The Effect of Signs Design of Wayfinding to Elders in Hospital： Take National Taiwan University College of Medicine for Example

Taiwan had officially entered aging society in 1993, and meantime the birthrate reaches its lowest point again and again. The constitution of population dramatically turns into an elder and low-birthrate society. Therefore, the ratio of elders living along is increasing yearly. When the elders need to deal the illness and go to hospital along, decays come from degeneration might have affect on their activity in accessible environment in hospital. Signs is a vital tool for delivering and communicating information in the road sign system. Whether the elders can identify the signs in hospital clearly becomes an important issue in the current research. To understand the affect of signs design in hospital to elders, the research reviewed and gained insight of degeneration in both physical and psychological of elders and the proper principal of signs design for elders. The research surveys in Taipei City, which has densest medical center, and mainly focus on National Taiwan University College of Medicine, which has hundred years of history （founded in 1895）. The research conducts field survey in both old and new buildings of National Taiwan University College of Medicine in August, 2015. The survey includes five types of signs design： Public Facilities, Prohibition, Safety, Warning, and Commercial Facilities. The result from article review indicates the most salient psychological degenerations includes the change in cognitive function, decay of memory, and deceleration of information processing; physical degenerations includes the decay of vision. As a result, the following properties should be taken into consideration when designing sings for elders： （1） The proper ratio of graphic and text. （2） Avoid using colors or matches difficult to identify by elders, like purple, blue, and green. （3） Take the visibility, legibility, identity, attention, and memory into consideration, there should be 70% differentiation in contrast between text of sign and background. （4） Avoid using multi-meaning graphic, keep the design simple. The result from the survey of National Yaiwan University College of Medicine indicates： （1） Using mainly on graphic and text as subsidiary, part of the sign design using both Chinese and English, and make sure the appropriateness of ratio between graphic and text. Use more of sans-serif font, which has better legibility. （2） Match the color mainly as yellow background with black graphic, blue background with white graphic, white background with black graphic, white background with blue graphic, a strong contrast between background and graphic on brightness and chroma matches the principle of visibility, legibility, and identity. （3） Simplify the signs design may safeguard its visibility. When elder need to handle illness comes from degeneration alone and go to large and complex hospitals frequently, the decay of their mental and physical might have a huge negative affect. Therefore, the signs design in hospital should understand their properties and design signs that match their requirement, to safeguard their live independency.

Prediction of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma using Onco Scan chromosomal copy number aberration data

AIM To identify chromosomal copy number aberrations(CNAs) in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and analyze whether they are correlated with patient prognosis.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with early-stage HCC were enrolled in our study, with the collection of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded(FFPE) specimens and clinicopathological data. Tumor areas were marked by certified pathologists on a hematoxylin and eosinstained slide, and cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues underwent extraction of DNA, which was analyzed with the Affymetrix Onco Scan platform to assess CNAs and loss of heterozygosity(LOH). Ten individuals with nonmalignant disease were used as the control group. Another cohort consisting of 40 patients with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ HCC were enrolled to analyze gene expression and to correlate findings with the Onco Scan data.RESULTS Copy number amplifications occurred at chromosomes 1 q21.1-q44 and 8 q12.3-24.3 and deletions were found at 4 q13.1-q35.2, 8 p 23.2-21.1, 16 q23.3-24.3, and 17 p13.3-12, while LOH commonly occurred at 1 p32.3, 3 p21.31, 8 p23.2-21.1, 16 q22.1-24.3, and 17 p 13.3-11 in early-stage HCC. Using Cox regression analysis, we also found that a higher percentage of genome change(≥ 60%) was an independent factor for worse prognosis in early-stage HCC(P = 0.031). Among the 875 genes in the Onco Scan Gene Chip, six were independent predictors of worse disease-free survival, of which three were amplified(MYC, ELAC2, and SYK) and three were deleted(GAK, MECOM, and WRN). Further, patients with HCC who exhibited ≥ 3 CNAs involving these six genes have worse outcomes compared to those who had < 3 CNAs(P < 0.001). Similarly, Asian patients with stage I HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas harboring CNAs with these genes were also predicted to have poorer outcomes.CONCLUSION Patients with early-stage HCC and increased genome change or CNAs involving MYC, ELAC2, SYK, GAK, MECOM, or WRN are at risk for poorer outcome after resection.

