AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 antibody synergistically sensitize hepatoma to radiotherapy

Background:Radiation(IR)-induced DNA damage triggers cell cycle arrest and has a suppressive effect on the tumor microenvironment(TME).Wee1,a cell cycle regulator,can eliminate G2/M arrest by phosphorylating cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1).Meanwhile,programed death-1/programed death ligand-1(PD-1/PDL-1)blockade is closely related to TME.This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Wee1 inhibitor AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 antibody(anti-PD-1 Ab)on radiosensitization of hepatoma.Methods:The anti-tumor activity of AZD1775 and IR was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay on human and mouse hepatoma cells HepG2,Hepa1-6,and H22.The anti-hepatoma mechanism of AZD1775 and IR revealed by flow cytometry and Western blot in vitro.A hepatoma subcutaneous xenograft mice model was constructed on Balb/c mice,which were divided into control group,IR group,AZD1775 group,IR+AZD1775 group,IR+anti-PD-1 Ab group,and the IR+AZD1775+anti-PD-1 Ab group.Cytotoxic CD8^(+)T cells in TME were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:Combining IR with AZD1775 synergistically reduced the viability of hepatoma cells in vitro.AZD1775 exhibited antitumor effects by decreasing CDK1 phosphorylation to reverse the IR-induced G2/M arrest and increasing IR-induced DNA damage.AZD1775 treatment also reduced the proportion of PD-1^(+)/CD8^(+)T cells in the spleen of hepatoma subcutaneous xenograft mice.Further studies revealed that AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 Ab could enhance the radiosensitivity of hepatoma by enhancing the levels of interferonγ(IFNγ)^(+)or Ki67^(+)CD8 T cells and decreasing the levels of CD8^(+)Tregs cells in the tumor and spleen of the hepatoma mice model,indicating that the improvement of TME was manifested by increasing the cytotoxic factor IFNγexpression,enhancing CD8^(+)T cells proliferation,and weakening CD8^(+)T cells depletion.Conclusions:This work suggests that AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 Ab synergistically sensitize hepatoma to radiotherapy by enhancing IR-induced DNA damage and improving cytotoxic CD8^(+)T cells in TME.

New understanding of the low-dose radiation-induced hormesis

Dr.Liu Shuzheng as a well-known educator and radiobiologist has started to work on the physiological benefits of low-dose radiation since 1970s.His research on the distinct effects of low-dose radiation from those of high-dose radiation has nationally and internationally impacted radiobiology,medicine and oncology.Therefore,here we briefly review the research from his research team from early years to last two decades.Two important facts related to LDR biological effects are the hormesis and adaptive response,both have been the main focuses of Dr.Liu Shuzheng early research.In the last couple of decades Dr.Liu Shuzheng have further investigated how to apply these important mechanisms into clinical translational research,such as the potential to application of LDRhormesis to enhance tumor’s chemo-or radio-therapy and LDR-induced adaptive response to protect normal tissue from chemo-or radio-therapy related side toxic effects.Therefore,Dr.Liu has provided important guidance and role model for his trainees in the continue of their research career in radiation biology,medicine and oncology.

Curcumin from Jianghuang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae) protects against exposure to ultraviolet B by antioxidation and attenuating mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of curcumin extracted from Jianghuang(Rhizoma Curcumae Longae)against ultraviolet B(UVB)and the possible mechanism.METHODS:Effects of curcumin were detected in vivo and in vitro.Morphological changes of white guinea pig skin were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Ha CaT cell proliferation was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium broide(MTT)assays.The cell cycle distribution,apoptotic rate,level of reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential,and intracellullar calcium ion concentration of Ha CaT cells were detected by flow cytometry.Antioxidant levels in skin tissues and Ha Cat cells were measured by biochemical methods.RESULTS:UVB inhibited in vitro cell proliferation by inducing G2/M arrest,increasing ROS,apoptosis,and necrosis,and decreasing B-cell lymphoma-2,and increasing Bax,cytochrome c,and caspase-3 levels.CONCLUSION:Curcumin blocks the effects of UVB by reducing ROS and apoptosis,and reversing UVB-induced changes in the expression of apoptotic proteins.The mitochondrial pathway is involved in curcumin-regulated apoptosis.