The underlying mechanism of variety–water–nitrogen–stubble damage interactions on yield formation in ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting

Agronomic measures are the key to promote the sustainable development of ratoon rice by reducing the damage from mechanical crushing to the residual stubble of the main crop, thereby mitigating the impact on axillary bud sprouting and yield formation in ratoon rice. This study used widely recommended conventional rice Jiafuzhan and hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 as the test materials to conduct a four-factor block design field experiment in a greenhouse of the experimental farm of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, China from 2018 to 2019.The treatments included fertilization and no fertilization, alternate wetting and drying irrigation and continuous water flooding irrigation, and plots with and without artificial crushing damage on the rice stubble. At the same time, a 13C stable isotope in-situ detection technology was used to fertilize the pot experiment. The results showed significant interactions among varieties, water management, nitrogen application and stubble status.Relative to the long-term water flooding treatment, the treatment with sequential application of nitrogen fertilizer coupled with moderate field drought for root-vigor and tiller promotion before and after harvesting of the main crop, significantly improved the effective tillers from low position nodes. This in turn increased the effective panicles per plant and grains per panicle by reducing the influence of artificial crushing damage on rice stubble and achieving a high yield of the regenerated rice. Furthermore, the partitioning of 13C assimilates to the residual stubble and its axillary buds were significantly improved at the mature stage of the main crop, while the translocation rate to roots and rhizosphere soil was reduced at the later growth stage of ratooning season rice. This was triggered by the metabolism of hormones and polyamines at the stem base regulated by the interaction of water and fertilizer at this time. We therefore suggest that to achieve a high yield of ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting, the timely application of nitrogen fertilizer is fundamental,coupled with moderate field drying for root-vigor preservation and tiller promotion before and after the mechanical harvesting of the main crop.

The Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD suppresses rice immunity by inhibiting an LSD1-like transcriptional activator

Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs can function as effectors,facilitating infection via effector-triggered susceptibility(ETS).Mechanisms of Avr-mediated ETS remain largely unexplored.Here we report that the Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD enters rice cells via the canonical cytoplasmic secretion pathway and suppresses rice basal defense.Avr-PikD interacts with an LSD1-like transcriptional activator AKIP30 of rice,and AKIP30 is also a positive regulator of rice immunity,whereas Avr-PikD impedes its nuclear localization and suppresses its transcriptional activity.In summary,M.oryzae delivers Avr-PikD into rice cells to facilitate ETS by inhibiting AKIP30-mediated transcriptional regulation of immune response against M.oryzae.

K-core attack, equilibrium K-core,and kinetically constrained spin system

Kinetically constrained spin systems are toy models of supercooled liquids and amorphous solids. In this perspective,we revisit the prototypical Fredrickson–Andersen(FA) kinetically constrained model from the viewpoint of K-core combinatorial optimization. Each kinetic cluster of the FA system, containing all the mutually visitable microscopic occupation configurations, is exactly the solution space of a specific instance of the K-core attack problem. The whole set of different jammed occupation patterns of the FA system is the configuration space of an equilibrium K-core problem. Based on recent theoretical results achieved on the K-core attack and equilibrium K-core problems, we discuss the thermodynamic spin glass phase transitions and the maximum occupation density of the fully unfrozen FA kinetic cluster, and the minimum occupation density and extreme vulnerability of the partially frozen(jammed) kinetic clusters. The equivalence between K-core attack and the fully unfrozen FA kinetic cluster also implies a new way of sampling K-core attack solutions.

