利用期刊品牌学术活动提升科技期刊国际影响力——以《Molecular Plant》为例

科技期刊是科学研究成果记录和传播的重要载体。越来越多的科技期刊都在重视品牌建设,紧密围绕科技期刊品牌举办具有影响力的学术活动已成为提升科技期刊品牌知名度和影响力的重要举措。本文介绍了国内外科技期刊举办的期刊品牌学术活动的现状,以《Molecular Plant》期刊为重点,介绍其近年来举办的层次分明的系列学术会议、在线论坛以及植物科学领域新星全球遴选等一系列具有独特优势的品牌活动的创办历程、目标和举办经验,分析举办期刊品牌学术活动的意义,探讨提升科技期刊国际影响力、加强与学术界连接、吸引优质稿源的有效方法。

Cassava Me RS40 is required for the regulation of plant salt tolerance

Soil salinity affects the expression of serine/arginine-rich(SR) genes and isoforms by alternative splicing, which in turn regulates the adaptation of plants to stress.We previously identified the cassava spliceosomal component 35 like(SCL) and SR subfamilies, belonging to the SR protein family, which are extensively involved in responses to abiotic stresses.However, the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of cassava arginine/serine-rich(RS) subfamily in response to salt stress remains to be explored.In the current study, we identified 37 genes of the RS subfamily from 11 plant species and systematically investigated the transcript levels of the RS40 and RS31 genes under diverse abiotic stress conditions.Subsequently, an analysis of the conserved protein domains revealed that plant RS subfamily genes were likely to preserve their conserved molecular functions and played critical functional roles in responses to abiotic stresses.Importantly, we found that overexpression of MeRS40 in Arabidopsis enhanced salt tolerance by maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis and up-regulating the salt-responsive genes.However,overexpression of MeRS40 gene in cassava reduced salt tolerance due to the depression of its endogenous gene expression by negative autoregulation of its own pre-mRNA.Moreover, the MeRS40 protein interacted with MeU1-70Ks(MeU1-70Ka and MeU1-70Kb) in vivo and in vitro, respectively.Therefore, our findings highlight the critical role of cassava SR proteins in responses to salt stress in plants.

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) lipid metabolism pathway modulated by tea field microbe (Colletotrichum camelliae) to promote disease

Tea is one of the most popular healthy and non-alcoholic beverages worldwide.Tea anthracnose is a disease in tea mature leaves and ultimately affects yield and quality.Colletotrichum camelliae is a dominant fungal pathogen in the tea field that infects tea plants in China.The pathogenic factors of fungus and the susceptible factors in the tea plant are not known.In this work,we performed molecular and genetic studies to observe a cerato-platanin protein CcCp1 from C.camelliae,which played a key role in fungal pathogenicity.CcCp1 mutants lost fungal virulence and reduced the ability to produce conidia.Transcriptome and metabolome were then performed and analysed in tea-susceptible and tea-resistant cultivars,Longjing 43 and Zhongcha 108,upon C.camelliae wild-type CCA andCcCp1 infection,respectively.The differentially expressed genes and the differentially accumulated metabolites in tea plants were clearly overrepresented such as linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,phenylalanine biosynthesis and metabolism,biosynthesis of f lavonoid,f lavone and f lavonol etc.In particular,the accumulation of jasmonic acid was significantly increased in the susceptible cultivar Longjing 43 upon CCA infection,in the fungal CcCp1 protein dependent manner,suggesting the compound involved in regulating fungal infection.In addition,other metabolites in the glycerophospholipid and phenylalanine pathway were observed in the resistant cultivar Zhongcha 108 upon fungal treatment,suggesting their potential role in defense response.Taken together,this work indicated C.camelliae CcCp1 affected the tea plant lipid metabolism pathway to promote disease while the lost function of CcCp1 mutants altered the fungal virulence and plant response.

