Evaluation and Comparison of DTPA Extractanting Methods for Available Cationic Micronutrients in Non-acidic Soils of Andhra Pradesh,India

The research work was carried out to compare and evaluate the extractability of cationic micronutrients(Zn,Cu,Fe and Mn)using widely employed diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid(DTPA)-triethanolamine(TEA)-CaCl2 method with that of multinutrient extractant(ammonium bicarbonate(AB)-DTPA)in Inceptisols,Alfisols and Entisols in the erstwhile united Andhra Pradesh.The percent variation of extraction of Zn was higher in soils with DTPA-TEA-CaCl2 over AB-DTPA method in all the soil orders(types)in the range of 35.3% to 46.2%.AB-DTPA extracted high amounts of Cu to an extent of 10%-21% in Entisols and Alfisls,respectively.In Inceptisols both extracatants extracted equal amounts of Cu.AB-DTPA extracted high amounts of Fe 13% and 18% in Alfisols and Entisols compared to that of DTPA-TEA-CaCl2 method and DTPA-TEA-CaCl2 method was good extract for Fe in Inceptisols and even for Mn in Alfisols.The amounts of micronutrient contents extracted were found to be highly and significantly correlated with soil properties like electrical conductivity(EC)and organic carbon(OC).The individual micronutrient contents of Zn,Cu and Fe extracted by DTPA-TEA-CaCl2 methods were found to be highly correlated with that of AB-DTPA extractant.However,such correlation was not observed for Mn extraction when all soils were grouped.

Gastric digestion of pea ferritin and modulation of its iron bioavailability by ascorbic and phytic acids in caco-2 cells

瞄准：在 caco-2 房间线模型理解版本和豌豆含铁听铁的肠的举起的消化稳定性和机制。方法：豌豆种子含铁锡用分别由胶化过滤层析跟随了的盐被净化。含铁听铁的简历可获得性当面用联合在试管内 digestion/Caco-2 房间模型被估计或抗坏血酸和 phytic 的缺席。Caco-2 房间含铁听形成被用作铁举起的一个代理人标记。在模仿的胃的 pH 下面的豌豆含铁锡的结构的变化用电气泳动，胶化过滤和圆形的二色性光谱学被描绘。结果：caco-2 房间含铁听形成显著地被增加(P 【 0.001 ) 与 FeSO4 (19.3 +/- 9.8 ng/mg 蛋白质) 并且豌豆含铁锡(13.9 +/- 6.19 ng/mg 蛋白质) 与空白的文摘相比(3.7 +/- 1.8 ng/mg 蛋白质) 。当 phytic 减少了时，提高的抗坏血酸豌豆含铁听铁简历可获得性。然而，也当面或抗坏血酸的缺席， caco-2 房间的含铁听内容是显著地有豌豆含铁锡的更少比与 FeSO4。在胃的 pH，相应于含铁锡的乐队都没在本国的页或 SDS 页上面对胃朊酶任何一个被观察。胶化过滤层析和圆形的二色性光谱学揭示了第四级、第二等的结构的 pH 依赖者损失。结论：在胃的条件下面，豌豆含铁锡的铁核心由于酸被释放进消化媒介蛋白质的导致的结构的改变和分离。释放的铁与导致豌豆含铁听铁简历可获得性的调整的饮食的因素交往，类似于 non-heme 铁的典型特征。

减少饲料中维生素的降解

各种供应链的中断导致维生素E的持续短缺,这在极大程度上抬高了这种脂溶性维生素的价格。因此,一些饲料厂和营养师已经考虑降低家禽颗粒饲料配方中维生素E的添加水平。用羟基铜代替硫酸铜可以最大限度地降低维生素的降解或破坏。

The use of feed-grade amino acids in lactating sow diets

Background: The use of feed grade amino acids can reduce the cost of lactation feed. With changing genetics,increasing feed costs, and higher number of pigs weaned with heavier wean weights further evaluation of higher inclusion levels of feed-grade amino acid in lactation diets than previously published is warranted. Two experiments(Exp.) were conducted to determine the optimal inclusion level of L-lysine HCl to be included in swine lactation diets while digestible lysine levels remain constant across dietary treatments and allowing feed grade amino acids to be added to the diet to maintain dietary ratios relative to lysine to maximize litter growth rate and sow reproductive performance. Furthermore, the studies were to evaluate minimal amino acid ratios relative to lysine that allows for optimal litter growth rate and sow reproductive performance.Results: Exp. 1: Increasing L-lysine HCl resulted in similar gilt feed intake, litter, and reproductive performance.Average litter gain from birth to weaning was 2.51, 2.49, 2.59, 2.43, and 2.65 kg/d when gilts were fed 0.00, 0.075,0.150, 0.225, and 0.30% L-lysine HCl, respectively. Exp. 2: The average litter gain from birth to weaning was 2.68,2.73, 2.67, 2.70, and 2.64 kg/d(P < 0.70) when sows were fed 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.4% L-lysine HCl plus valine,respectively. No other differences among dietary treatments were observed.Conclusions: Collectively, these studies demonstrate corn-soybean meal based lactation diets formulated with a constant SID lysine content for all parities containing up to 0.40% L-lysine HCl with only supplemental feed grade threonine and a methionine source have no detrimental effect on litter growth rate and subsequent total born.

