艰难梭菌致病机制研究进展

艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)属于革兰阳性厌氧菌,可以导致艰难梭菌感染(Clostridium difficile infection,CDI),是伪膜性结肠炎和抗生素相关性腹泻的主要病原体,并与结肠癌、帕金森病、子痫前期等疾病相关,严重影响患者的健康。研究表明,艰难梭菌可以通过毒素影响MAPK、NF-κB、TLR和ERS等信号转导,由鞭毛和膜囊泡介导炎症反应,与肠道微生物相互作用调节菌群代谢产物水平等途径参与致病。本文总结了艰难梭菌感染引起的相关疾病、致病机理和治疗现状。

Cloning and expression of core gene cDNA of Chinese hepatitis C virus in cosmid pTM3

AIM To clone core gene cDNA of Chinesehepatitis C virus(HCV)into eukaryoticexpression vector cosmid pTM3 and to expressHCV core antigen in HepG2 cells.METHODS Core gene cDNA of HCV wasintroduced into eukaryotic expression vectorcosmid pTM3.Using vaccinia virus/bacteriophage T7 hybrid expression system,HepG2 cells were transfected with therecombinant plasmid pTM3-Q534 by lipofectin.RESULTS From the transfected bacteriaTop10F’,2 pTM3-Q534 clones containing therecombinant plasmid were identified fromrandomly selected 10 ampicillin-resistantcolonies.By reverse transcription PCR andindirect immunofluorescence technique,HCVRNA and core protein was identified in HepG2cells transfected with the recombinant plasmid.CONCLUSION The construction of arecombinant plasmid and the expression of coregene cDNA of HCV in HepG2 was successful.

Biliary tract injury caused by different relative warm ischemia time in liver transplantation in rats

BACKGROUND: There is a controversy over the degree of liver and biliary injury caused by the period of secondary warm ischemia. A liver autotransplantation model was adopted because it excludes the effects of infection and immunological rejection on bile duct injury. This study was undertaken to assess biliary tract injury caused by relative warm ischemia (secondary warm ischemia time in the biliary tract) and reperfusion. METHODS: One hundred and two rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: group I (control); groups 11 to V, relative warm ischemia times of 0 minute, 30 minutes, I hour and 2 hours. In addition to the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, pathomorphology assessment and TUNEL assay were performed to evaluate biliary tract damage. RESULTS: Under the conditions that there were no significant differences in warm ischemia time, cold perfusion time and anhepatic phase, group comparisons showed statistically significant differences. The least injury occurred in group H (portal vein and hepatic artery reperfused simultaneously) but the most severe injury occurred in group V (biliary tract relative warm ischemia time 2 hours). CONCLUSIONS: Relative warm ischemia is one of the factors that result in bile duct injury, and the relationship between relative warm ischemia time the bile injury degree is time-dependent. Simultaneous arterial and portal reperfusion is the best choice to avoid the bile duct injury caused by relative warm ischemia. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8: 247-254)

Colorectal cancer in Guangdong Province of China:A demographic and anatomic survey

AIM:To determine the basic demographic features of colorectal cancer (CRC) in five hospitals located in four different areas of Guangdong Province,China.METHODS:A review of patient records from 1986 to 2006 from five hospitals was conducted. Patient data was obtained,including age,gender,location of le-sions,staging and histological type of CRC. The Chi-square test was used to assess differences in rates and a significance level of 0.05 was used. Univariate com-parisons were made via Fisher's exact tests.RESULTS:Analysis was carried out on 8172 CRC patents,6.1% (499/8172) of the patients were aged ≤ 30 years. The peak incidence was between the ages 61-70 years (27.8%). The mean age at CRC diagnosis increased from 52 years (1986-1988) to 60 years(2004-2006) and the proportion of young CRC patients decreased from 8.0% to 5.9% over the same period. Of 8172 lesions,4434 (54.3%) were located in rectum and 3738 (45.7%) in colon. The incidence of rectal cancer decreased significantly from 59.4% (1989-1991) to 51.8% (2004-2006) and right sided colon cancer increased from 40.6% to 48.2%. The mean age,ana-tomic distribution,histological type and differentiation degree were significantly different among the four geographical areas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The hospitalization rate for CRC has increased in Guangdong in recent years. The characteristics of CRC from the five hospitals located in the four different areas of Guangdong Province are also different. Further studies are needed to assess more recent trend in the incidence and prevalence of CRC as well as the respective roles of genetic and environ-mental factors in CRC.