A Novel Mechanism Underlying the Coordination of Plant Growth and Salt Stress Response

Salt stress is a major environmental stress that threats crop growth and yield.It is of great significance to study the molecular genetic network of plants in response to salt stress and to cultivate salt-tolerant crop varieties for national food security.A study published in Nature Plants,Dr.ZHAO Chunzhao’s group from the CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences(CEMPS),Chinese Academy of Science,uncovers a novel mechanism underlying the coordination of plant growth and salt tolerance in plants.

基于YOLOv5m和CBAM-CPN的单分蘖水稻表型参数提取

为快速获取单分蘖水稻植株的形态结构和表型参数,该研究提出了一种基于目标检测和关键点检测模型相结合的骨架提取和表型参数获取方法。该方法基于目标检测模型生成穗、茎秆、叶片的边界框和类别,将所得数据分别输入到关键点检测模型检测各部位关键点,按照语义信息依次连接关键点形成植株骨架,依据关键点坐标计算穗长度、茎秆长度、叶片长度、叶片-茎秆夹角4种表型参数。首先,构建单分蘖水稻的关键点检测和目标检测数据集;其次,训练Faster R-CNN、YOLOv3、YOLOv5s、YOLOv5m目标检测模型,经过对比,YOLOv5m的检测效果最好,平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)达到91.17%;然后,应用人体姿态估计的级联金字塔网络(cascaded pyramid network,CPN)提取植株骨架,并引入注意力机制CBAM(convolutional block attention module)进行改进,与沙漏网络(hourglass networks,HN)、堆叠沙漏网络模型(stacked hourglass networks,SHN)和CPN模型相比,CBAM-CPN模型的预测准确率分别提高了9.68、8.83和1.06个百分点,达到94.75%,4种表型参数的均方根误差分别为1.06 cm、0.81 cm、1.25 cm和2.94°。最后,结合YOLOv5m和CBAM-CPN进行预测,4种表型参数的均方根误差分别为1.48、1.05、1.74cm和2.39°,与SHN模型相比,误差分别减小1.65 cm、3.43 cm、2.65 cm和4.75°,生成的骨架基本能够拟合单分蘖水稻植株的形态结构。所提方法可以提高单分蘖水稻植株的关键点检测准确率,更准确地获取植株骨架和表型参数,有助于加快水稻的育种和改良。

PB试验结合BBD响应面法优化纳豆γ-聚谷氨酸发酵条件

为探究发酵纳豆γ-聚谷氨酸(poly-γ-glutamic acid,γ-PGA)产量和感官品质的最佳发酵条件,本实验以纳豆发酵后的γ-PGA产量和感官评价的综合评分为指标,利用单因素实验、Plackett-Burman试验设计、最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken响应面法优化纳豆发酵工艺。确定纳豆的最佳发酵条件为:大豆浸泡pH7.2,发酵温度37.10℃,发酵时间24.20 h,接种量4.00%,装瓶量19.90%,在此优化条件下,γ-PGA产量达3.65 mg/g,感官评分为31.67,综合评分为10.04,实验结果与模型预测值无显著性差异,稳定可靠。

植物类胡萝卜素的代谢调控及储存转运研究进展

类胡萝卜素是植物体内广泛存在的一类天然色素,一般由8个异戊二烯单元首尾相连而成的C40萜类化合物及其衍生物组成。在植物中,类胡萝卜素除了赋予植物器官呈色以外,在体内还执行着多项重要的生物学功能。近年来,虽然类胡萝卜素生物合成途径较为清晰,但是类胡萝卜素的代谢调控以及在体内的储存和转运机制还不明确。本文简要概述了类胡萝卜素的生物合成、代谢调控、储存定位和萜类物质转运蛋白等方面的研究进展,总结了介导类胡萝卜素转运的分子及鉴定转运体的方法,以期为研究类胡萝卜素的合成和转运提供参考。

