Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at replacing devitalized and missing cellular components and/or tissue layers.Recently,extracellular vesicles(EVs),natur...Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at replacing devitalized and missing cellular components and/or tissue layers.Recently,extracellular vesicles(EVs),naturally cell-secreted lipid membrane-bound vesicles laden with biological cargos including proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids,have drawn wide attention due to their ability to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration.However,current exploitation of EVs as therapeutic agents is limited by their low isolation yields and tedious isolation processes.To circumvent these challenges,bioinspired cell-derived nanovesicles(CDNs)that mimic EVs were obtained by shearing mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)through membranes with different pore sizes.Physical characterisations and highthroughput proteomics confirmed that MSC-CDNs mimicked MSC-EVs.Moreover,these MSC-CDNs were efficiently uptaken by human dermal fibroblasts and demonstrated a dose-dependent activation of MAPK signalling pathway,resulting in enhancement of cell proliferation,cell migration,secretion of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins,which all promoted tissue regeneration.Of note,MSC-CDNs enhanced angiogenesis in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in a 3D PEGfibrin scaffold and animal model,accelerating wound healing in vitro and in vivo.These findings suggest that MSC-CDNs could replace both whole cells and EVs in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.展开更多
Coherent radiation with frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 30 THz has recently become accessible using femtosecond laser technology.These terahertz(THz)waves have already been applied in spectroscopy and imaging and can ...Coherent radiation with frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 30 THz has recently become accessible using femtosecond laser technology.These terahertz(THz)waves have already been applied in spectroscopy and imaging and can be manipulated using static optical elements such as lenses,polarizers and filters.However,ultrafast modulation of THz radiation is required as well,for instance,in short-range wireless communication or for preparing shaped THz transients for the coherent control of numerous material excitations.Here,we demonstrate an all-optically created transient metamaterial that allows us to manipulate the polarization of THz waveforms with subcycle switch-on times.The polarization-modulated pulses are potentially interesting for controlling elementary motions such as the vibration of crystal lattices,the rotation of molecules and the precession of spins.展开更多
We report a simple solution-processed method for the fabrication of low-cost,flexible optical limiting materials based on graphene oxide(GO) impregnated polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) sheets.Such GO–PVA composite sheets disp...We report a simple solution-processed method for the fabrication of low-cost,flexible optical limiting materials based on graphene oxide(GO) impregnated polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) sheets.Such GO–PVA composite sheets display highly efficient broadband optical limiting activities for femtosecond laser pulses at 400,800,and 1400 nm with very low limiting thresholds.Femtosecond pump–probe measurement results revealed that nonlinear absorption played an important role for the observed optical limiting activities.High flexibility and efficient optical limiting activities of these materials allow these composite sheets to be attached to nonplanar optical sensors in order to protect them from light-induced damage.展开更多
We present an optical and photoelectron spectroscopic study to elucidate the interfacial electronic properties of organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions formed in a kinetically blocked heptazethrene triisopro...We present an optical and photoelectron spectroscopic study to elucidate the interfacial electronic properties of organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions formed in a kinetically blocked heptazethrene triisopropylsilyl ethynylene (HZ-TIPS) and its homologue,octazethrene (OZ-TIPS) on an all-inorganic perovskite cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) surface.The photoluminescence behavior of the underlying perovskites upon differing molecular doping conditions was examined.It turns out that the charge transfer dynamics of thermally-evaporated OZ-TIPS molecule exhibited a faster average lifetime than that of the HZ-TIPS case suggesting the importance of the biradical state in the former molecule.An interfacial dipole was formed at the interface due to the competing interaction between the dispersion force of the bulky TIPS-substituent group and the attractive van der Waals interaction at the first few layers.Photoemission spectroscopy of the physisorbed HZ-TIPS shows chemical shifts,which indicates electron transfer from HZ-TIPS molecules to the CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystal.In contrast,the adsorbed OZ-TIPS molecular layer on CsPbBr3 demonstrates the opposite trend indicating a hole transfer process.The average molecular orientation as determined by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) suggests that the HZ-TIPS molecular plane is generally lifted with respect to the perovskite surface.We suggest that the nature of the closed-shell electronic ground state of HZ-TIPS could contribute to the formation of interfacial dipole at the molecule/perovskite interface.展开更多
Magnetite Fe304 (ferrite) has attracted considerable interest for its exceptional physical properties: It is predicted to be a semimetallic ferromagnetic with a high Curie temperature, it displays a metal-insulator...Magnetite Fe304 (ferrite) has attracted considerable interest for its exceptional physical properties: It is predicted to be a semimetallic ferromagnetic with a high Curie temperature, it displays a metal-insulator transition, and has potential oxide-electronics applications. Here, we fabricate a high-magnetization (〉 1 Tesla) high-resistance (-0.1 Ωcm) sub-nanostructured (grain size 〈 3 nm) Fe304 film via grain-size control and nano-engineering. We report a new phenomenon of spin- flipping of the valence-spin tetrahedral FeB* in the sub-nanostructured Fe304 film, which produces the high magnetization. Using soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and soft X-ray absorption, both at the Fe L3,2- and O K-edges, and supported by first-principles and charge-transfer multiple calculations, we observe an anomalous enhancement of double exchange, accompanied by a suppression of the superexchange interactions because of the spin-flipping mechanism via oxygen at the grain boundaries. Our result may open avenues for developing spin- manipulated giant magnetic Fe304-based compounds via nano-grain size control.展开更多