Soil Test Based Fertilizer Prescriptions through Inductive cum Targeted Yield Model for Sesamum on Alfisol

Studies on Soil Test Crop Response Based Integrated Plant Nutrition System(STCR-IPNS)were conducted for three years adopting the Inductive cum Targeted Yield Model,on alfisols of Unified Andhra Pradesh,Southern India during summer 2016-2018 in order to develop fertilizer prescriptions through IPNS for the desired yield targets of Sesamum under field conditions.The bases for making the fertilizer prescriptions viz.nutrient requirement(NR),contribution of nutrients from soil(Cs),fertilizer(Cf)and vermicompost(CVC)were computed using the field experimental data.Making use of these basic parameters,the fertilizer prescription equations were developed under NPK alone and under IPNS for the desired yield targets of Sesamum for a range of soil test values.The quantity of fertilizers contributed by the application of vermicompost was assessed.Nutrient requirement to produce 100 kg of sesame seed was worked out to be 10.20 kg N,3.90 kg P2O5 and 5.22 kg K2O.In the present investigation,the requirement of N was higher which is followed by K2O and P2O5.The requirement of N was 2.62 times higher than P and 1.95 times higher than K.The percent contribution of N,P and K was 12.25,15.75 and 6.00 from soils,41.68,22.85 and 59.97 from fertilizer and 9.87,6.74 and 18.65 from organic manures,respectively.Thus the Inductive cum Targeted Yield Model used to develop fertilizer prescription equations provides a strong basis for soil fertility maintenance consistent with high productivity and efficient nutrient management in farming for sustainable and enduring agriculture.

Background Concentration of Copper and Cadmium in Water from a High Industrialized and Urban Coastal System (Baixada Santista, Brazil)—Contribution to a Monitoring Program

The Baixada Santista coastal region is well known in the context of the high atmospheric, soil and aquatic pollution levels derived from port, industrial, domestic and urban activities existent there, mainly in function of the Cubatão industrial pole and port of Santos. The contamination by trace metals in this region is rarely measured in water column when compared with metal determinations in sediment studies. This study aims to evidence the levels of dissolved copper and total cadmium concentrations in estuarine and seawater waters using electrochemical analysis as a chronopotentiometric stripping polarography, which could improve the environmental monitoring program. The study was performed in the Bay of Santos reaching two estuarine channels (Santos and São Vicente Channels) in two tide periods in summer 2001. This region is influenced by terrestrial and anthropogenic inputs of trace metals to seawater. The results showed that dissolved copper and total cadmium in water presented the maxima concentrations of 45.4 nM and 2.6 nM respectively. They not reached the limits proposed by Brazilian Environmental Law (CONAMA), that indicate, as reference, a maximum of 123 nM and 350 nM for dissolved copper and total cadmium, respectively and, considering seawater coastal system (salinity > 30, class 2) and also brackish water (class 2). Although the values were under the maximum recommended for each metal, the concentrations were not negligible in relation to the other polluted areas in the world. The values distribution along the system showed a progressive increase in direction to the inner part of the system that naturally compromises the local biota whose is more exposed to the bioaccumulation processes, and this data corresponds to an important reference preterit value to the monitoring program. The trace metal bioaccumulation by mangrove vegetation and by the biota in the internal part of the estuarine channels increase the risk of the poorly population that living in the internal part of the estuary, used to the seafood consumption. The contribution of this study is important to guide the protective policies destined to recuperate the natural conditions of this system, mainly considering that in the decade 1980, there was a case of toxic contamination, causing hydrocephaly in newborns. It proves the existence of risks to the human health and to the balance of the ecosystem, even with the decrease of pollution after that, the environmental evaluation needs to know the background values to guide environmental protection.