虎耳草属的资源分类及育种进展

虎耳草属(Saxifraga Tourn. ex L.)资源丰富且分布广泛,全球有440~500个种,其分类一直受到植物学家的关注。该属具有重要的观赏和药用价值,欧洲多国非常重视其观赏资源的开发利用。虎耳草属的品种培育距今已有150多年的历史,到2022年国际虎耳草协会(The Saxifrage Society)网站收录了1 692个品种,但只有1个品种来自中国。可见,我国虽然是虎耳草属的多样性中心之一,但对其观赏资源的开发利用远远落后于欧美甚至日本。该文从虎耳草属的种质资源、分类概况、育种进展等方面进行综述,并简要介绍该属资源的利用现状,为今后我国虎耳草属的分类、育种及应用提供借鉴。结果表明:(1)虎耳草种质资源丰富,但属下系统演化关系仍存在诸多问题,有待整合形态和系统发育学手段开展系统而深入的研究。(2)该属品种主要通过杂交育种和变异筛选的方式育成,英国、捷克共和国、德国、荷兰为培育品种最多的国家。(3)我国对该属的品种选育工作起步晚,育成品种少且育种方式单一。

基于茎段外植体的茶树组培苗快繁技术研究

【目的】目前,茶树组培苗繁育存在诱导出芽效率不高、繁殖系数较低等问题。因此,为提高茶树种质资源保存繁育效率,丰富保存手段与技术,建立一种高效、快速、实用的基于茎段外植体的茶树组织培养高效快繁技术体系非常必要。【方法】选用来自安徽省六安市舒城县鲍家村群体种的一个国家级品种‘报春1号’作为研究试材,对该品种进行组织培养快繁技术的探索,包括消毒、定芽诱导、不定芽诱导(I期和II期)、芽伸长、以及生根等阶段。【结果】离体快繁:最佳定芽诱导培养基为MS+3 mg·L^(-1)6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA),诱导率达82.2%;不定芽增殖I期最佳培养基为MS基础培养基(MS)+2 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+0.2 mg·L^(-1)萘乙酸(NAA),诱导率为77.78%,平均芽数为5.4个;不定芽增殖II期最佳培养基为MS+1 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+0.3 mg·L^(-1)NAA+2 mg·L^(-1)噻苯隆(TDZ),诱导芽数最多(平均值为10.43个),芽苗呈绿色,叶片舒展;不定芽伸长最佳培养基为MS+0.8 mg·L^(-1)6-BA+0.08 mg·L^(-1)NAA,伸长率为63.33%;不定根诱导培养基以1/2MS培养基+3 mg·L^(-1)IBA效果较佳。【结论】本研究结果建立了一种基于茎段外植体的茶树组织培养高效快繁技术,将对优良茶树品种的保存繁育及其高效利用提供理论基础。

Across two phylogeographic breaks: Quaternary evolutionary history of a mountain aspen (Populus rotundifolia) in the Hengduan Mountains

Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography.In East Asia,plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks,the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,however,few studies have investigated how these barriers affect the genetic diversity of species that are distributed across both.Here we used 14 microsatellite loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments to examine genetic diversity and distribution patterns of 49 populations of Populus rotundifolia,a species that spans both the Mekong-Salween Divide and the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line in southwestern China.Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches.Limited historical gene flow was observed between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia,but substantial flow occurred across both the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,manifesting in clear admixture and high genetic diversity in the central group.Wind-borne pollen and seeds may have facilitated the dispersal of P.rotundifolia following prevalent northwest winds in the spring.We also found that the Hengduan Mountains,where multiple genetic barriers were detected,acted on the whole as a barrier between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia.Ecological niche modeling suggested that P.rotundifolia has undergone range expansion since the last glacial maximum,and demographic reconstruction indicated an earlier population expansion around 600 Ka.The phylogeographic pattern of P.rotundifolia reflects the interplay of biological traits,wind patterns,barriers,niche differentiation,and Quaternary climate history.This study emphasizes the need for multiple lines of evidence in understanding the Quaternary evolution of plants in topographically complex areas.

