Dear Editor,Fungal keratitis is a serious and potentially sightthreatening infection that poses a global health concern,with higher incidence rates reported in low-income countries and regions with tropical climates[1...Dear Editor,Fungal keratitis is a serious and potentially sightthreatening infection that poses a global health concern,with higher incidence rates reported in low-income countries and regions with tropical climates[1-3].Risk factors for fungal keratitis include trauma with vegetative matter,contact lens wear,history of ocular surgery,chronic topical steroid use,low socioeconomic status and tropical climate[1-2].Fungi have the propensity to penetrate deep into the corneal stroma,making the infection difficult to treat with topical antifungal agents alone.Complications such as corneal perforation and endophthalmitis can arise in severe cases,making early identification of the causative fungal pathogen of utmost importance[4-5].Moreover,obtaining susceptibilities to the available antifungal agents can be sight and eye saving[5].展开更多
Twenty-four soil samples of eight ecosystem-types around the Yellow River source area were investigated for the number and specific composition of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes by dilution plate technique. And then t...Twenty-four soil samples of eight ecosystem-types around the Yellow River source area were investigated for the number and specific composition of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes by dilution plate technique. And then the co-relationship between genus species of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes and ecosystem-types was analyzed. The results show that the amount and species distribution of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes had an obvious variability in different ecosystem-types, and that the dominant genus species varied in the eight ecosystem-types studied, with Cladosporium being the dominant genus in seven of the eight ecosystem-types except wetland. The index of species diversity varied in different ecosystem-types. The niche breadth analysis showed that Cladosporium had the highest niche breadth and distributed in all ecosystem-types, while the genera with a narrow niche breadth distributed only in a few ecosystem-types. The results of niche overlap index analysis indicated that Stachybotrys and Torula, Doratomyces and Scolecobasidium, Cladosporium and Chrysosporium had a higher niche overlap, whereas Arthrinium and Gliomastix, Phialophora and Doratomyces, Oidiodendron and Ulocladium had no niche overlap.展开更多
A total of 50 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 39 species in 18 genera were found from the area of Dahingganling Mountain Range. Among them, Monodictys arxanensis is a new species. Chrysosporium...A total of 50 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 39 species in 18 genera were found from the area of Dahingganling Mountain Range. Among them, Monodictys arxanensis is a new species. Chrysosporium fastidium, Exserohilum pedicellatum, Monodictys asperospora, Papulaspora brachiata, Scolecobasidium anelli, Scolecobasidium verruculosum and Ulocladium tuberculatum are new to China. The other 31 taxa which have been previously reported from China are also listed. Specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures of all fungi studied have been deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP).展开更多
A total of 59 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 28 species in 16 genera were obtained from Hulunbuir and Xilin Gol Steppe. Scolecobasidium tuberculosum is a new species morphologically resembling...A total of 59 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 28 species in 16 genera were obtained from Hulunbuir and Xilin Gol Steppe. Scolecobasidium tuberculosum is a new species morphologically resembling S.constrictum but having conspicuously tuberculate and dark brown conidia. Latin diagnosis is given for the new species. Cordana pauciseptata, Doratomyces columnaris, Bipolaris indica, Periconia jabalpurensis and Trichocladium opacum are new to Chinese fungal flora, and brief descriptions and illustrations of them are also provided based on Chinese isolates. The other 22 species previously known from China are also listed. All studied specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures are deposited in the Herbarium of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University (HSAUP).展开更多
Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by the bite of female Anopheles mosquito and particularly affects the tropical areas of the world. According to national statistics it is the leading cause of consultations and ho...Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by the bite of female Anopheles mosquito and particularly affects the tropical areas of the world. According to national statistics it is the leading cause of consultations and hospitalizations. Nowadays, despite the surveillance systems for efficient malaria control and access to generic drugs, Benin is witnessing an increased development of illicit drug markets with a large part of the population going towards such markets. However, this is not without adverse impact on the health of individuals, as well as, the economic status of the country. Therefore, the situation needs to be seriously considered by policy makers at various levels, health professionals but also the entire international community in order to thwart this scourge.Regarding the aforementioned situation, the current study was undertaken aiming to perform a quality control of selected antimalarial drugs of the illegal market in Porto-Novo city. Therefore, 40 antimalarial batches were randomly collected in the illicit drug market and submitted to analytical tests such as: macroscopic examination (a visual and critical examination);mass uniformity test;disintegration test;identification test and active ingredients’ content measurement. At the end of the study, the percentages of non-compliance is 97.5%, 5%, 15% and 27.5%, respectively for the content uniformity tests, disintegration, identification and assay. Over-all, 42.5% of noncompliance was recorded. The findings of this study prove that street vended drugs offer no guarantee of good quality and pose a threat to the health of populations. Also, the rate of non-compliance denotes a flaw in the security of the drug distribution system.展开更多
Post-harvest growth parameters of the pileus of three immature sporocarps(Y_(7),Y_(8),Y_(10))of Termitomyces schimperi showing margins still attached to the stipe by the veil upon collection were studied in order to d...Post-harvest growth parameters of the pileus of three immature sporocarps(Y_(7),Y_(8),Y_(10))of Termitomyces schimperi showing margins still attached to the stipe by the veil upon collection were studied in order to determine the optimum temperature,air moisture and maximum time at which they continue to grow after collection until opening their hymenophore,giving access to more mature lamellae able to produce spore-prints and more relevant for other studies.The figures obtained from the three equations(Y_(7)=0.7+0.1x;Y_(8)=1.98+0.225x;Y_(10)=-0.94+0.116x)of correlation between pileus post-harvest growth and time show various growth patterns depending on morphology,physiology and metabolism of each of the three sporocarps(3 replicates:Y_(7),Y_(8) and Y_(10))tested in vitro.The experiment also shows that,while the size of the stipe of T.schimperi remains constant in the three replicates,its pileus continues to grow for about 36 hrs maximum after collection and its diameter increases of about 3.23 cm to 10.08 cm in an environment of darkness with temperature ranging between 23℃ and 24℃ and relative humidity between 88%and 92%.Considering on the one hand that gill-fungi in general and Termitomyces in particular are highly perishable goods,and on the other hand that sporocarps of Termitomyces are not yet raised in artificial culture,this experiment shows that during mycological excursions,even when sporocarps of these species are found immature on the field,they should also be collected for study since a post-harvest growth of the pileus of numerous species could be artificially triggered or boosted in the laboratory in order to be able to obtain spore-prints important at various levels,and also get access to more mature lamellae absolutely necessary for further studies including particularly the macro-and microscopical descriptions prior to identification.Mature lamellae are also most often the best part used in gill-fungi for DNA extraction in molecular studies.展开更多
Bioactive metabolites produced by different endophytic fungi have wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and herbal medicine research.In contrast to plants,they are barely investigated to their boundless possibi...Bioactive metabolites produced by different endophytic fungi have wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and herbal medicine research.In contrast to plants,they are barely investigated to their boundless possibilities as storehouses of novel bioactive metabolites.They produce diverse metabolites by different biosynthetic pathways with the host plant.Enthusiasm for endophytes as a characteristic asset for new drugs was roused by the disclosure of paclitaxel-producing endophytic fungi.Anticancer activity is by and large connected with the cytotoxicity of the compounds present in the endophytic fungi.Phylogenetic classification of endophytic fungi is of great interest to mycologists as they can produce novel bioactive compounds with antitumor activity.This article audits anticancer compounds derived from endophytic fungi disengaged from the separate host plant.The endophytic fungi have been grouped by their host plants and anticancer compound synthesized.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the alpha-defensin (α-DF) genes polymorphism in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and recurrence. Methods: This observational study included clinical vaginal secretion samples collected over ...Objective: To evaluate the alpha-defensin (α-DF) genes polymorphism in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and recurrence. Methods: This observational study included clinical vaginal secretion samples collected over four years from 88 women, ranging in age from 18 to 65 years, from medical centers of Sao Paulo and Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil. Thirty-six of these women were asymptomatic (control group) and 52 presented clinical condition compatible with vulvovaginitis (38 primary or episodic as non-recurrent forms, and 14 recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis). A portion of each sample was plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and grown on CHROMagar Candida for presumptive