Emergent topological ordered phase for the Ising-XY model revealed by cluster-updating Monte Carlo method

The two-component cold atom systems with anisotropic hopping amplitudes can be phenomenologically described by a two-dimensional Ising-XY coupled model with spatial anisotropy.At low temperatures,theoretical predictions[Phys.Rev.A 72053604(2005)]and[arXiv:0706.1609]indicate the existence of a topological ordered phase characterized by Ising and XY disorder but with 2XY ordering.However,due to ergodic difficulties faced by Monte Carlo methods at low temperatures,this topological phase has not been numerically explored.We propose a linear cluster updating Monte Carlo method,which flips spins without rejection in the anisotropy limit but does not change the energy.Using this scheme and conventional Monte Carlo methods,we succeed in revealing the nature of topological phases with half-vortices and domain walls.In the constructed global phase diagram,Ising and XY-type transitions are very close to each other and differ significantly from the schematic phase diagram reported earlier.We also propose and explore a wide range of quantities,including magnetism,superfluidity,specific heat,susceptibility,and even percolation susceptibility,and obtain consistent and reliable results.Furthermore,we observed first-order transitions characterized by common intersection points in magnetizations for different system sizes,as opposed to the conventional phase transition where Binder cumulants of various sizes share common intersections.The critical exponents of different types of phase transitions are reasonably fitted.The results are useful to help cold atom experiments explore the half-vortex topological phase.

Potentials of ribosomopathy gene as pharmaceutical targets for cancer treatment

Ribosomopathies encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from impaired ribosome biogenesis and reduced functionality.Mutation or dysexpression of the genes that disturb any finely regulated steps of ribosome biogenesis can result in different types of ribosomopathies in clinic,collectively known as ribosomopathy genes.Emerging data suggest that ribosomopathy patients exhibit a significantly heightened susceptibility to cancer.Abnormal ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation of some ribosomopathy genes have also been found to be intimately associated with cancer development.The correlation between ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathy and the development of malignancies has been well established.This work aims to review the recent advances in the research of ribosomopathy genes among human cancers and meanwhile,to excavate the potential role of these genes,which have not or rarely been reported in cancer,in the disease development across cancers.We plan to establish a theoretical framework between the ribosomopathy gene and cancer development,to further facilitate the potential of these genes as diagnostic biomarker as well as pharmaceutical targets for cancer treatment.

Research progress and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology based on hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is now a common cause of cancer death,with no obvious change in patient survival over the past few years.Although the traditional therapeutic modalities for HCC patients mainly involved in surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy,which have achieved admirable achievements,challenges are still existed,such as drug resistance and toxicity.The emerging gene therapy of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9-based(CRISPR/Cas9),as an alternative to traditional treatment methods,has attracted considerable attention for eradicating resistant malignant tumors and regulating multiple crucial events of target gene-editing.Recently,advances in CRISPR/Cas9-based anti-drugs are presented at the intersection of science,such as chemistry,materials science,tumor biology,and genetics.In this review,the principle as well as statues of CRISPR/Cas9 technique were introduced first to show its feasibility.Additionally,the emphasis was placed on the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in therapeutic HCC.Further,a broad overview of non-viral delivery systems for the CRISPR/Cas9-based anti-drugs in HCC treatment was summarized to delineate their design,action mechanisms,and anticancer applications.Finally,the limitations and prospects of current studies were also discussed,and we hope to provide comprehensively theoretical basis for the designing of anti-drugs.

Density Functional Theory Study of Marine Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Anaerobic Degradation

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)are a kind of serious pollutants in the ocean.Biodegradation is considered as an economical and safe way for PBDEs removal and reductive debromination dominates the initial pathway of anaerobic degradation.On the basis of experimental study,Octa-BDE 197,Hepta-BDE 183,Hexa-BDE 153,Penta-BDE 99 and Tetra-BDE 47 were selected as the initial degradation objects,and their debromination degradation were studied using density functional theory.The structures were optimized by Gaussian 09 program.Furthermore,the molecular orbitals and charge distribution were analyzed.All C-Br bond dissociation energies at different positions including ortho,meta and para bromine atoms were calculated and the sequence of debromination was obtained.There is a close relationship between molecular structure,charge,molecular orbital and C-Br bond.All PBDEs exhibited similar debromination pathways with preferential removal of meta and para bromines.