Transfusion transmitted virus infection in general populations and patients with various liver diseases in south China

INTRODUCTIONAlthough several specific detecting methods hadbeen applied to determine the hepatitis virus,therewas a lot of cryptogenic hepatitis without anyknown hepatitis infectious marker.Theprevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) (also knownas GB-C virus) infection has been reported to be 5%-13% in patients with non-A-E hepatitis andcirrhosis,however,there is little evidencesuggesting that HGV causes hepatitis in human.

Lactosamination of liposomes and hepatotropic targeting research

Site-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs to their target cells is a major scientific challenge for the pharmaceutical sciences. It offers a number of advantages over conventional drug administration. With drug targeting, high local concentrations of the drug can be achieved, thus circumventing many unwanted side effects. Various carriers have been suggested for the delivery of drugs, including liposomes[1 - 5] and (neo ) glycoproteins[6-8]. The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) has frequently been utilized for targeting drugs to the parenchymal liver cell[6- 12]. Liposomes have several advantageous characteristics as drug carrier, and particularly, ligandtacked liposomes achieve a highly effective targeting[13]. Hara et al reported that asialofetuin (AF)-tacked liposomes distributed to rat hepatocytes selectively in vivo[14], and ASGP-R mediated the uptake of AF-liposomes encapsulating IFN-γ by isolated rat hepatocytes in vitro[15]. Lactosaminated human serum albumin (L-HSA) is a neoglycoprotein taking number of galactose residue as terminal sugar[6].

Comparison between standard and long-term application of antibiotics for surgical site infection in orthopedic surgery

Objective To compare the anti-infection results between standard and long-term application of antibiotics in orthopedic surgery. Methods To retrospectively analyze the infection results of selected patients in orthopedic surgery between the years of 1997 and 2000. According to the application way of antibiotics, the patients were divided into 2 groups. In group A, antibiotics were usually not applied. If the operation is too complicated or there would be too many implants were used in the patients’ body, antibioctics would be applied intravenously within 30 min before the operation, the postoperative application of antibiotics were never beyond 36 hours. There were 921 patients in group A. In group B, except the application of antibiotics during the operation, a dose of antibiotics might be or might not be used one day before the surgery, and the postoperative application lasted for, at least, over 36 hours, or till the patients’ body temperature was under 37. 5 ℃. There were 1 213 patients in this

Repair effect of articular cartilage defects by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor

Objective To discuss repairing effects of articular cartilage defects by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (S methylisothiourea, SMT), and explore the role of nitric oxide in cartilage repair. Methods Full-thickness defects of cartilage were created in the intercondylar trochlear groove of femur of thirty-six adult New Zealand white rabbits, and were divided into three gorups. Twenty-four defects were untreated as the control, twenty-four were filled with fibrin glue and impregnated with rhBMP AS rhBMP group, the rest twenty-four were filled with fibrin glue and impregnated with rhBMP, and hypodermic injection with SMT as SMT group. The animals were sacrified at sixteen weeks postoperatively, and the gross appearance of the defect was estimated. The repair tissue was examined histologically and was evaluated according to the grading scale of histology. The amount of released NO and the activities of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) were examined by chemical colorimetry. The distribution of type-Ⅰ , Ⅱ

Recurrence of local segmental glomerulosclerosis in 2 patients with renal allograft and review

Objective Recurrence of local segmental glomerulosderosis(FSGS) in 2 patients with renal allograft was reported. Methods A male child aged 15 years and a male adult aged 25 years with primary FSGS, who were June 2003 Vol12 No2 subjected to cadaveric kidney transplantation, had a recurrent nephritic syndrome showing massive proteinuria, hyperlipidemia and hypertension respectively in 2 weeks and 18 months postoperatively, that was suspected a recurrent FSGS. The child immediately was treated with Benazepril hydrochlocide,30 mg/day plus high dosage of Prednisolone(1 mg/kg every day) for 6 weeks, but proteinuria was not ameliorated The adult was treated with high dosage of Prednisolone(1 mg/kg every) and Tripterygium wifordii for 12 weeks, but the syndrome was not improved. Results Two patients had recurrent FSGS according to renal biopsy revealing characterized by similar features: diffuse effacement of foot processes on electron microscope, segmental or focal sclerosis under light microscope and IgM,

The effect of neuropeptides on proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)and substance P (SP) on proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Methods The rBMSCs were isolated using whole bone marrow

Retrospective study on the risk factors and curative effect of interventional therapy for transplant renal artery stenosis

