Diversity and Evolution of Inflorescences in Celastrales

Inflorescences structures in context of their evolution have been conducted for 60 genera and 170 species of Celastrales （according to APG （Angiosperm Phylogeny Group） III 2009, almost 60% of genera and 15% of species from this taxon of the world flora）. There are two big groups of inflorescences in Celastrales-intercalary （more often） and terminal. For many genera of Celastrales both types of inflorescences can be observed, although the frequency of their occurrence varies. There is an important difference between two types of inflorescences： character of completion of the main axis （the terminal flower present or absent）. Flower opening can be in basipetal （Celastraceae, Brexia） or acropetal （Stackhousiaceae） order. Partial inflorescence types included： simple, compound or umbrellate dichasia, spike, raceme, thyrse. Simple flowers of Parnassia are large, nested on long reproductive shoots, emerging from a rosette, with amplexicaule leaf.

Influence of the Silicon- and Element-Organic Compounds on the Process of Biochemical Oxidation in the Organic Contaminations

One of the methods used in practice for the purification of wastewater from vegetable-processing enterprises is biological method of aerobic purification. With the aim to increase air-tank capacity used in traditional systems of biochemical purification of wastewater, different ways effecting to the process of vital activity of microorganisms of active sludge are applied. On the one hand, using the compositions of different salts and complex organic biogenous supplements prevents from the accumulation of some anions in the amounts exceeding the limited concentration, on the other hand- allows different groups of microorganisms to choose biogenous elements, which they assimilate easily and fully. It is known, that compounds of silicon and germanium can cause stimulating effects [1] to the organisms of active sludge. The goal of present studies is the intensification of biological processes of oxidation of organic contamination in wastewater by new bio-degradable chemical compounds or compositions on their basis, and by bio-sorbents.

Use of nanoscale metals in poultry diet as a mineral feed additive

The research was aimed at studying the efficiency of a nanoscale alloy of copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn) to be used as a mineral additive for feeding broiler chickens,compared to inorganic and organic forms of these elements.Biochemical studies of the blood serum were performed using an automated analyzer.The mineral composition was determined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry(MS-ISP),The study was performed on broiler chickens of cross Smena 7(n=72) in the conditions of a vivarium.There were3 treatment groups with 24 chickens in each.Replacing the inorganic form of mineral supplements with the nanosized alloy resulted in a positive productive effect,with a tendency to increasing the content of serum protein.The nano scale form of metals improved(P <0.05) the activity of aminotransferases.At the same time,the liver micro structure of experimental groups is similar to that of the control.There was a moderate plethora and poor polymorphoncellular infiltration around the interlobular triads with a clear morphological orga nization of the stromal and parenchymal co mponents of the liver.However,the lack of oxidative stress was confirmed by the dynamics of catalase(CT),total superoxide dismutase(TSOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels,and the concentrations of which did not exceed the reference level Replacing Cu and Zn sulfates with the nanoscale alloy(group 1) and organic form(group 2) of these elements in the diet of broiler chickens was accompanied by the increasing pool of these elements in the organisms at the end of the experiment.Copper was accumulated throughout the experiment in experimental group 1,compared to the reference,with the maximum difference in the liver of 36.5%(P ≤ 0.05),in the feathers 2.5 times(P ≤ 0.01).Assessment of the Zn level dynamics in the feathers revealed a well noticeable tendency to reducing its concentrations during the experiment in all groups.Against the background of feeding a nanoscale alloy,Zn concentration in the liver exceeded the reference by 66.8%(P ≤ 0.01) only at the end of the experiment.Thus,nanoscale forms of Cu and Zn have a cumulative effect,and may become an alternative to inorganic and organic forms of these elements in poultry nutrition.