Instance Reweighting Adversarial Training Based on Confused Label

Reweighting adversarial examples during training plays an essential role in improving the robustness of neural networks,which lies in the fact that examples closer to the decision boundaries are much more vulnerable to being attacked and should be given larger weights.The probability margin(PM)method is a promising approach to continuously and path-independently mea-suring such closeness between the example and decision boundary.However,the performance of PM is limited due to the fact that PM fails to effectively distinguish the examples having only one misclassified category and the ones with multiple misclassified categories,where the latter is closer to multi-classification decision boundaries and is supported to be more critical in our observation.To tackle this problem,this paper proposed an improved PM criterion,called confused-label-based PM(CL-PM),to measure the closeness mentioned above and reweight adversarial examples during training.Specifi-cally,a confused label(CL)is defined as the label whose prediction probability is greater than that of the ground truth label given a specific adversarial example.Instead of considering the discrepancy between the probability of the true label and the probability of the most misclassified label as the PM method does,we evaluate the closeness by accumulating the probability differences of all the CLs and ground truth label.CL-PM shares a negative correlation with data vulnerability:data with larger/smaller CL-PM is safer/riskier and should have a smaller/larger weight.Experiments demonstrated that CL-PM is more reliable in indicating the closeness regarding multiple misclassified categories,and reweighting adversarial training based on CL-PM outperformed state-of-the-art counterparts.

Attentive Neighborhood Feature Augmentation for Semi-supervised Learning

Recent state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning(SSL)methods usually use data augmentations as core components.Such methods,however,are limited to simple transformations such as the augmentations under the instance’s naive representations or the augmentations under the instance’s semantic representations.To tackle this problem,we offer a unique insight into data augmentations and propose a novel data-augmentation-based semi-supervised learning method,called Attentive Neighborhood Feature Aug-mentation(ANFA).The motivation of our method lies in the observation that the relationship between the given feature and its neighborhood may contribute to constructing more reliable transformations for the data,and further facilitating the classifier to distinguish the ambiguous features from the low-dense regions.Specially,we first project the labeled and unlabeled data points into an embedding space and then construct a neighbor graph that serves as a similarity measure based on the similar representations in the embedding space.Then,we employ an attention mechanism to transform the target features into augmented ones based on the neighbor graph.Finally,we formulate a novel semi-supervised loss by encouraging the predictions of the interpolations of augmented features to be consistent with the corresponding interpolations of the predictions of the target features.We carried out exper-iments on SVHN and CIFAR-10 benchmark datasets and the experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods when the number of labeled examples is limited.

Comparison of short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins(alone and in combination)to the survival of brine shrimp Artemia salina

Toxic harmful algal blooms(HABs)can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms,threatening the stability of marine ecosystems.It is well known that different strains,natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity.To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs,it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms.In this study,the short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins(alone and in combination)in the marine zooplankton Artemia salina was investigated.The 48 h LC_(50)of the 14 phycotoxins varied from 0.0193µg/mL to 2.415µg/mL.The most potent phycotoxin was azaspiracids-3(AZA3;with a LC_(50)of 0.0193µg/mL),followed by azaspiracids-2(AZA2;0.0226µg/mL),pectenotoxin-2(PTX2;0.0460µg/mL)and dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1;0.0818µg/mL).For the binary exposure,okadaic acid(OA)induced potential additive effects with DTX1,probably due to their similar structure(polyether fatty acid)and mode of action(attacking the serine/threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases).On the other hand,OA showed potential antagonistic effects with PTX2,which might be accounted for by their activation on the detoxification activity of cytochrome P450 activity.In addition,DTX1 induced potential synergetic effects with saxitoxin(STX),yessotoxin(YTX)or PTX2,suggesting the hazard potency of the mixtures of DTX1 and other phycotoxins(like STX,YTX and PTX2)with regard to the ecological risk.These results provide valuable toxicological data for assessing the impact of phycotoxins on marine planktonic species and highlight the potential ecological risk of toxic HABs in marine ecosystems.