Determinants of Iron Consumption among Pregnant Women in Southern Senegal

The anemia by iron deficiency is a public health problem. To palliate the multiple maternal and fetal consequences, the WHO recommends the iron supplementation during at least 90 days to all pregnant women. The goal of our study is to study the determinants of this consumption in the Kolda area (Senegal). It’s the analytical cross-sectional study referred. We use the survey by clusters with 2 levels and it’s about all of the women who gave birth in Kolda area between February 2013 and January 2014. The dependent variable was iron consumption during at least 90 days and the independents variables were grouped on personal factors, knowledge and practices. Data were collected during a personal interview face to face. We used logistic regression to identify the determinants of this consumption. The average age of women surveyed in 1442 was 25.5 years. They had knowledge of iron consumption (93%) and the number of antennal consultation (ANC) (66%). The prevalence of pregnant women who consumed iron at least for 90 days was 51%. The factors associated with consumption were schooling (ORa = 2.49 [1.54 - 4.03]), health awareness (ORa = 1.61 [1.25 to 2.07]), knowledge about number of ANC (ORa = 1.54 [1.18 - 2.00]), councils on the benefits of iron (ORa = 2.66 [1.77 - 4.00]), the household wealth index (ORa = 1.83 [1.04 to 3.19]), number of ANC (ORa = 2.05 [1.56 - 2.69]), age pregnancy on the first ANC (ORa = 2 [1.47 - 2.7]) and iron prescription (ORa = 1.64 [1.25 - 2.16]). The prevalence of iron consumption during at least 90 days is low in Kolda area (51%);however, its determinants are identified;we can solve the problem by increasing communicate more about iron supplementation and antenatal consultation.

Antioxidant Effects of Alperujo Extract (Arbequina and Frantoio Varieties) on MIN6 <i>β</i>-Cells Subjected to Stress with Glucose or H₂O₂

Alperujo, an antioxidant-rich by-product of olive oil extraction, could protect β-cells against oxidative damage. Our goal was to study the antioxidant effects of an alperujo extract (AE) on MIN6 β-cells challenged with glucose or hydrogen peroxide. MIN6 β-cells were challenged with glucose (100 mM) or H2O2 (0.15 mM), with or without AE (20 μM phenol). Reactive oxygen species, intracellular iron (Fe), insulin, glucose uptake, and mRNA gene expression of Uncoupling Protein-2 (UCP-2), Thioredoxin (TRDX), p47phox, and the ratio Bax/Bcl-2 were measured. ROS increased when the stressors were incubated with AE (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Intracellular Fe increased in glucose presence (100 mM p < 0.001). Insulin secretion improved when cells were pre-incubated with AE (p < 0.001) and glucose uptake increased when cells were pre-incubated with AE for 3 days and then further treated with glucose (p < 0.001). After 3 days of AE alone, mRNA relative expression of UCP-2 and TRDX increased (p < 0.001) and after 5 days p47phox, also increased. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio tended to decrease in the samples pre-incubated with AE. The Alperujo extract,in vitro, had a pro-oxidant behavior, however pre-incubating MIN6 β-cells with AE tended to protect them against apoptosis, thereby enhancing insulin secretion.

Protein Quality of Amaranth Grains Cultivated in Ethiopia as Affected by Popping and Fermentation

The effect of popping and fermentation on protein quality of three different varieties of amaranth grains cultivated in Ethiopia was evaluated. Total lysine content of the grains was higher than that of commonly available cereals but close to that of legumes. Methionine and cysteine contents in the grains were also higher than that found in cereal and legume proteins. Percentage of total indispensable amino acids, excluding tryptophan, was 43% - 49%, which was higher than WHO reference pattern (31%). Popping resulted in 36% and 37% reduction in total lysine and cysteine contents, respectively, whereas fermentation reduced cysteine, lysine and methionine contents by 16%, 20% and 20%, respectively. From the free amino acids, histidine was the major indispensable amino acid but threonine was not detected. During popping, all free amino acids, except threonine, were reduced. On the other hand, fermentation significantly increased (p < 0.01) most amino acids except arginine, which was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), and tyrosine and glutamic acid, for which no change was observed. Popping decreased in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) by 8.3% - 17.1% while fermentation increased IVPD by 4.8% - 7.5%. Substitution of amaranth for wheat and/or maize during complementary food formulation could contribute much to the daily requirements of indispensable amino acids of young children.

锌缺乏症:最适当的干预措施是什么?

锌缺乏症在发展中国家很常见,有很高的死亡率在发展中国家,规律地补充锌可大大降低婴儿的发病率补锌还是一种有效治疗腹泻病的辅助方法锌缺乏症常与其他微量营养素缺乏症并存,包括铁缺乏症,因此补充一种营养素是不够的直到复合微量营养素干预治疗的试验结果显示可行之后。