Intrusion detection and prevention system for an IoT environment

Internet of Things(IoT)security is the act of securing IoT devices and networks.IoT devices,including industrial machines,smart energy grids,and building automation,are extremely vulnerable.With the goal of shielding network systems from illegal access in cloud servers and IoT systems,Intrusion Detection Systems(IDSs)and Network-based Intrusion Prevention Systems(NBIPSs)are proposed in this study.An intrusion prevention system is proposed to realize NBIPS to safeguard top to bottom engineering.The proposed NBIPS inspects network activity streams to identify and counteract misuse instances.The NBIPS is usually located specifically behind a firewall,and it provides a reciprocal layer of investigation that adversely chooses unsafe substances.Networkbased IPS sensors can be installed either in an inline or a passive model.An inline sensor is installed to monitor the traffic passing through it.The sensors are installed to stop attacks by blocking the traffic using an IoT signature-based protocol.

Predicting and validating the load-settlement behavior of large-scale geosynthetic-reinforced soil abutments using hybrid intelligent modeling

Settlement prediction of geosynthetic-reinforced soil(GRS)abutments under service loading conditions is an arduous and challenging task for practicing geotechnical/civil engineers.Hence,in this paper,a novel hybrid artificial intelligence(AI)-based model was developed by the combination of artificial neural network(ANN)and Harris hawks’optimisation(HHO),that is,ANN-HHO,to predict the settlement of the GRS abutments.Five other robust intelligent models such as support vector regression(SVR),Gaussian process regression(GPR),relevance vector machine(RVM),sequential minimal optimisation regression(SMOR),and least-median square regression(LMSR)were constructed and compared to the ANN-HHO model.The predictive strength,relalibility and robustness of the model were evaluated based on rigorous statistical testing,ranking criteria,multi-criteria approach,uncertainity analysis and sensitivity analysis(SA).Moreover,the predictive veracity of the model was also substantiated against several large-scale independent experimental studies on GRS abutments reported in the scientific literature.The acquired findings demonstrated that the ANN-HHO model predicted the settlement of GRS abutments with reasonable accuracy and yielded superior performance in comparison to counterpart models.Therefore,it becomes one of predictive tools employed by geotechnical/civil engineers in preliminary decision-making when investigating the in-service performance of GRS abutments.Finally,the model has been converted into a simple mathematical formulation for easy hand calculations,and it is proved cost-effective and less time-consuming in comparison to experimental tests and numerical simulations.

A Thorough Investigation on Image Forgery Detection

Image forging is the alteration of a digital image to conceal some of the necessary or helpful information.It cannot be easy to distinguish themodified region fromthe original image in somecircumstances.The demand for authenticity and the integrity of the image drive the detection of a fabricated image.There have been cases of ownership infringements or fraudulent actions by counterfeiting multimedia files,including re-sampling or copy-moving.This work presents a high-level view of the forensics of digital images and their possible detection approaches.This work presents a thorough analysis of digital image forgery detection techniques with their steps and effectiveness.These methods have identified forgery and its type and compared it with state of the art.This work will help us to find the best forgery detection technique based on the different environments.It also shows the current issues in other methods,which can help researchers find future scope for further research in this field.

Effective Size Reduction Technique for Microstrip Filters

In this paper an effective size reduction technique using fractal structure is suggested. The proposed technique has been applied on a band stop and a low pass filter separately. This technique provides 42% reduction of size for the band stop filter and about 26% for the low pass counterpart. Both the designed structures are fabricated and the measured results are compared with the simulated results. The proposed technique does not require any recalculation or optimization of dimensions of the filter, and is straightforward to implement. The band stop filter is designed for the center frequency of 3 GHz where as the cut-off frequency for low pass filter is 2.5 GHz. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed. A comprehensible explanation of the proposed technique is also provided.

Bandwidth Enhancement of RMPA Using 2 Segment Labyrinth Metamaterial at THz

The past few years have been very eventful with respect to the evolution of the concept and implementation of “left-handed materials (LHMs)”. This paper elucidates antenna parameter optimization using 2 Segment Labyrinth metamaterial embedded in antenna substrate at high frequency (THz). Ansoft HFSS has been used to design and analyse the RMPA (rectangular microstrip patch antenna) with design frequency 9.55 THz and operating range of 8.55 THz to 10.55 THz having RT Duroid (εr = 2.33) as substrate material. Magnetic properties of labyrinth resonator have been used to mathematically demonstrate the negative refraction. Nicolson Ross Wier (NRW) method has been used to retrieve the material parameters from transmission and reflection coefficient. Upon incorporation, bandwidth widens to around 4% and VSWR improves by approx 1.5%.

