Peripartum Hysterectomy in Misan Province during 2014-2016

Background: Peripartum hysterectomy is the procedure of removing the uterus after vaginal delivery or cesarean birth;it remains a life-saving procedure in cases of severe uterine hemorrhage. Objective: To know the incidence of peripartum hysterectomy in Misan province, what is the main cause of this procedure, and if there is any change in the incidence of this procedure during a 3 year study period. Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was done in Misan province for all cases of peripartum hysterectomy during the period from 2014-2016. All information regarding present pregnancy, previous obstetric history, the cause of peripartum hysterectomy, any complications & infant outcome, were taken from the case sheet & from the patients themselves. 50 patients were enrolled in this study, and only 30 patients needed peripartum hysterectomy and 20 patients’ uterus were saved by repair surgery. Results: During the study period of 3 years, there was 72,720 deliveries, and during that time 30 peripartum hysterectomies were carried out of the 50 cases studied, which gave an incidence of 0.4/1000 deliveries. The patients were diagnosed as: rupture uterus in 30 (60%) cases, adherent placenta in 14 (28%) & 6 (12%) cases had atonic uterus. The major postoperative complication was anemia which complicated 23 (46%) cases, & then bladder injury 5 (10%). Admission to ICU was needed for 24 (48%) cases. There were 32 (64%) cases needed ≥4 units of blood transfusion. There were 38 (76%) cases stayed in hospital for ≥4 days. The most common cause for peripartum hysterectomy was for adherent placenta (28%) & rupture uterus (20%). Conclusion: The incidence of peripartum hysterectomy was 0.4/1000 (0.04%) deliveries. The most common reason behind peripartum hysterectomy was for adherent placenta and next was for uterine rupture. The rate of this procedure was not changed during the study period.

<i>In Vitro</i>Chromosomal Aberration Frequency by Electrofishing on <i>Poecilia latipinna</i>(Sailfin Molly) Fishes in Southern of Iraq

The present studies describe Chromosomal aberration effects of electrofishing, which were evaluated on Poecilia latipinna, located in Shat Al-Arab river in Al-garmma city (south of Iraq). The electrofishing derive used in work is simulated to that used in the commercial fishing. The apparatus generates voltage ranged from 40 to 280 volts. Nine bearers of Poecilia latipinna sailfin molly fish in chromosomal analysis were divided into three treatments. The first were a control, the fishes of the second were exposed to 110 volts (10 seconds), and final groups were exposed to 110 volts (15 seconds). Mitotic index of the electrofishing with a control for each group decreased with increasing exposed time in somatic cell kidney tissue of Poecilia latipinna. The chromosome aberration analysis revealed a significant increase in the most frequent aberration per 150 metaphase in analyzed groups (1.33 in T1 groups, 39.33 in T2 groups) was chromosome break, fragment, range chromosome, Sticky chromosome mean, were higher in comparison to non exposed electrical shock fishing groups (control groups T1). At the same time, it showed a higher positive correlation of total chromosome aberration frequencies between T1 and T2 groups, while, all fishes died in T3 groups. According to our results, we represented the first record in Iraq.

Novel Planar Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications

Miniaturization and compact Novel printed planar monopole antenna line feed three half semi-elliptical （3HSE） with similar ground plane is presented, design, simulation, fabrication and tasted experimentally for Ultra-Wideband （UWB） communication application especially for WLAN and HIPERLAN/2 WLAN. Generating original planar antenna has been investigated to be an effect the combine geometry shapes of the radiation element part with the same geometry shapes of the slots in the ground plane. The prototype antenna is etched on a Roger TMM4 substrate with the size 25×25× 1.575 mm3 and optimized to operate over frequency band from 3.6-20 GHz, （BW 16.5 GHz）, （FBW is 〉 140.42%）. The simulation and measuring results have a good agreement, large bandwidth and radiation pattern behavior an omni-directional with stable gain rich to 5 dB.

Miniaturization Planar Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications

Miniaturization and compact printed planar monopole antenna coplanar Waveguide CPW/microstrip feed line three half semi-circular （3HSC） with similar ground plane is presented, design, simulation, fabrication and tested experimentally for Ultra-Wideband （UWB） eommnnication application especially for WLAN and HIPERLAN/2 WLAN. The antenna design has a far from the traditional antennas such as a rectangular, circular, elliptical etc. Generating original planar antenna has been investigated to be an effect the combine geometry shapes of the radiation element part with the same geometry shapes of the slots in the ground plane. The simulation and measuring results have a good agreement, large bandwidth and radiation pattern behavior an omni-directional with stable gain has been obtained.