FgGyp8 as a putative FgRab1 GAP is required for growth and pathogenesis by regulating FgSnc1-mediated secretory vesicles fusion in Fusarium graminearum

Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogenic fungus that causes disease and yield reduction in many cereal crops, such as wheat and barley. Gyp8 stimulates GTP hydrolysis on Ypt1 in yeast. However, the functions of Gyp8 in plant pathogenic fungi are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of Fg Gyp8 in F. graminearum by genetic and pathological analyses. Through gene knockout and phenotypic analyses, we found that Fg Gyp8 is required for vegetative growth in F. graminearum. The conidiation, conidial size and number of septa per conidium of ΔFggyp8 mutant are significantly reduced when compared to the wild type PH-1. Furthermore, Fg Gyp8 is crucial for pathogenicity on wheat coleoptiles and wheat heads. Fg Gyp8 contains a conserved TBC domain. Domain deletion analysis showed that the TBC domain, C-and N-terminal regions of Fg Gyp8 are all important for its biological functions in F. graminearum. Moreover, we showed that Fg Gyp8 catalyzes the hydrolysis of the GTP on Fg Rab1 to GDP in vitro, indicating that Fg Gyp8 is a GTPase-activating protein(GAP) for Fg Rab1. In addition, we demonstrated that Fg Gyp8 is required for Fg Snc1-mediated fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane in F. graminearum. Finally, we showed that Fg Gyp8 has functional redundancy with another Fg Rab1 GAP, Fg Gyp1, in F. graminearum. Taken together, we conclude that Fg Gyp8 is required for vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, pathogenicity and acts as a GAP for Fg Rab1 in F. graminearum.

Rice ferredoxin OsFd4 contributes to oxidative stress tolerance but compromises defense against blight bacteria

Ferredoxins(Fds)in plastids are the most upstream stromal electron receptors shuttling electrons to downstream metabolic systems and function in various physiological processes of dicots,but their roles in monocots’response to stresses are still unclear.In this study,the functions of OsFd4,the major non-photosynthetic type Fd in rice,were characterized under oxidative stress and Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)infection.OsFd4-knockout mutants displayed no defects in key agronomic traits and blast resistance,but were more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)treatment than the wild type.Transient expression of OsFd4 alleviated H2O2-induced rice cell death,suggesting that OsFd4 contributes to rice tolerance to exogenous oxidative stress.Deletion of OsFd4 enhanced rice immune responses against Xoo.OsFd4 formed a complex in vivo with itself and OsFd1,the major photosynthetic Fd in rice,and OsFd1 transcripts were increased in leaf and root tissues of the OsFd4-knockout mutants.These results indicate that OsFd4 is involved in regulating rice defense against stresses and interplays with OsFd1.

Histone H3K27me3 methylation regulates the expression of secreted proteins distributed at fast-evolving regions through transcriptional repression of transposable elements

The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of these genes remain largely unknown.Here,through comparative transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)analyses of the methyltransferase PoKmt6 in rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae(syn.Magnaporthe oryzae),we found that PoKmt6-mediated H3K27me3 deposition was enriched mainly at fast-evolving regions and contributed to the silencing of a subset of secreted proteins(SP)and transposable element(TE)families during the vegetative growth of P.oryzae.Intriguingly,we observed that a group of SP genes,which were depleted of H3K27me3 modification,could also be silenced via the H3K27me3-mediated repression of the nearby TEs.In conclusion,our results indicate that H3K27me3 modification mediated by PoKmt6 regulates the expression of some SP genes in fast-evolving regions through the suppression of nearby TEs.