Conservation genomic investigation of an endangered conifer,Thuja sutchuenensis,reveals low genetic diversity but also low genetic load

Endangered species generally have small populations with low genetic diversity and a high genetic load.Thuja sutchuenensis is an endangered conifer endemic to southwestern China.It was once considered extinct in the wild,but in 1999 was rediscovered.However,little is known about its genetic load.We collected 67 individuals from five wild,isolated T.sutchuenensis populations,and used 636,151 SNPs to analyze the level of genetic diversity and genetic load in T.sutchuenensis to delineate the conservation units of T.sutchuenensis,based on whole transcriptome sequencing data,as well as target capture sequencing data.We found that populations of T.sutchuenensis could be divided into three groups.These groups had low levels genetic diversity and were moderately genetically differentiated.Our findings also indicate that T.sutchuenensis suffered two severe bottlenecks around the Last Glaciation Period and Last Glacial Maximum.Among Thuja species,T.sutchuenensis presented the lowest genetic load and hence might have purged deleterious mutations efficiently through purifying selection.However,distribution of fitness effects analysis indicated a high extinction risk for T.sutchuenensis.Multiple lines of evidence identified three management units for T.sutchuenensis.Although T.sutchuenensis possesses a low genetic load,low genetic diversity,suboptimal fitness,and anthropogenic pressures all present an extinction risk for this rare conifer.This might also hold true for many endangered plant species in the mountains all over the world.

Global characterization of OsPIP aquaporins reveals that the H_(2)O_(2)transporter OsPIP2;6 increases resistance to rice blast

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and abiotic stress.To elucidate their roles in plant immunity to pathogen attack,we characterized the expression patterns,subcellular localizations,and H_(2)O_(2)-transport ability of 11 OsPIPs in rice(Oryza sativa),and identified OsPIP2;6 as necessary for rice disease resistance.OsPIP2;6 resides on the plasma membrane and facilitates cytoplasmic import of the immune signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2).Knockout of OsPIP2;6 increases rice susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae,indicating a positive function in plant immunity.OsPIP2;6 interacts with OsPIP2;2,which has been reported to increase rice resistance to pathogens via H_(2)O_(2)transport.Our findings suggest that OsPIP2;6 cooperates with OsPIP2;2 as a defense signal transporter complex during plant–pathogen interaction.

合成生物学在中药现代化中的应用

中药以药用植物为主,在我国已有数千年的应用历史,为中华民族的健康与繁衍做出了重要贡献。中药的活性成分是中药发挥功效的物质基础,明确中药中的活性成分组成并建立各活性成分的绿色、低成本获取技术是推进中药现代化的关键。随着合成生物学的发展及其在植物天然化合物绿色制造领域中的应用,合成生物技术不仅为中药活性成分的绿色、低成本、规模化生产提供了新途径,也将为明确中药的活性成分组成及其药效机制提供技术支撑与物质基础。本文以青蒿素、人参皂苷和淫羊藿素等中药活性成分的合成生物技术开发与应用为例,探讨合成生物学在推动中药现代化进程中的作用。

MAP kinase gene STK1 is required for hyphal, conidial, and appressorial development, toxin biosynthesis, pathogenicity, and hypertonic stress response in the plant pathogenic fungus Setosphaeria turcica

The mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）, a key signal transduction component in the MAPK cascade pathway, regulates a variety of physiological activities in eukaryotes. However, little is known of the role MAPK plays in phytopathogenic fungi. In this research, we cloned the MAPK gene STK1 from the northern corn leaf blight pathogen Setosphaeria turcica and found that the gene shared high homology with the high osmolality glycerol （HOG） MAPK gene HOG1 of Saccharomy- ces cerevisiae. In addition, gene knockout technology was employed to investigate the function of STKI. Gene knockout mutants （KOs） were found to have altered hyphae morphology and no conidiogenesis, though they did show similar radial growth rate compared to the wild-type strain （WT）. Furthermore, microscope observations indicated that STK1 KOs did not form normal appressoria at 48 h post-inoculation on a hydrophobic surface. STK1 KOs had reduced virulence, a significantly altered Helminthosporium turcicum （HT）-toxin composition, and diminished pathogenicity on the leaves of susceptible inbred corn OH43. Mycelium morphology appeared to be significantly swollen and the radial growth rates of STK1 KOs declined in comparison with WT under high osmotic stress. These results suggested that STK1 affects the hyphae development, conidiogenesis, and pathogenicity of S. turcica by regulating appressorium development and HT-toxin biosynthesis. Moreover, the gene appears to be involved in the hypertonic stress response in S. turcica.