Dental Erosion by Beverages and Determination of Trace Elements in Teeth by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

The analysis of trace elements in human tooth for use as biomarkers continues to generate considerable interest in environmental and bioanalytical studies, medical diagnostic and forensic science. This study investigated concentrations of essential and toxic elements (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co and Cd) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and (Na and K) flame atomic emission spectroscopy (FAES) in human tooth obtained from Misan province, Iraq. The influence of smoking habits and born children on the levels of trace elements in additional to dental erosion by some beverages in the tooth samples were investigated. The overall of mean concentrations of (Zn 185.2 ppm, Cu 36.11 ppm, Pb 18.63 ppm, Ni 13.44 ppm, Co 3.45 ppm, and Cd 0.58 ppm, Na 11.683 ppm and K 115.27 ppm), (Zn 178.243 ppm, Cu 35.877 ppm, Pb 15.64 ppm, Ni 12.89 ppm, Co 3.421 ppm, Cd 0.455 ppm, Na 11,558.04 ppm and K 114.04 ppm) in smokers and non-smokers tooth groups respectively, (Zn 81.12 ppm, Cu 24.37 ppm, Pb 11.18 ppm, Ni 13.68 ppm, Co 3.32 ppm, Cd 0.44 ppm, Na 8227 ppm and K 76.42 ppm), (Zn 80.58 ppm, Cu 24.30 ppm, Pb 10.86 ppm, Ni 12.74 ppm, Co 2.71 ppm, Cd 0.23 ppm, Na 8165 ppm and K 72.80 ppm) in mothers and wives tooth groups respectively. However the w/w% loss of tooth immersed in following order of beverages (green tea, black tea, cinnamon, hibiscus, vinegar and citrus aurantifolia (9.09, 9.68, 12.36, 15.01, 16.77 and 17.38), (8.19, 8.25, 9.76, 13.37, 14.02 and 15.33) in smokers and non-smokers groups respectively, (11.25, 11.47, 13.30, 15.75, 19.58, and 20.91), (8.31, 7.96, 11.39, 13.49, 17.40, and 17.67) in mothers and wives groups respectively. However, there is a statistically significant variance found Zn (tcal 5.029, ttab 2.131), Pb (tcal 4.8538, ttab 2.131), Ni (tcal 5.243, ttab 2.131), Cd (tcal 3.9062, ttab 2.131) and Na (tcal 3.0832, ttab 2.131) between smokers and non-smokers tooth groups. However, the Co (tcal 2.7403, ttab 2.131) also shows statistically significant variance between mothers and wives groups. There is no statistically significant variance in w/w% loss after immersed the tooth in some beverages but in general it was higher in smokers than non-smokers and in mothers higher than wives.

Effect of Ultrasound on the Pseudoelasticity of Shape Memory Alloys

The paper aims to develop a model describing the ultrasound-assisted pseudoelastic deformation of shape memory alloys. Experimental results record that acoustic energy reduces the value of stresses needed to induce pseudoelastic deformation (martensitic transformation). At the same time, the ultrasound-assisted deforming develops with a more significant strain hardening. The model presented here is based on the synthetic theory of inelastic deformation. To catch the phenomena caused by acoustic energy, we enter into the basic equation of the synthetic theory terms reflecting the effect of ultrasound on the processes governing the peculiarities of pseudoelastic deformation in the acoustic field. The analytical results fit good experimental data.

Review on Partial Discharge Detection Techniques Related to High Voltage Power Equipment Using Different Sensors

When operating an equipment or a power system at the high voltage, problems associated with partial discharge （PD） can be tracked down to electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission or chemical reactions such as the formation of ozone and nitrous oxide gases. The high voltage equipment and high voltage installation owners have come to terms with the need for conditions monitoring the^process of PD in the equipments such as power transformers, gas insulated substations （GIS）, and cable installations. This paper reviews the available PD detection methods （involving high voltage equipment） such as electrical detection, chemical detection, acoustic detection, and optical detection. Advantages and disadvantages of each method have been explored and compared. The review suggests that optical detection techniques provide many advantages in the consideration of accuracy and suitability for the applications when compared to other techniques.