Data secure transmission intelligent prediction algorithm for mobile industrial IoT networks

Mobile Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)applications have achieved the explosive growth in recent years.The mobile IIoT has flourished and become the backbone of the industry,laying a solid foundation for the interconnection of all things.The variety of application scenarios has brought serious challenges to mobile IIoT networks,which face complex and changeable communication environments.Ensuring data secure transmission is critical for mobile IIoT networks.This paper investigates the data secure transmission performance prediction of mobile IIoT networks.To cut down computational complexity,we propose a data secure transmission scheme employing Transmit Antenna Selection(TAS).The novel secrecy performance expressions are first derived.Then,to realize real-time secrecy analysis,we design an improved Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model,and propose an intelligent data secure transmission performance prediction algorithm.For mobile signals,the important features may be removed by the pooling layers.This will lead to negative effects on the secrecy performance prediction.A novel nine-layer improved CNN model is designed.Out of the input and output layers,it removes the pooling layer and contains six convolution layers.Elman,Back-Propagation(BP)and LeNet methods are employed to compare with the proposed algorithm.Through simulation analysis,good prediction accuracy is achieved by the CNN algorithm.The prediction accuracy obtains a 59%increase.

Quantitative analysis of collagen morphology in breast cancer from millimeter scale using multiphoton microscopy

The tumor microenvironment(TME)is now recognized as an important participant of tumor progression.As the most abundant extracellular matrix component in TME,collagen plays an important role in tumor development.The imaging study of collagen morphological feature in TME is of great significance for understanding the state of tumor.Multiphoton microscopy(MPM),based on second harmonic generation(SHG)and two-photon excitation fluorescence(TPEF),can be used to monitor the morphological changes of biological tissues without labeling.In this study,we used MPM for large-scale imaging of early invasive breast cancer from the tumor center to normal tissues far from the tumor.We found that there were signi¯cant di®erences in collagen morphology between breast cancer tumor boundary,near tumor transition region and normal tissues far from the tumor.Furthermore,the morphological feature of eight collagen¯bers was extracted to quantify the variation trend of collagen in three regions.These results may provide a new perspective for the optimal negative margin width of breast-conserving surgery and the understanding of tumor metastasis.

Chromosome-scale genome sequence of Suaeda glauca sheds light on salt stress tolerance in halophytes

Soil salinity is a growing concern for global crop production and the sustainable development of humanity.Therefore,it is crucial to comprehend salt tolerance mechanisms and identify salt-tolerance genes to enhance crop tolerance to salt stress.Suaeda glauca,a halophyte species well adapted to the seawater environment,possesses a unique ability to absorb and retain high salt concentrations within its cells,particularly in its leaves,suggesting the presence of a distinct mechanism for salt tolerance.In this study,we performed de novo sequencing of the S.glauca genome.The genome has a size of 1.02 Gb(consisting of two sets of haplotypes)and contains 54761 annotated genes,including alleles and repeats.Comparative genomic analysis revealed a strong synteny between the genomes of S.glauca and Beta vulgaris.Of the S.glauca genome,70.56%comprises repeat sequences,with retroelements being the most abundant.Leveraging the allele-aware assembly of the S.glauca genome,we investigated genome-wide allele-specific expression in the analyzed samples.The results indicated that the diversity in promoter sequences might contribute to consistent allele-specific expression.Moreover,a systematic analysis of the ABCE gene families shed light on the formation of S.glauca’s flower morphology,suggesting that dysfunction of A-class genes is responsible for the absence of petals in S.glauca.Gene family expansion analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of Gene Ontology(GO)terms associated with DNA repair,chromosome stability,DNA demethylation,cation binding,and red/far-red light signaling pathways in the co-expanded gene families of S.glauca and S.aralocaspica,in comparison with glycophytic species within the chenopodium family.Time-course transcriptome analysis under salt treatments revealed detailed responses of S.glauca to salt tolerance,and the enrichment of the transition-upregulated genes in the leaves associated with DNA repair and chromosome stability,lipid biosynthetic process,and isoprenoid metabolic process.Additionally,genome-wide analysis of transcription factors indicated a significant expansion of FAR1 gene family.However,further investigation is needed to determine the exact role of the FAR1 gene family in salt tolerance in S.glauca.