CsbZIP1-CsMYB12 mediates the production of bitter-tasting flavonols in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) through a coordinated activator–repressor network

Under high light conditions or UV radiation,tea plant leaves produce more flavonols,which contribute to the bitter taste of tea;however,neither the flavonol biosynthesis pathways nor the regulation of their production are well understood.Intriguingly,tea leaf flavonols are enhanced by UV-B but reduced by shading treatment.CsFLS,CsUGT78A14,CsMYB12,and CsbZIP1 were upregulated by UV-B radiation and downregulated by shading.CsMYB12 and CsbZIP1 bound to the promoters of CsFLS and CsUGT78A14,respectively,and activated their expression individually.CsbZIP1 positively regulated CsMYB12 and interacted with CsMYB12,which specifically activated flavonol biosynthesis.Meanwhile,CsPIF3 and two MYB repressor genes,CsMYB4 and CsMYB7,displayed expression patterns opposite to that of CsMYB12.CsMYB4 and CsMYB7 bound to CsFLS and CsUGT78A14 and repressed their CsMYB12-activated expression.While CsbZIP1 and CsMYB12 regulated neither CsMYB4 nor CsMYB7,CsMYB12 interacted with CsbZIP1,CsMYB4,and CsMYB7,but CsbZIP1 did not physically interact with CsMYB4 or CsMYB7.Finally,CsPIF3 bound to and activated CsMYB7 under shading to repress flavonol biosynthesis.These combined results suggest that UV activation and shading repression of flavonol biosynthesis in tea leaves are coordinated through a complex network involving CsbZIP1 and CsPIF3 as positive MYB activators and negative MYB repressors,respectively.The study thus provides insight into the regulatory mechanism underlying the production of bitter-tasting flavonols in tea plants.

Molecular regulation and genetic control of rice thermal response

Global warming threatens food security.Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a vital food crop,is vulnerable to heat stress,especially at the reproductive stage.Here we summarize putative mechanisms of high-temperature perception(via RNA secondary structure,the phyB gene,and phase separation)and response(membrane fluidity,heat shock factors,heat shock proteins,and ROS(reactive oxygen species)scavenging)in plants.We describe how rice responds to heat stress at different cell-component levels(membrane,endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplasts,and mitochondria)and functional levels(denatured protein elimination,ROS scavenging,stabilization of DNA and RNA,translation,and metabolic flux changes).We list temperature-sensitive genetic male sterility loci available for use in rice hybrid breeding and explain the regulatory mechanisms associated with some of them.Breeding thermotolerant rice species without yield penalties via natural alleles mining and transgenic editing should be the focus of future work.

Effects of taxon sampling on molecular dating for within-genus divergence events,when deep fossils are used for calibration

A universal method of molecular dating that can be applied to all families and genera regardless of their fossil records, or lack thereof, is highly desirable. A possible method for eudicots is to use a large phylogeny calibrated using deep fossils including tricolpate pollen as a fixed （124 mya） calibration point. This method was used to calculate node ages within three species-poor disjunct basal eudicot genera, Caulophyllum, Podophyllum and Pachysandra, and sensitivity of these ages to effects such as taxon sampling were then quantified. By deleting from one to three accessions related to each genus in 112 different combinations, a confidence range describing variation due only to taxon sampling was generated. Ranges for Caulophyllum, Podophyllum and Pachysandra were 8.4-10.6, 7.6-20.0, and 17.6-25.0 mya, respectively. However, the confidence ranges calculated using bootstrapping were much wider, at 3-19, 0-32 and 11-32 mya, respectively. Furthermore, deleting 10 adjacent taxa had a large effect in Pachysandra only, indicating that undersampling effects are significant among Buxales. Changes to sampling density in neighboring clades, or to the position of the fixed fossil calibration point had small to negligible effects. Non-parametric rate smoothing was more sensitive to taxon sampling effects than was penalized likelihood. The wide range for Podophyllum, compared to the other two genera, was probably due to a high degree of rate heterogeneity within this genus. Confidence ranges calculated by this method could be narrowed by sampling more individuals within the genus of interest, and by sequencing multiple DNA regions from all species in the phylogeny.