characterization. The identification of the species was obtained by sequencing of the ITS1 region of rDNA. α-DF genes were amplified for subsequent evaluation of polymorphisms by endonuclease restriction assay. Results: From 88 samples were isolated 60 Candida albicans and 28 non-albicans Candida spp. Resistant C. albicans strains and non-albicans Candida spp. were more prevalent in recurrence. In all groups, the number of resistant non-albicans Candida spp. was most high than susceptible strains. α-DF1, α-DF3 and α-DF1/α-DF3 genotypes were found in 32 (36.4%), 17 (19.3%), 6 (6.8%) vaginal samples, respectively. About 33 samples were not amplified. Recurrence and severe disease were more observed in homozygous population. Conclusions: Non-albicans Candida spp. and homozygotic α-DF genotipes (α-DF1 and α-DF3) were more related with severe clinical signs and recurrence. Further studies about vulvovaginal candidiasis and α-DF genes are necessary to access the more comprehensive role of defensins in clinical manifestations.展开更多
This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the pr...This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.展开更多
Invasive fungal diseases(IFD)impact morbidity,mortality,hospital stay and healthcare costs in critically ill patients,constituting an unmet medical need.1 Pathogenic fungi rarely cause IFD in immunocompetent individua...Invasive fungal diseases(IFD)impact morbidity,mortality,hospital stay and healthcare costs in critically ill patients,constituting an unmet medical need.1 Pathogenic fungi rarely cause IFD in immunocompetent individuals but become life-threatening in cases of immunodeficiency,young infants,disrupted mucosal barriers or polyantibiotic therapy,highlighting the role of immune surveillance in IFD control.^(2)展开更多
As a result of fundamental changes in the International Code of Nomenclature on the use of separate names for sexual and asexual stages of fungi,generic names of many groups should be reconsidered.Members of the ECMM/...As a result of fundamental changes in the International Code of Nomenclature on the use of separate names for sexual and asexual stages of fungi,generic names of many groups should be reconsidered.Members of the ECMM/ISHAM working group on Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium infections herein advocate a novel nomenclature for genera and species in Pseudallescheria,Scedosporium and allied taxa.The generic names Parascedosporium,Lomentospora,Petriella,Petriellopsis,and Scedosporium are proposed for a lineage within Microascaceae with mostly Scedosporium anamorphs producing slimy,annellidic conidia.Considering that Scedosporium has priority over Pseudallescheria and that Scedosporium prolificans is phylogenetically distinct from the other Scedosporium species,some name changes are proposed.Pseudallescheria minutispora and Petriellidium desertorum are renamed as Scedosporium minutisporum and S.desertorum,respectively.Scedosporium prolificans is renamed as Lomentospora prolificans.展开更多
Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states com...Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.展开更多
Members of the family Chaetomiaceae are ubiquitous ascosporulating fungi commonly,which reside in soil enriched with manure or cellulosic materials.Their role as human pathogens is largely ignored.However,the ability ...Members of the family Chaetomiaceae are ubiquitous ascosporulating fungi commonly,which reside in soil enriched with manure or cellulosic materials.Their role as human pathogens is largely ignored.However,the ability of some species to grow at high temperature enables them to play an important role as opportunistic pathogens.The family contains several genera and species that have never been reported to cause human infection.Hereby,three new species are described;two belong to the genus Subramaniula and one represents a Chaetomium species.Subramaniula asteroides was isolated from various sources including eye and skin infections as well as from the natural environment,and S.obscura was isolated from a toe infection.Chaetomium anamorphosum was isolated from a kidney transplant patient suffering from fungal peritonitis.All species described were previously misidentified as Papulaspora spp.due to the formation of cellular clumps or bulbil-like structures,which are characteristic of Papulaspora.The isolates failed to form sexual fruit bodies and ascospores remained absent,which is an unusual feature for the generally ascosporulating genera Chaetomium and Subramaniula;minute conidia from phialides were sometimes observed.展开更多
文摘Dear Editor,Fungal keratitis is a serious and potentially sightthreatening infection that poses a global health concern,with higher incidence rates reported in low-income countries and regions with tropical climates[1-3].Risk factors for fungal keratitis include trauma with vegetative matter,contact lens wear,history of ocular surgery,chronic topical steroid use,low socioeconomic status and tropical climate[1-2].Fungi have the propensity to penetrate deep into the corneal stroma,making the infection difficult to treat with topical antifungal agents alone.Complications such as corneal perforation and endophthalmitis can arise in severe cases,making early identification of the causative fungal pathogen of utmost importance[4-5].Moreover,obtaining susceptibilities to the available antifungal agents can be sight and eye saving[5].