Extension of Distribution Transformer Life in the Presence of Smart Inverter-based Distributed Solar Photovoltaic Systems

A transformer is an essential but expensive power delivery equipment for a distribution utility.In many distribution utilities worldwide,a sizable percentage of transformers are near the end of their designed life.At the same time,distribution utilities are adopting smart inverter-based distributed solar photovoltaic(SPV)systems to maximize renewable generation.The central objective of this paper is to propose a methodology to quantify the effect of smart inverter-based distributed SPV systems on the aging of distribution transformers.The proposed method is first tested on a modified IEEE-123 node distribution feeder.After that,the procedure is applied to a practical distribution system,i.e.,the Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)Roorkee campus,India.The transformer aging models,alongside advanced control functionalities of grid-tied smart inverter-based SPV systems,are implemented in MATLAB.The open-source simulation tool(OpenDSS)is used to model distribution networks.To analyze effectiveness of various inverter functionalities,time-series simulations are performed using exponential load models,considering daily load curves from multiple seasons,load types,current harmonics,etc.Findings show replacing a traditional inverter with a smart inverter-based SPV system can enable local reactive power generation and may extend the life of a distribution transformer.Simulation results demonstrate,simply by incorporating smart inverter-based SPV systems,transformer aging is reduced by 15%to 22%in comparison to SPV systems operating with traditional inverters.

Robust adaptive observer for nonlinear time-delay systems with disturbances and uncertainties

A method of designing robust adaptive observer for nonlinear continuous-time systems with time-delays is presented.It is assumed that the nonlinear functions of the system satisfy Lipschitz condition.The observer is derived considering plant disturbances,structured parameter uncertainties and unknown parameters.Like any other adaptive observer for nonlinear systems with ideal working conditions,it also simultaneously estimates both the states and unknown parameters.This property is very much useful for many applications like fault diagnosis.The convergence of the state errors and estimated unknown parameters are analysed by H_(∞)-control.The sufficient conditions for the existence of the observer are determined and expressed in linear matrix inequality form.With the help of a numerical example,the effectiveness of the proposed observer is demonstrated.

Impact of urbanization on groundwater recharge and urban water balance for the city of Hyderabad, India

Groundwater recharge processes in an urban area are different than in non-urban areas. There are various new components that must be considered in the case of urban groundwater recharge in addition to the natural recharge from precipitation. These various components are estimated in this study based on the water balance equation for the Hyderabad city of India. Initially, urban recharge components including leakages from water supply network and sewage networks were calculated. To estimate the natural recharge from precipitation, actual evapotranspiration and surface runoff were estimated using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Results indicated that the urban recharge component of groundwater was more than ten times greater than the natural recharge. The net urban recharge component of groundwater was estimated to be approximately 568 mm yr-1 and the natural recharge component was observed to be 53 mm yr-1. Water inflow and outflow components were also estimated to provide the complete scenario of the total urban water balance of Hyderabad. This analysis has provided the information regarding the extent and intensity of percolation of urban contaminants into the aquifer.

Optical performance of hybrid dielectric loaded plasmonic waveguide using PTFE for nano-scale light confinement

Different characteristics of fundamental mode of hybrid dielectric loaded plasmonic waveguide have been explored at1550 nm wavelength,to resolve the issue of large propagation loss and diffraction limit with minimal waveguide dimension.Propagation length of 432μm has been achieved with the optimal dimension of 200 nm×40 nm.Through the numerical simulation results,the effective area of 0.021μm^2 and normalized intensity of 40.71μm^-2 in the spacer region of the waveguide have been realized.To accomplish the ultra-compact directional coupler,the smaller coupling length of about 1.42μm has been achieved.PTFE-based waveguide can be highly beneficial for the realization of monolithic integration with active optical devices.

Appropriate method of core selection and crosstalk optimization in single-mode homogeneous multicore fiber

The approach for homogeneous core structure design and selection based on low crosstalk, low dispersion, and acceptable mode effective area have been explored. The forward and backward crosstalk behaviors with respect to wavelength, fiber bending radius, and twisting rate in 12-core, and 21-core single-mode trench-assisted homogenous multicore fiber have been analyzed. The new expression for forward crosstalk under bending and twisting conditions has been derived using the conventional method. For the analysis and optimization of crosstalk, three different core structures are considered, it helps to draw the attention to select the appropriate core structure model for multicore fiber, which follows the standards used in telecom services.