应用WRF(weather research and forecasting)及其耦合的多层城市冠层模式BEP(building energy parameterization),对2013年8月13日长江三角洲地区一次高温天气过程进行了模拟。此次过程盛行东南风,风向与苏州—无锡—常州城市带走向一...应用WRF(weather research and forecasting)及其耦合的多层城市冠层模式BEP(building energy parameterization),对2013年8月13日长江三角洲地区一次高温天气过程进行了模拟。此次过程盛行东南风,风向与苏州—无锡—常州城市带走向一致。模拟结果表明:苏州—无锡—常州城市带热岛效应明显,热岛强度向下游城市逐渐增加;在东南风作用下,三座城市的热岛连成一片,形成了一个更强大的热岛环流。夜晚,边界层逐渐趋于稳定,热岛环流减弱,有利于热岛温度向下游地区输送。热岛效应导致城市边界层高度明显上升。白天太湖产生强盛的湖风对其周边城市影响显著,来自太湖的冷气团导致无锡和常州边界层内热岛强度明显下降,抑制城市热岛向上发展,削弱了无锡与常州两城市热岛间的联系。白天太湖使得无锡和常州边界层高度明显下降。展开更多
Honghu Lake,located in the southeast of Hubei Province,China,has suffered a severe disturbance during the past few decades.To restore the ecosystem,the Honghu Lake Wetland Protection and Restoration Demonstration Proj...Honghu Lake,located in the southeast of Hubei Province,China,has suffered a severe disturbance during the past few decades.To restore the ecosystem,the Honghu Lake Wetland Protection and Restoration Demonstration Project(HLWPRDP) has been implemented since 2004.A back propagation(BP) artificial neural network(ANN) approach was applied to evaluatinig the ecosystem health of the Honghu Lake wetland.And the effectiveness of the HLWPRDP was also assessed by comparing the ecosystem health before and after the project.Particularly,12 ecosystem health indices were used as evaluation parameters to establish a set of three-layer BP ANNs.The output is one layer of ecosystem health index.After training and testing the BP ANNs,an optimal model of BP ANNs was selected to assess the ecosystem health of the Honghu Lake wetland.The result indicates that four stages can be identified based on the change of the ecosystem health from 1990 to 2008 and the ecosystem health index ranges from morbidity before the implementation of HLWPRDP(in 2002) to middle health after the implementation of the HLWPRDP(in 2005).It demonstrates that the HLWPRDP is effective and the BP ANN could be used as a tool for the assessment of ecosystem health.展开更多
首次将MSG-2(Meteosat Second Generation-2)卫星上的旋转增强可见光及红外成像仪(Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager,SEVIRI)的观测资料同化到美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP...首次将MSG-2(Meteosat Second Generation-2)卫星上的旋转增强可见光及红外成像仪(Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager,SEVIRI)的观测资料同化到美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)全球资料同化系统(global data assimilation system,GDAS)中。对当前的地球静止业务环境卫星(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite,GOES)成像仪资料的同化问题也进行了进一步探讨。利用CRTM(The Community Radiative Transfer Model)模式,对SEVIRI辐射率观测资料进行了模拟。为了对红外辐射率资料进行模拟,CRTM模式中的几个关键部分得到改进,例如:动态更新地面发射率资料以及采用了快速精确的气体吸收模块。为了改进对SEVIRI和GOES成像仪辐射率资料的模拟效果,采用了GSICS(The Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System)标定订正。初步研究结果表明,包含对SEVIRI辐射率资料的水汽通道(6.25和7.35μm)和二氧化碳通道(13.40μm)的同化对GFS(Global Forecast System)6d预报具有显著的正影响;而对其他5个SEVIRI红外窗口通道资料的同化则减小了这种正影响。通过应用GSICS标定算法,订正了SEVIRI和GOES-12成像仪观测资料的偏差,提高了对GFS预报的影响。此外,还需作进一步研究来提高对SEVIRI红外窗口通道辐射率资料同化的有效性。展开更多
文摘应用WRF(weather research and forecasting)及其耦合的多层城市冠层模式BEP(building energy parameterization),对2013年8月13日长江三角洲地区一次高温天气过程进行了模拟。此次过程盛行东南风,风向与苏州—无锡—常州城市带走向一致。模拟结果表明:苏州—无锡—常州城市带热岛效应明显,热岛强度向下游城市逐渐增加;在东南风作用下,三座城市的热岛连成一片,形成了一个更强大的热岛环流。夜晚,边界层逐渐趋于稳定,热岛环流减弱,有利于热岛温度向下游地区输送。热岛效应导致城市边界层高度明显上升。白天太湖产生强盛的湖风对其周边城市影响显著,来自太湖的冷气团导致无锡和常州边界层内热岛强度明显下降,抑制城市热岛向上发展,削弱了无锡与常州两城市热岛间的联系。白天太湖使得无锡和常州边界层高度明显下降。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40871251)Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No KZCX2-YW-141)
文摘Honghu Lake,located in the southeast of Hubei Province,China,has suffered a severe disturbance during the past few decades.To restore the ecosystem,the Honghu Lake Wetland Protection and Restoration Demonstration Project(HLWPRDP) has been implemented since 2004.A back propagation(BP) artificial neural network(ANN) approach was applied to evaluatinig the ecosystem health of the Honghu Lake wetland.And the effectiveness of the HLWPRDP was also assessed by comparing the ecosystem health before and after the project.Particularly,12 ecosystem health indices were used as evaluation parameters to establish a set of three-layer BP ANNs.The output is one layer of ecosystem health index.After training and testing the BP ANNs,an optimal model of BP ANNs was selected to assess the ecosystem health of the Honghu Lake wetland.The result indicates that four stages can be identified based on the change of the ecosystem health from 1990 to 2008 and the ecosystem health index ranges from morbidity before the implementation of HLWPRDP(in 2002) to middle health after the implementation of the HLWPRDP(in 2005).It demonstrates that the HLWPRDP is effective and the BP ANN could be used as a tool for the assessment of ecosystem health.
基金美国NOAA和NASA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group和GOES-R Risk Reduction关于地球静止卫星资料模拟和同化项目
文摘首次将MSG-2(Meteosat Second Generation-2)卫星上的旋转增强可见光及红外成像仪(Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager,SEVIRI)的观测资料同化到美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)全球资料同化系统(global data assimilation system,GDAS)中。对当前的地球静止业务环境卫星(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite,GOES)成像仪资料的同化问题也进行了进一步探讨。利用CRTM(The Community Radiative Transfer Model)模式,对SEVIRI辐射率观测资料进行了模拟。为了对红外辐射率资料进行模拟,CRTM模式中的几个关键部分得到改进,例如:动态更新地面发射率资料以及采用了快速精确的气体吸收模块。为了改进对SEVIRI和GOES成像仪辐射率资料的模拟效果,采用了GSICS(The Global Space-Based Inter-Calibration System)标定订正。初步研究结果表明,包含对SEVIRI辐射率资料的水汽通道(6.25和7.35μm)和二氧化碳通道(13.40μm)的同化对GFS(Global Forecast System)6d预报具有显著的正影响;而对其他5个SEVIRI红外窗口通道资料的同化则减小了这种正影响。通过应用GSICS标定算法,订正了SEVIRI和GOES-12成像仪观测资料的偏差,提高了对GFS预报的影响。此外,还需作进一步研究来提高对SEVIRI红外窗口通道辐射率资料同化的有效性。