Fluorescence imaging analysis of the glioma microenvironment

Glioma is the most malignant brain cancer.The neurons,macrophages,T cells and other immune ellls constitute the glioma immunosuppressive microenvironment.The accurate spatial distri-bution of these cells in the glioma microenvironment and its relationship with glioma metastasis is unknown.We constructed a mouse gliomna cell line stably expressing the large Stokes shifted yellow fluorescent protein and applied it to the multicolor immunofluorescence imaging.The inaging data revealed that the neurons were sparsely distributed in the glioma core and the mumber of neurons decreased by 90%compared with normal brain site.The spatial distribution of monocyte-macrophages and microglia is heterogeneous.The monocyte macrophages and T cells were heavily recrnuited into the glioma core and metastasis.There was no significant difference in the distribution of microglia amnong glioma core,margin,and normal brain site.Our results provided new perspectives for targeting immune regulation cells and developing new immuno-therapy strategies for glioma.

Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers in the diagnostic assays of Alzheimer's disease

The anti-amyloid-j(anti-Aβ)fibrils and soluble oligomers antibody aducanumab were approved to effectively slow down the progression of A lzheimer's disease(AD)at higher doses in 2019,reaffirming the therapeutic effects of targeting the core pathology of AD.A timely and accurate diagnosis in the prodromal or pre-dementia stage of AD is essential for patient recruitment,stratifcation,and monitoring of treat ment effects.A D core biomarkers amyloid-B(Aβ1-42),total tau(t-tau),and phosphorylated tau(p-tau)have been clinically validated to reflect AD-type pathological changes through cerebrospinal fuid(CSF)measurement or positron-emission to-mography(PET)and found to have high diagnostic performance for AD identification in the stage of mild cognitive impairment.The development of ultrasensitive immunoassay technology enables AD pathological proteins such as tau and neurofilament light(NFL)to be measured in blood samples.However,combined biomarker detection or targeting multiple biomarkers in immunoassays will increase detection sensitivity and specifcity and improve diagnostic accuracy..This review summarizes and analyzes the performance of current detection methods for early diagnosis of AD,and provides a concept of detection method based on multiple biomarkers instead of a single target,which may become a potential tool for early diagnosis of AD in the future.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics:Part II

The 9th Chinese–Russian Workshop on Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics was held online on 28–30 September 2020.The bilateral workshop brought together both Russian and Chinese scientists,engineers,and clinical researchers from a variety of disciplines engaged in applying optical science,photonics,and imaging technologies to problems in biology and medicine.During the workshop,2 plenary lectures,35 invited presentations,5 oral presentations,and 8 internet reports were presented.This special issue selects some papers from the attendees and includes both research and review articles.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Advances in Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics

The 9th Chinese-Russian Workshop on Biopho-tonics and Biomedical Optics was held online on 28-30 September 2020.The bilateral workshop brought together both Russian and Chinese scientists,engineers,and clinical researchers from a variety of disciplines engaged in applying optical science,photonics,and imaging technologies to problems in biology and medicine.During the workshop,2 ple-nary lectures,35 invited presentations,5 oral pre-sentations,and 8 internet reports were presented.This special issue selects some papers from the attendees and includes both research and review articles.

Optical angiography for diabetes-induced pathological changes in microvascular structure and function:An overview

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a kind of metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to absolute or relative lack of insulin,leading to chronic damage of vasculature within various organ systems.These detrimental e®ects on the vascular networks will result in the development of various diseases associated with microvascular injury.Modern optical imaging techniques provide essential tools for accurate evaluation of the structural and functional changes of blood vessels down to capillaries level,which can o®er valuable insight on understanding the development of DM-associated complications and design of targeted therapy.This review will brie°y introduce the DM-induced structural and functional alterations of vasculature within di®erent organs such as skin,cerebrum and kidneys,as well as how novel optical imaging techniques facilitate the studies focusing on exploration of these pathological changes of vasculature caused by DM both in-vivo and ex-vivo.

Discrimination of cervical cancer cells via cognition-based features

Computer-assisted cervical screening is an effective method to save the doctors'workload and improve their work efficiency.Usually,the correct classification of cervical cells depends on the nuclear segmentation effect and the extraction of nuclear features.However,the precise nucleus segmentation remains a huge challenge,especially for densely distributed nucleus.Moreover,previous cellular classification methods are mostly based on morphological features of nucleus size or color.Those individual features can make accurate classification for severe lesions,but not for mild lesions.In this paper,we propose an accurate instance segmentation algorithm and propose cognition-based features to identify cervical cancer cells.Different from previous individual nucleus features,we also propose population features and cognition-based features according to the Bethesda System(TBS)for reporting cervical cytology and the diagnostic experience of the cytologists.The results showed that the segmentation achieves better success in complex situa-tions than that by traditional segmentation algorithms.Besides,the cell classification via cog-nition-based features also help us find out more about less severe lesions'nuclei than that based on conventional features of individual nucleus,meaning an improvement of classification accu-racy for cervical screening.