基金Project (No. 30670014) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Twenty-four soil samples of eight ecosystem-types around the Yellow River source area were investigated for the number and specific composition of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes by dilution plate technique. And then the co-relationship between genus species of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes and ecosystem-types was analyzed. The results show that the amount and species distribution of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes had an obvious variability in different ecosystem-types, and that the dominant genus species varied in the eight ecosystem-types studied, with Cladosporium being the dominant genus in seven of the eight ecosystem-types except wetland. The index of species diversity varied in different ecosystem-types. The niche breadth analysis showed that Cladosporium had the highest niche breadth and distributed in all ecosystem-types, while the genera with a narrow niche breadth distributed only in a few ecosystem-types. The results of niche overlap index analysis indicated that Stachybotrys and Torula, Doratomyces and Scolecobasidium, Cladosporium and Chrysosporium had a higher niche overlap, whereas Arthrinium and Gliomastix, Phialophora and Doratomyces, Oidiodendron and Ulocladium had no niche overlap.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 30570012 & 30499340)
文摘A total of 50 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 39 species in 18 genera were found from the area of Dahingganling Mountain Range. Among them, Monodictys arxanensis is a new species. Chrysosporium fastidium, Exserohilum pedicellatum, Monodictys asperospora, Papulaspora brachiata, Scolecobasidium anelli, Scolecobasidium verruculosum and Ulocladium tuberculatum are new to China. The other 31 taxa which have been previously reported from China are also listed. Specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures of all fungi studied have been deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 30270012 & 30499340)
文摘A total of 59 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 28 species in 16 genera were obtained from Hulunbuir and Xilin Gol Steppe. Scolecobasidium tuberculosum is a new species morphologically resembling S.constrictum but having conspicuously tuberculate and dark brown conidia. Latin diagnosis is given for the new species. Cordana pauciseptata, Doratomyces columnaris, Bipolaris indica, Periconia jabalpurensis and Trichocladium opacum are new to Chinese fungal flora, and brief descriptions and illustrations of them are also provided based on Chinese isolates. The other 22 species previously known from China are also listed. All studied specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures are deposited in the Herbarium of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University (HSAUP).