The arms race between Magnaporthe oryzae and rice: Diversity and interaction of Avr and R genes

Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, threatens global food security. The rice blast pathosystem is a longstanding model system for understanding plant-microbe interactions. In order to elucidate the coevolution of the host and pathogen, and provide the appropriate methods for preventing or controlling rice blast disease, researchers have focused on the evolution of virulence factors and resistance genes. Thus far, more than 30 rice blast resistance（R） genes and 12 avirulence（Avr） genes have been cloned. This review summarizes the cloned rice blast R genes, cloned Avr genes of M. oryzae and the interaction between them. This discussion also considers some of the major unanswered questions concerning this pathosystem and the opportunities for future investigations.

Environmental Factors Affecting Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Soil Erosion in Xingguo County, South China

By using soil erosion maps of four different time periods and a digital elevation model (DEM), in combination withthe remote sensing and GIS technologies, soil erosion dynamics in Xingguo County of Jiangxi Province in South Chinawere analyzed on both temporal and spatial scales in soils of different parent materials, altitudes and slopes. The resultsshowed that from 1958 to 2000 severe soil erosion was coming under control with a decreasing percentage of the land undersevere erosion. It was also found that the soils developed from Quaternary red clay, granite and purple shale were moresusceptible to soil erosion and that areas sitting between 200 to 500 m in altitude with a slope less than 3° or between7° to 20° where human activities were frequent remained to be zones where soil erosion was most likely to occur. Theseareas deserve special attention in monitoring and controlling.

Far-field vector-diffraction of off-axis parabolic mirror under oblique incidence

Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-diffraction properties of an offaxis parabolic mirror in the presence of misalignments of the incoming beam. The physical origin of these effects is also explored. The results show that the far-field intensity profile is altered by the distortion-, coma-, and astigmatism-like aberrations, which are caused by oblique incidence rather than inherent aberrations for the off-axis configuration. The radius of 90% encircled energy also increases but does not change monotonically with incident beam size increasing, or rather,it first decreases and then increases. The focal shift strongly depends on the effective focal length and oblique incidence angle, but it is almost independent of the beam size, which affects the focusing spot patterns. The intensity distribution produces a higher astigmatic image with off-axis angle increasing. Coma-like aberration starts to become dominant with beam size increasing and results in larger curved propagation trajectory. The incident polarization also affects the intensity distribution. The variation in the Strehl ratio with oblique incidence angle strongly depends on the misalignment direction and beam size as well. In addition, we find that the difference in locus between the catacaustic and the diffraction focus in the meridian is small. But the locus of the sagittal foci is obviously different from the locus of the meridian foci and the catacaustic focus. Moreover, the peak intensity of the sagittal focus is maximum, and the ratio of the peak intensity to that in the meridian plane is approximately 1.5. Understanding these effects is valuable for assessing a practical focused intensity and describing the motion of charged particles under a strong electric field in ultraintense laser–matter interaction.

Downregulation of KCTD12 contributes to melanoma stemness by modulating CD271

Objective: Cancer metastasis remains the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide.In a previous study, we found that levels of BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD12 are lower in metastatic melanoma cells than in parental melanoma cells.The purpose of this study was to identify the roles of KCTD12 in cancer metastasis.Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) datasets were used to evaluate the relationship between KCTD12 and skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM) prognosis.The effects of endogenous KCTD12 on biological behaviors were examined using the MTT assay.The impacts of KCTD12 on melanoma stemness were explored using spheroid formation assay.KCTD12 knockout A375 cells were generated to confirm the inhibitory effect of KCTD12 on CD271, and a mouse metastatic model was used to determine the impact of KCTD12 on melanoma metastasis in vivo.Results: KCTD12 levels were lower in lung metastatic cells than in paired parental melanoma cells, and low KCTD12 expression indicated a poor prognosis in SKCM.Cancer metastasis-related capacities were higher in lung metastatic cells than in parental melanoma cells.Moreover, KCTD12 knockdown enhanced tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically, the interaction between KCTD12 and CD271 might be responsible for the stemness transformation after KCTD12 knockdown.Conclusions: This study identifies for the first time the role of the interaction between KCTD12 and CD271 in inducing melanoma cell stemness transformation.Moreover, KCTD12 repression enhances melanoma cell growth, adhesion, migration and invasion.