DMFP （Dental microbial fouling phenomenon） of OCE （oral cavity environment） was studied in the local dental labs. Multi-smears of mature supra gingival plaques were randomly collected from fifty persons in dental ...DMFP （Dental microbial fouling phenomenon） of OCE （oral cavity environment） was studied in the local dental labs. Multi-smears of mature supra gingival plaques were randomly collected from fifty persons in dental labs that had different cultures, ages, sex and different scientific levels. Rapid microbial identification method was used to identify of these multi-smears by using vitek-2 compact instrument. The most frequent and appearance species of bacteria was Pantoeae spp., then Klebsiella pneumonia. Total species of microbial fouling in supra gingival plaques were included sixteen species： Staphyllococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pantoeae spp., Aercococcus viridians, Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremorise, Granuli.adiacens, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphyllococcus sciuri, Stenotrophomonus maltiphilia, Kocuria varians, Gememlla morbillorum, Granulicatella adiacens, Nonreac biopattern, Kocuria kritinae, Kocuria rosea and Nonreac.biopattern while six fungal species were Tricoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus, Tricoderma harzianum, Cladosporium macrocarpum, Penicillium citrinum and Verticillium lecanii in addition to two yeast species were recorded Candida dubliniensis and Candida glabrata. The results were detected the most appearance of bacteria Pantoeae sp., then Klebsiella pneumonia, then Staphyllococcus aureus. These results of study suggest that adhesive strength conjugated with the biofilm layers presence in OCE may vary across different from one to other persons and mark a new path of inquiry for dental Microbial-fouling phenomenon research.展开更多
Climate mitigation has become a global issue and most countries have promised their greenhouse gas reduction target. However, after Trump took office as president of the United States （US）, the US withdrew from the ...Climate mitigation has become a global issue and most countries have promised their greenhouse gas reduction target. However, after Trump took office as president of the United States （US）, the US withdrew from the Paris Agreement. As the biggest economy, this would have impacts on the emission space of other countries. This paper, by using the integrated model of energy, environ- ment and economy/computable general equilibrium （IMED/CGE） model, assesses the impacts of the US withdrawal from Paris Agreement on China, India in terms of carbon emission space and mitigation cost under Nationally Determined Contributions （NDCs） and 2~C scenarios due to changed emission pathway of the US. The results show that, under the condition of constant global cumulative carbon emissions and fixed burden sharing scheme among the countries, the failure of the US to honor its NDC commitment will increase its carbon emission space and decrease its mitigation cost. However, the carbon emission space of other regions, including China and India, will be reduced and their mitigation costs will be raised. In 2030, under the 2℃ target, the carbon price will increase by US$14.3 to US$45.3/t in China and by US S10.7 to US$33.9/t in India. In addition, China and India will incur additional GDP loss. Under the 2℃ target, the GDP loss of China would increase by US$23.3 to US$72.6 billion （equivalent to US$17.4 to US$54.2/capita）, and that of India would rise by US$14.2 to US$43.1 billion （equivalent to US$9.3 to US$28.2/capita）.展开更多
文摘DMFP （Dental microbial fouling phenomenon） of OCE （oral cavity environment） was studied in the local dental labs. Multi-smears of mature supra gingival plaques were randomly collected from fifty persons in dental labs that had different cultures, ages, sex and different scientific levels. Rapid microbial identification method was used to identify of these multi-smears by using vitek-2 compact instrument. The most frequent and appearance species of bacteria was Pantoeae spp., then Klebsiella pneumonia. Total species of microbial fouling in supra gingival plaques were included sixteen species： Staphyllococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pantoeae spp., Aercococcus viridians, Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremorise, Granuli.adiacens, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphyllococcus sciuri, Stenotrophomonus maltiphilia, Kocuria varians, Gememlla morbillorum, Granulicatella adiacens, Nonreac biopattern, Kocuria kritinae, Kocuria rosea and Nonreac.biopattern while six fungal species were Tricoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus, Tricoderma harzianum, Cladosporium macrocarpum, Penicillium citrinum and Verticillium lecanii in addition to two yeast species were recorded Candida dubliniensis and Candida glabrata. The results were detected the most appearance of bacteria Pantoeae sp., then Klebsiella pneumonia, then Staphyllococcus aureus. These results of study suggest that adhesive strength conjugated with the biofilm layers presence in OCE may vary across different from one to other persons and mark a new path of inquiry for dental Microbial-fouling phenomenon research.
文摘Climate mitigation has become a global issue and most countries have promised their greenhouse gas reduction target. However, after Trump took office as president of the United States （US）, the US withdrew from the Paris Agreement. As the biggest economy, this would have impacts on the emission space of other countries. This paper, by using the integrated model of energy, environ- ment and economy/computable general equilibrium （IMED/CGE） model, assesses the impacts of the US withdrawal from Paris Agreement on China, India in terms of carbon emission space and mitigation cost under Nationally Determined Contributions （NDCs） and 2~C scenarios due to changed emission pathway of the US. The results show that, under the condition of constant global cumulative carbon emissions and fixed burden sharing scheme among the countries, the failure of the US to honor its NDC commitment will increase its carbon emission space and decrease its mitigation cost. However, the carbon emission space of other regions, including China and India, will be reduced and their mitigation costs will be raised. In 2030, under the 2℃ target, the carbon price will increase by US$14.3 to US$45.3/t in China and by US S10.7 to US$33.9/t in India. In addition, China and India will incur additional GDP loss. Under the 2℃ target, the GDP loss of China would increase by US$23.3 to US$72.6 billion （equivalent to US$17.4 to US$54.2/capita）, and that of India would rise by US$14.2 to US$43.1 billion （equivalent to US$9.3 to US$28.2/capita）.
