus on recent advances in the study of root commensal community which is the major research object of microbiomerelated researches.With the rapid development of new technologies,plant-commensal interactions can be explored with unprecedented breadth and depth.Both the soil environment and the host plant drive commensal community assembly.The bulk soil is the seed bank of potential commensals,and plants use root exudates and immune responses to build healthy microbial communities from the available microbes.The plant microbiome extends the functional system of plants by participating in a variety of processes,including nutrient absorption,growth promotion,and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.Plants and their microbiomes have evolved adaptation strategies over time.However,there is still a huge gap in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of plant-commensal interactions.In this review,we summarize recent research on the assembly of root microbial communities and the effects of these communities on plant growth and development,and look at the prospects for promoting sustainable agricultural development through the study of the root microbiome.

EVenn:Easy to create repeatable and editable Venn diagrams and Venn networks online

Effective visualization of features generated in next-generation sequencing or other experimental assays is of great interest.These features include operational taxonomy units(OTUs)in microbiome analysis(Zhang et al.,2019),genes,single nucleotide variants,and gene ontology information in transcriptome,genome,and epigenome analysis(Liu et al.,2018),ingredients in traditional Chinese formulas(Li et al.,2020).

Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses uncover the molecular basis of high nitrogen-use efficiency in the wheat cultivar Kenong 9204

Studying the regulatory mechanisms that drive nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE)in crops is important for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.In this study,we generated a high-quality genome assembly for the high-NUE wheat cultivar Kenong 9204 and systematically analyzed genes related to nitrogen uptake and metabolism.By comparative analyses,we found that the high-affinity nitrate transporter gene family had expanded in Triticeae.Further studies showed that subsequent functional differentiation endowed the expanded family members with saline inducibility,providing a genetic basis for improving the adaptability of wheat to nitrogen deficiency in various habitats.To explore the genetic and molecular mechanisms of high NUE,we compared genomic and transcriptomic data from the high-NUE cultivar Kenong 9204(KN9204)and the low-NUE cultivar Jing 411 and quantified their nitrogen accumulation under high-and low-nitrogen conditions.Compared with Jing 411,KN9204 absorbed significantly more nitrogen at the reproductive stage after shooting and accumulated it in the shoots and seeds.Transcriptome data analysis revealed that nitrogen deficiency clearly suppressed the expression of genes related to cell division in the young spike of Jing 411,whereas this suppression of gene expression was much lower in KN9204.In addition,KN9204 maintained relatively high expression of NPF genes for a longer time than Jing 411 during seed maturity.Physiological and transcriptome data revealed that KN9204 was more tolerant of nitrogen deficiency than Jing 411,especially at the reproductive stage.The high NUE of KN9204 is an integrated effect controlled at different levels.Taken together,our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of NUE and important gene resources for improving wheat cultivars with a higher NUE trait.

From signaling to function: how strigolactones regulate plant development

Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones first discovered based on their ability to stimulate germination of the root parasite witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.) and regulate symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and their host plants. Recent studies have identified diverse functions of SLs in shoot branching, leaf development, root architecture, and the responses to environment stress (GomezRoldan et al., 2008;Umehara et al., 2008;Brewer et al.,2013).

Microbiomics and Plant Health:An Interdisciplinary and International Workshop on the Plant Microbiome

The microbiome refers to the collective genomes of all resident microorganisms of a particular organism,environment,or ecosystem.Plant surfaces and interior parts are populated by myriads of bacteria,fungi,and microbes from other kingdoms, which can have considerable effects on plant growth,disease resistance,abiotic stress tolerance,and nutrient uptake.

Rhizosphere bacteria degrade auxin to promote root growth

Dynamic microbial communities exist both within and around plant tissues(Bulgarelli et al.,2012;Lundberg et al.,2012).Complex interactions among microorganisms,as well as between microorganisms and plants,are governed by a wide range of chemical signals and influence plant growth directly and indirectly(Lebeis et al.,2015;Durán et al.,2018;Finkel et al.,2019;Huang et al.,2019).Antagonistic interactions among microorganisms shape the plant microbiota and protect plants against pathogens.For example,Pseudomonas piscium isolated from the wheat Yannong 19 head microbiome inhibits the growth and virulence of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum by modulating the activity of its histone acetyltransferase(Chen et al.,2018).Moreover,a Flavobacterium cultivated from the root microbiota of wilt-resistant tomato can suppress Ralstonia solanacearum in susceptible tomato(Kwak et al.,2018).