Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic, and Evolutionary Aspects of Heart Failure in the Medical Department at Gao Regional Hospital

Introduction: Heart failure is a major public health pandemic, particularly in Africa, where its prevalence continues to increase. In northern Mali, few data exist, hence the interest of this study with the objective of studying the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of Heart failure at the regional hospital of Gao. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study that took place from July 2022 to June 2023 in the medical department at Gao Hospital. Results: The hospital prevalence of heart failure was 44.1%. The mean age was 47.30 ± 20 years (range: 16-88). Hypertension was the most common with 46.1%, followed by a sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes with 18.2% and 8.3% respectively;NYHA stage III-IV dyspnea was found in 83.9%. Reduced EF heart failure was present in 110 patients (76.9%), seventeen cases with moderately reduced EF (11.9%) and sixteen patients had preserved EF (11.2%). Global heart failure was the dominant (91.6%). The main etiologies of heart failure were dominated by hypertensive heart disease in 46 patients (32.2%), followed by postpartum cardiomyopathy with 43 cases (30.1%), primary dilated cardiomyopathy in 18 patients (12.6%), ischemic heart disease in 16 patients with 11.2%. Seven cases of valvular heart disease, or 4.9%. The evolution was favorable under treatment in 104 patients or 72.7%. In-hospital mortality was 14.7%. Conclusion: Heart failure is a common condition in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in our country.

Prevalence of Ocular Trauma at the Reference Health Center (CSREF) of Kati

Introduction: The authors wanted to study the prevalence of ocular trauma in the ophthalmology unit of the CSREF of Kati. Patients and method: This is a retrospective study, covering the period from January to December 2015, carried out in the ophthalmology unit of the CSREF in Kati. Results: The sample consisted of 568 patients, or 6.82% of ophthalmological consultations. Children aged 0 to 14 years accounted for 154 (27.11%) of the trauma cases. Bruises constitute the main circumstance (58.1%) of eye trauma, followed by domestic accidents (15.6%). Closed globe ocular trauma was the main type of trauma (61.6%), followed by ocular adnexal trauma (30.1%) and open globe trauma (8.3%) in which the penetrating wound was the lesion, the least common (2.6%) but the most serious. Medical treatment was the most used therapeutic modality in 82.4% of cases, followed by surgery with 17.6% of cases. The evolution of the lesions after treatment was favorable in 85.6% of cases and unfavorable in 14.4% of cases. Complications were observed in 5.8% of cases and sequelae in 8.6% of cases. Conclusion: Ocular trauma constitutes an important reason for ophthalmological consultation at the CSREF of Kati. The severity of some of these lesions requires frequent recourse to surgery. The complexity of the treatment should encourage us to favor preventive measures.

Risk Factors and Syndromic Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Sex Workers in the Kadiolo Circle

Sexually transmitted infections constitute a gateway for the human immunodeficiency virus by the presence of ulcerations and local inflammatory manifestations, thus increasing the risk of transmission. The aim of the study was to assess the sexual behavior and syndromic management of sexual infections among female sex workers in the Kadiolo circle. Material and method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the Kadiolo circle from January 1 to December 31, 2014. It focused on clandestine or posted sex workers, aged 15 and over. Results: We collected 465 sex workers aged 15 and 49, aged 26.6 on average and from Ivory Coast 52%, Nigeria 26.2% and Mali 9.7%. Educational attainment was higher with 2.4%. Posted sex workers represented 92.5% and housed in brothels with a stay of 6 months with 53.3%. They were single with 70.8% of cases and about 72.9% lived alone and without a spouse. The age at first sexual intercourse was between 15 - 19 years with 76.6% of cases. The number of first commercial sex was between 15 - 19 years (26%) and 20 - 24 years (45.8%). Usual condom use with regular sex partners was 22.1%. Condom use was almost compulsory at 89.7% with occasional clients or non-regular sexual partners. The average number of clients per day was five (5). The major reason for consultation was vaginal discharge 16.4% followed by abdominal pain. The human immunodeficiency virus test was not compulsory and only 86 workers or 18.5% accepted with a positive result of 11 people or 12.8% of cases. Conclusion: Sexually transmitted infections are common especially as they affect young people.