文摘Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by the bite of female Anopheles mosquito and particularly affects the tropical areas of the world. According to national statistics it is the leading cause of consultations and hospitalizations. Nowadays, despite the surveillance systems for efficient malaria control and access to generic drugs, Benin is witnessing an increased development of illicit drug markets with a large part of the population going towards such markets. However, this is not without adverse impact on the health of individuals, as well as, the economic status of the country. Therefore, the situation needs to be seriously considered by policy makers at various levels, health professionals but also the entire international community in order to thwart this scourge.Regarding the aforementioned situation, the current study was undertaken aiming to perform a quality control of selected antimalarial drugs of the illegal market in Porto-Novo city. Therefore, 40 antimalarial batches were randomly collected in the illicit drug market and submitted to analytical tests such as: macroscopic examination (a visual and critical examination);mass uniformity test;disintegration test;identification test and active ingredients’ content measurement. At the end of the study, the percentages of non-compliance is 97.5%, 5%, 15% and 27.5%, respectively for the content uniformity tests, disintegration, identification and assay. Over-all, 42.5% of noncompliance was recorded. The findings of this study prove that street vended drugs offer no guarantee of good quality and pose a threat to the health of populations. Also, the rate of non-compliance denotes a flaw in the security of the drug distribution system.
基金the“Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie(AUF),Bureau Afrique centrale et des grands lacs(BACGL)”for offering to our laboratory a research grant in the framework of“Projet N°BACGL 2014-46 du 19/12/2014”thanks to which part of the material for field and lab work was acquiredthe Cameroon Ministry of Higher Education(MINESUP)for the special support fund for research through which we received the grant N°16-00433/MINESUP/SG/CS thanks to which the field work was carried out。
文摘Post-harvest growth parameters of the pileus of three immature sporocarps(Y_(7),Y_(8),Y_(10))of Termitomyces schimperi showing margins still attached to the stipe by the veil upon collection were studied in order to determine the optimum temperature,air moisture and maximum time at which they continue to grow after collection until opening their hymenophore,giving access to more mature lamellae able to produce spore-prints and more relevant for other studies.The figures obtained from the three equations(Y_(7)=0.7+0.1x;Y_(8)=1.98+0.225x;Y_(10)=-0.94+0.116x)of correlation between pileus post-harvest growth and time show various growth patterns depending on morphology,physiology and metabolism of each of the three sporocarps(3 replicates:Y_(7),Y_(8) and Y_(10))tested in vitro.The experiment also shows that,while the size of the stipe of T.schimperi remains constant in the three replicates,its pileus continues to grow for about 36 hrs maximum after collection and its diameter increases of about 3.23 cm to 10.08 cm in an environment of darkness with temperature ranging between 23℃ and 24℃ and relative humidity between 88%and 92%.Considering on the one hand that gill-fungi in general and Termitomyces in particular are highly perishable goods,and on the other hand that sporocarps of Termitomyces are not yet raised in artificial culture,this experiment shows that during mycological excursions,even when sporocarps of these species are found immature on the field,they should also be collected for study since a post-harvest growth of the pileus of numerous species could be artificially triggered or boosted in the laboratory in order to be able to obtain spore-prints important at various levels,and also get access to more mature lamellae absolutely necessary for further studies including particularly the macro-and microscopical descriptions prior to identification.Mature lamellae are also most often the best part used in gill-fungi for DNA extraction in molecular studies.
文摘Bioactive metabolites produced by different endophytic fungi have wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and herbal medicine research.In contrast to plants,they are barely investigated to their boundless possibilities as storehouses of novel bioactive metabolites.They produce diverse metabolites by different biosynthetic pathways with the host plant.Enthusiasm for endophytes as a characteristic asset for new drugs was roused by the disclosure of paclitaxel-producing endophytic fungi.Anticancer activity is by and large connected with the cytotoxicity of the compounds present in the endophytic fungi.Phylogenetic classification of endophytic fungi is of great interest to mycologists as they can produce novel bioactive compounds with antitumor activity.This article audits anticancer compounds derived from endophytic fungi disengaged from the separate host plant.The endophytic fungi have been grouped by their host plants and anticancer compound synthesized.