Two-Stage High-Efficiency Encryption Key Update Scheme for LoRaWAN Based IoT Environment

Secure data communication is an essential requirement for an Internet of Things(IoT)system.Especially in Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)systems,when important data are hacked,it may induce property loss or life hazard.Even though many IoTrelated communication protocols are equipped with secure policies,they still have some security weaknesses in their IoT systems.LoRaWAN is one of the low power wide-area network protocols,and it adopts Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)to provide message integrity and confidentiality.However,LoRaWAN’s encryption key update scheme can be further improved.In this paper,a Two-stage High-efficiency LoRaWAN encryption key Update Scheme(THUS for short)is proposed to update LoRaWAN’s root keys and session keys in a secure and efficient way.The THUS consists of two stages,i.e.,the Root Key Update(RKU)stage and the Session Key Update(SKU)stage,and with different update frequencies,the RKU and SKU provide higher security level than the normal LoRaWAN specification does.A modified AES encryption/decryption process is also utilized in the THUS for enhancing the security of the THUS.The security analyses demonstrate that the THUS not only protects important parameter during key update stages,but also satisfies confidentiality,integrity,and mutual authentication.Moreover,The THUS can further resist replay and eavesdropping attacks.

Online Social Support and Use of SNSs Among College Students Relationship to Online and Offiine Social Skills

The subjects of this study are college students aged between 18 to 26 years old from different majors. Investigated the use intensity and addiction of SNSs among college students, with variables of use behaviors and online social support are relate to their online social skills and offline social skills. Seven point Likert scale, descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used to determine the correlations of different use intensities and levels of addiction. The results explored whether college students＇ online social skills, offline social skills, and online social support are correlated with use intensity and addiction. Long-term or high-frequency use of SNSs does not lead to equivalent social relationships on SNSs, yet addiction to SNSs can reflect the positive support and communication ability of college students in online interpersonal relationships.

Biological evaluations of decellularized extracellular matrix collagen microparticles prepared based on plant enzymes and aqueous two-phase method

For patients with extensive full-thickness burns who do not have sufficient autologous splitthickness skin for skin grafts,the application of biological skin substitutes may be considered.The aim of this study was to find an optimal new type method for the production of a biovital skin substitute based on acellular dermal matrix(ADM)and preclinical evaluations.In this work,25 methods of ADM production were assessed.The proposed methods are based on the use of the following enzymes:papain,Carica papaya lipase(CPL),and purification using a polymer/salt aqueous two-phase system.The obtained ADM samples were characterized via scanning electron microscopy(SEM),porosity measurement and water vapor transmission test.Results showed that the collagen bundles of ADM microparticles were intact and orderly.Through differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA)and biocompatibility tests,the results indicated that the proportion of papain and CPL was the same and 5 h processing time are the optimum conditions for ADM preparation and the material showed good biocompatibility.Our results suggested that the potential of developing this kind of decellularization process to manufacture ADM scaffolds for clinical application.

Extraction and characterization of bovine collagen Type V and its effects on cell behaviors

Collagen Type V(Col.V)plays an essential role in cell behaviors and has attracted increasing attention in recent years.Highpurity Col.V is needed for evaluating its biological properties.In this research,the enzymatic hydrolysis process was combined with ultrafiltration to purify Col.V from the bovine cornea.The purity of Col.V was determined to be above 90%by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and high-performance liquid chromatography methods.The effect of Col.V on cell behaviors was evaluated.The circular dichroism spectroscopy results demonstrated that the extracted Col.V exhibited a complete triple helix structure.SDS-PAGE suggested that the molecular weight of Col.V was 440 kDa.The self-assembly experiment revealed that the proportion of Col.V in the collagen mixture can affect the Col.I fiber diameter.The cell culture results implied that Col.V can inhibit fibroblasts(L929)proliferation.The L929 showed maximum mobility when the addition of Col.V was 30%.Thus,Col.V has the effect of inhibiting L929 proliferation and promoting migration.The high-purity Col.V provides useful information for further understanding its biological implications.