MORN motifs in plant PIPKs are involved in the regulation of subcellular localization and phospholipid binding

膜职业和识别连结(黎明) 的多重重复主题在植物 phosphatidylinositl 被检测单音的磷酸盐 kinase (PIPK ) ,在发信号 PI 的关键酶小径。结构的分析显示那所有 MORN 主题(与在 7-9 的范围的改变的数字),它动物一分享了高相同到那些,在N终点被定位并且顺序安排了,除了那些 OsPIPK1 和 AtPIPK7 ,在哪个最后黎明主题是由约 100 氨基酸的“岛”分开了其它区域,在植物 PIPK 揭示二种黎明安排的存在。通过采用基于酵母的 SMET (顺序指向膜) 系统, MORN 主题被显示出能指向熔化蛋白质到房间血浆膜,它是进一步的由熔化 MORN-GFP 蛋白质的表示证实了。经由删除研究的进一步详细的分析在 OsPIPK1 显示了 MORN 主题,和 104 氨基酸的“岛”区域涉及微分潜水艇的规定细胞的本地化,即血浆膜或原子核,熔化蛋白质。recombinant 黎明多肽的胖西方的污点分析,在 Escherichia 关口 i 表示了,显示出主题能强烈稍微绑在 PA 并且相对到 PI4P 和 PI (4,5 ) 的那黎明 P2。这些结果在机制上提供增进知识的提示代替底层绑定的细胞的本地化,以及规定,植物 PIPK。

Plant regeneration via protoplast electrofusion in cassava

Protoplast electrofusion between callus protoplasts of cultivar TMS60444 and mesophyll protoplasts of cultivar SC8 was performed as an approach for the genetic improvement of cassava.The fusion products were subsequently cultured in protoplast culture medium(TM2 G) with gradual dilution for approximately 1-2 months.Then the protoplast-derived compact calli were transferred to suspension culture medium(SH) for suspension culture.The cultured products developed successively into embryos,mature embryos,and shoots on somatic embryo emerging medium(MSN),embryo maturation medium(CMM),and shoot elongation medium(CEM),respectively.And the shoots were then rooted on Murashige and Skoog(1962) medium(MS).Sixty-six cell lines were obtained and 12 of them developed into plantlets.Based on assessment of ploidy level and chromosome counting,four of these plantlets were tetraploid and the remaining eight were diploid.Based on assessment of ploidy level and simple sequence repeat(SSR) analysis,nine tetraploid cell lines,one diploid variant plant line and nine variant cell lines were obtained.The diploid variant plant line and the nine variant cell lines all showed partial loss of genetic material compared to that of the parent TMS60444,based on SSR patterns.These results showed that some new germplasm of cassava were created.In this study,a protocol for protoplast electrofusion was developed and validated.Another important conclusion from this work is the confirmation of a viable protocol for the regeneration of plants from cassava protoplasts.Going forward,we hope to provide technical guidance for cassava tissue culture,and also provide some useful inspiration and reference for further genetic improvement of cassava.

Molecular Markers for Genetic Diversity Studies in African Leafy Vegetables

African leafy vegetables are becoming important crops in tackling nutrition and food security in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, since they provide important micronutrients and vitamins, and help resource-poor farm families bridge lean periods of food shortage. Genetic diversity studies are essential for crop improvement programmes as well as germplasm conservation efforts, and research on genetic diversity of these vegetables using molecular markers has been increasing over time. Diversity studies have evolved from the use of morphological and biochemical markers to molecular markers. Molecular markers provide valuable data, since they detect mostly selectively neutral variations at the DNA level. They are well established and their strengths and limitations have been described. New marker types are being developed from a combination of the strengths of the basic techniques to improve sensitivity, reproducibility, polymorphic information content, speed and cost. This review discusses the principles of some of the established molecular markers and their application to genetic diversity studies of African leafy vegetables with a main focus on the most common Solanum, Amaranthus, Cleome and Vigna species.