基金This study was financially supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq,Brazil)We thank to Claudia R.C.Porto for support in laboratory tests.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the alpha-defensin (α-DF) genes polymorphism in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and recurrence. Methods: This observational study included clinical vaginal secretion samples collected over four years from 88 women, ranging in age from 18 to 65 years, from medical centers of Sao Paulo and Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil. Thirty-six of these women were asymptomatic (control group) and 52 presented clinical condition compatible with vulvovaginitis (38 primary or episodic as non-recurrent forms, and 14 recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis). A portion of each sample was plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and grown on CHROMagar Candida for presumptive characterization. The identification of the species was obtained by sequencing of the ITS1 region of rDNA. α-DF genes were amplified for subsequent evaluation of polymorphisms by endonuclease restriction assay. Results: From 88 samples were isolated 60 Candida albicans and 28 non-albicans Candida spp. Resistant C. albicans strains and non-albicans Candida spp. were more prevalent in recurrence. In all groups, the number of resistant non-albicans Candida spp. was most high than susceptible strains. α-DF1, α-DF3 and α-DF1/α-DF3 genotypes were found in 32 (36.4%), 17 (19.3%), 6 (6.8%) vaginal samples, respectively. About 33 samples were not amplified. Recurrence and severe disease were more observed in homozygous population. Conclusions: Non-albicans Candida spp. and homozygotic α-DF genotipes (α-DF1 and α-DF3) were more related with severe clinical signs and recurrence. Further studies about vulvovaginal candidiasis and α-DF genes are necessary to access the more comprehensive role of defensins in clinical manifestations.
文摘This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.
基金This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(SAF-2016-80535-R)co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund“A way to achieve Europe”to F.L.M.V.-d-A.,C.C.,S.C.-L.,I.S.,and E.C.are recipients of fellowships from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(BES-2014-069237+4 种基金BES-2017-082107)the Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte(FPU15/02897)the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(SFRH/BD/75738/2011and the European Community Seventh Framework Program(BIOTRACK,FP7/2007/2013229673).
文摘Invasive fungal diseases(IFD)impact morbidity,mortality,hospital stay and healthcare costs in critically ill patients,constituting an unmet medical need.1 Pathogenic fungi rarely cause IFD in immunocompetent individuals but become life-threatening in cases of immunodeficiency,young infants,disrupted mucosal barriers or polyantibiotic therapy,highlighting the role of immune surveillance in IFD control.^(2)
文摘As a result of fundamental changes in the International Code of Nomenclature on the use of separate names for sexual and asexual stages of fungi,generic names of many groups should be reconsidered.Members of the ECMM/ISHAM working group on Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium infections herein advocate a novel nomenclature for genera and species in Pseudallescheria,Scedosporium and allied taxa.The generic names Parascedosporium,Lomentospora,Petriella,Petriellopsis,and Scedosporium are proposed for a lineage within Microascaceae with mostly Scedosporium anamorphs producing slimy,annellidic conidia.Considering that Scedosporium has priority over Pseudallescheria and that Scedosporium prolificans is phylogenetically distinct from the other Scedosporium species,some name changes are proposed.Pseudallescheria minutispora and Petriellidium desertorum are renamed as Scedosporium minutisporum and S.desertorum,respectively.Scedosporium prolificans is renamed as Lomentospora prolificans.