基金the National University of Singapore(Nano Nash Program A-0004336-00-00&A-000850400-00,Singapore)Nanyang Technological University,Singapore(grant number 001487-00001)+4 种基金the Industry Alignment Fund—Pre-Positioning(IAF-PP)grant(A20G1a0046 and R-148-000-307-305/A0004345-00-00)the Singapore Ministry of Education,under its Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1(10051-MOE AcRF Tier 1:Thematic Call 2020)from Bertrand Czarnythe National University of Singapore Nano-NASH Program(NUHSRO/2020/002/Nano Nash/LOA)the National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine Nanomedicine Translational Research Program(NUHSRO/2021/034/TRP/09/Nanomedicine)the financial supports from Agency for Science,Technology,and Research(A~*STAR,Singapore)Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering Individual Research Grant(AME IRG)(Project ID:A1883c0013,Singapore)。
文摘Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at replacing devitalized and missing cellular components and/or tissue layers.Recently,extracellular vesicles(EVs),naturally cell-secreted lipid membrane-bound vesicles laden with biological cargos including proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids,have drawn wide attention due to their ability to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration.However,current exploitation of EVs as therapeutic agents is limited by their low isolation yields and tedious isolation processes.To circumvent these challenges,bioinspired cell-derived nanovesicles(CDNs)that mimic EVs were obtained by shearing mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)through membranes with different pore sizes.Physical characterisations and highthroughput proteomics confirmed that MSC-CDNs mimicked MSC-EVs.Moreover,these MSC-CDNs were efficiently uptaken by human dermal fibroblasts and demonstrated a dose-dependent activation of MAPK signalling pathway,resulting in enhancement of cell proliferation,cell migration,secretion of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins,which all promoted tissue regeneration.Of note,MSC-CDNs enhanced angiogenesis in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in a 3D PEGfibrin scaffold and animal model,accelerating wound healing in vitro and in vivo.These findings suggest that MSC-CDNs could replace both whole cells and EVs in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.
基金We would like to thank the German Research Foundation for funding this work through Grant No.KA 3305/2-1.
文摘Coherent radiation with frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 30 THz has recently become accessible using femtosecond laser technology.These terahertz(THz)waves have already been applied in spectroscopy and imaging and can be manipulated using static optical elements such as lenses,polarizers and filters.However,ultrafast modulation of THz radiation is required as well,for instance,in short-range wireless communication or for preparing shaped THz transients for the coherent control of numerous material excitations.Here,we demonstrate an all-optically created transient metamaterial that allows us to manipulate the polarization of THz waveforms with subcycle switch-on times.The polarization-modulated pulses are potentially interesting for controlling elementary motions such as the vibration of crystal lattices,the rotation of molecules and the precession of spins.
基金financial support from the Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program of China (201101C0105067115)DSTA Singapore (Project DSTA-NUS-DIRP/9010100347)National Research Foundation Singapore (R398-001-062-281)
文摘We report a simple solution-processed method for the fabrication of low-cost,flexible optical limiting materials based on graphene oxide(GO) impregnated polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) sheets.Such GO–PVA composite sheets display highly efficient broadband optical limiting activities for femtosecond laser pulses at 400,800,and 1400 nm with very low limiting thresholds.Femtosecond pump–probe measurement results revealed that nonlinear absorption played an important role for the observed optical limiting activities.High flexibility and efficient optical limiting activities of these materials allow these composite sheets to be attached to nonplanar optical sensors in order to protect them from light-induced damage.
文摘We present an optical and photoelectron spectroscopic study to elucidate the interfacial electronic properties of organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions formed in a kinetically blocked heptazethrene triisopropylsilyl ethynylene (HZ-TIPS) and its homologue,octazethrene (OZ-TIPS) on an all-inorganic perovskite cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) surface.The photoluminescence behavior of the underlying perovskites upon differing molecular doping conditions was examined.It turns out that the charge transfer dynamics of thermally-evaporated OZ-TIPS molecule exhibited a faster average lifetime than that of the HZ-TIPS case suggesting the importance of the biradical state in the former molecule.An interfacial dipole was formed at the interface due to the competing interaction between the dispersion force of the bulky TIPS-substituent group and the attractive van der Waals interaction at the first few layers.Photoemission spectroscopy of the physisorbed HZ-TIPS shows chemical shifts,which indicates electron transfer from HZ-TIPS molecules to the CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystal.In contrast,the adsorbed OZ-TIPS molecular layer on CsPbBr3 demonstrates the opposite trend indicating a hole transfer process.The average molecular orientation as determined by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) suggests that the HZ-TIPS molecular plane is generally lifted with respect to the perovskite surface.We suggest that the nature of the closed-shell electronic ground state of HZ-TIPS could contribute to the formation of interfacial dipole at the molecule/perovskite interface.
文摘Magnetite Fe304 (ferrite) has attracted considerable interest for its exceptional physical properties: It is predicted to be a semimetallic ferromagnetic with a high Curie temperature, it displays a metal-insulator transition, and has potential oxide-electronics applications. Here, we fabricate a high-magnetization (〉 1 Tesla) high-resistance (-0.1 Ωcm) sub-nanostructured (grain size 〈 3 nm) Fe304 film via grain-size control and nano-engineering. We report a new phenomenon of spin- flipping of the valence-spin tetrahedral FeB* in the sub-nanostructured Fe304 film, which produces the high magnetization. Using soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and soft X-ray absorption, both at the Fe L3,2- and O K-edges, and supported by first-principles and charge-transfer multiple calculations, we observe an anomalous enhancement of double exchange, accompanied by a suppression of the superexchange interactions because of the spin-flipping mechanism via oxygen at the grain boundaries. Our result may open avenues for developing spin- manipulated giant magnetic Fe304-based compounds via nano-grain size control.