基金We also thank Siriporn Luesuwan for arranging the loan of specimens from various herbaria.A.Ariyawansa and J.C Kang are grateful to the International collaboration plan of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]7006)the construction of innovation talent team of Science and Technology at Guizhou Province(contract No.[2012]4007)+19 种基金China.D.J.Bhat is thankful to MFU for a Visiting Professorship during the tenure of which this paper was finalized.D.L.Hawksworth contributed to this work while in receipt of support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(CGL2011-25003)Haixia Wu would like to thank the Grant for Essential Scientific Research of National Non-profit Institute to funds for research(No.CAFYBB2007002)thanks Xiaoming Chen,Ying Feng and Chen Hang(The Research Institute of Resource Insects,Chinese Academy of Forestry,China)for their valuable help.Jian-Kui Liu would like to thank Manfred Binder for providing valuable suggestions and kind assistance on phylogenetic analysisWe would like to thank MFU grant No.56101020032 for funding to study taxonomy and phylogeny of selected families of DothideomycetesJiye Yan and Xinghong Li would like to thank CARS-30 for funds.K.Tanaka would like to thank the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,25440199)for financial supportK.L.Pang would like to thank National Science Council of Taiwan for financial support(NSC101-2621-B-019-001-MY3).L.Muggia is grateful to the Austrian Science Foundation for financial support(FWF,P24114-B16 and Herta-Firnberg Project T481-B20)M.Doilom would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee(RGJ)Ph.D.Program grant No.Ph.D./0072/2553 in 4.S.M.F./53/A.2MP Nelsen and R Lücking are grateful to the NSF(DEB 0715660“Neotropical Epiphytic Microlichens-An Innovative Inventory of a Highly Diverse yet Little Known Group of Symbiotic Organisms”DEB 0717476“Systematics of Dothideomycetes”)MP Nelsen also acknowledges a Brown Family Fellowship through the Field Museum,a William Harper Rainey Fellowship through the University of Chicago,and support through the Committee on Evolutionary Biology at the University of Chicago.R.Phookamsak would like to thank the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD/0090/2551)under the Thailand Research Fund for scholarship supportS.A.Alias would like to thank Program Rakan University Malaya(PRPUM)-Phylogeny,Taxonomy,Relationships and Biotechnological Potential of Sooty Moulds.S.Boonmee also thanks Amy Y.Rossman and the U.S.Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service,Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Lab(SMML)USA for laboratory,funding support and advice on her work.S.Boonmee and P.Chomnunti would like to thank TRF/BIOTEC program Biodiversity Research and Training Grant BRT R_251181,BRT R_253012the Mushroom Research Foundation,Chiang Rai Province for funding support.S.Wikee would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program agreement No PhD/0198/2552S.Wikee and JK Liu would like to thank The National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)for the award of grant No 55201020002 to study the genus Phyllosticta in ThailandS.Suetrong acknowledges the financial support by TRF/BIOTEC program Biodiversity Research and Training Grant BRT R_351004 and BRT R_325015 to study marine fungi of ThailandSuetrong also thanks Morakot Tanticharoen,Kanyawim Kirtikara and Lily Eurwilaichitr,BIOTEC,Bangkok for their continued interest and support.Supalak Yacharoen,J.Monkai and K.D.Hyde would like to thank the Thailand Research Fund(BRG5280002)for financial supportGareth Jones is supported by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Saudi Arabia.Y.Wang would like to thank The International Scientific Cooperated Project of Guizhou Province(No[2013]7004)Yongxiang Liu would like to thank the Guizhou Research Fund(QKHZYZ[2010]5031 and QNKYYZX[2012]010)for financial supportHarrie Sipman is thanked for comments on part of the manuscript.
文摘Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate dehiscence.Many species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant pathogens.They are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous fungi.They occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the world.We accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and Thyridariaceae introduced in this paper.Each family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also characterized.Each family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and Strigulales.The paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to light.It is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,under grant No.1-965/1434 HiCi。
文摘Members of the family Chaetomiaceae are ubiquitous ascosporulating fungi commonly,which reside in soil enriched with manure or cellulosic materials.Their role as human pathogens is largely ignored.However,the ability of some species to grow at high temperature enables them to play an important role as opportunistic pathogens.The family contains several genera and species that have never been reported to cause human infection.Hereby,three new species are described;two belong to the genus Subramaniula and one represents a Chaetomium species.Subramaniula asteroides was isolated from various sources including eye and skin infections as well as from the natural environment,and S.obscura was isolated from a toe infection.Chaetomium anamorphosum was isolated from a kidney transplant patient suffering from fungal peritonitis.All species described were previously misidentified as Papulaspora spp.due to the formation of cellular clumps or bulbil-like structures,which are characteristic of Papulaspora.The isolates failed to form sexual fruit bodies and ascospores remained absent,which is an unusual feature for the generally ascosporulating genera Chaetomium and Subramaniula;minute conidia from phialides were sometimes observed.