Objective To investigate the possible causes, curative effect and safety of interventional therapy for transplant renal artery stenosis （TRAS）, Methods The clinical data of 23 postrenal transplantation patients whose final diagnosis of TRAS were confirmed by arteriography between 2000 and 2005 were retrospectively analyzed, including 19 males and 4 females,

Experimental study of gene transfer of insnlin-like growth factor Ⅰ on wound healing of scald rats

Objective To probe into the effect of IGF-I gene transfer on wound healing of scald rats.Methods Eukaryotic recombinant plasmid of pcDNA3.1/IGF-I （successfully constructed by our study group earlier） transported by liposome were injected subdermally in wound region of scald rats.Changes of body weight and tendency of wound healing were observed carefully with in 5 weeks postburn.

Experimental study of the effect of adipose stromal vascular fraction cells on the survival rate of fat transplantation

Objective To investigate the effect of adipose stromal vascular fraction cells(SVFs)on the survival rate of fat ransplantation.Methods 0.5mL autologous fat tissue was mixed with: ① DiI-labeled autologous SVFs (Group A);②

Construction of recombinant adenovirus carrying the human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene using the modified AdEasy system

To construct recombinant adenovirus vector carrying the human bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) gene and amplify the adenovirus vector in 293 E cells.Methods hBMP-2cDNA was inserted into adenovirus shuttle plasmid-pAdtrackCMV to generate a recombinant plasmid pAdtrackCMV-hBMP2,then the PmeⅠ-linearized plasmid pAdtrackCMV-hBMP2 was electroporated into E.coli BJ5183 cells that had been electroporated adenovirus backbone plasmid pAdEasy-1.The DNA contained in the identified recombinant plasmid was digested with PacⅠ and transfected into 293E cells to package the adenovirus,followed by identification of the recombinant adenovirus by means of observation of green fluorescence protein expression under fluorescent microscopy.After amplified in 29E cells,the Adenovirus was transfected into 293 cells,and the green fluorescence protein expression was detected.Results Recombinant adenoviral vector hBMP2 vere was constructed successfully,which was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and GFP expression.Conclusion The combinant adenoviral vector carrying hBMP2 was successfully constructed,and provided the basis of hBMP2 gene therapy.2 refs.

Clinical analysis of squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis

Objective To review the diagnosis and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis. Methods The clinical data,from October 1991 to May 2009,of eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma of renal

Discussion of rationality of radiosurgery therapy on pineal region germ cell tumors

Objective To discuss rationality of stereotaxic radiosurgery as the first therapy strategy on pineal region germ cell tumors. Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical materials of 14cases which received the treatment of gamma knife or X-knife. The condition of tumor changing ,recurrence

Diagnosis and treatment of primary embryonal carcinoma in pineal region:report of two cases and literatures review

Objective Primary embryonal carcinoma in pineal region is extremely rare.Here we report two such cases and combining with literatures review to discuss its diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Methods Two primary embryonal carcinoma in pineal region verified histologically were presented. In one case,the preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level reached significantly high level,6

P53 gene codon 72 polymorphism and susceptibility to keloid

To investigate the relationship between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and susceptibility to keloid in a southern Chinese population.Methods The p53 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB) and DNA direct sequencing in 45 patients with keloid and 60 unrelated healthy controls.Results The frequency of the p53 Pro allele among keloid patients was significantly higher than that among healthy controls (χ2=4.485,P=0.034).The Pro/Arg and Arg/Arg genotype distribution among keloid patients was not significantly different from that among healthy controls (χ2=0.919,1.346;P=0.330,0.246,respectively).However,the Pro/Pro genotype frequency among keloid patients was significantly higher than that among healthy controls (χ2=4.375,P=0.036).The p53 Pro/Pro genotype significantly increased the risk for developing keloid,compared to the combination of Pro/Arg and Arg/Arg genotypes,with the odds ratio (OR) of 2.400 (95% CI:1.048～5.498).Conclusion Determination of the p53 codon 72 genotype may be used as a stratification marker to predicate high-risk individuals for keloid.11 refs.1 tab.

Distribution and pheotype changes of macrophage in infantile hemangioma

Objective To observe distribution and phenotypc changes of macrophage in infantile hemangioma. Methods Forty - three infantile hemangioma samples were harvested from resection operation,Distribution and phenolype changes of macrophages labelled with CD68,

Microsurgical anatomy of the ambient cistern and its related arachnoidal membranes

Objective To study microanatomy features and clinical significance of ambient cisterns and their arachnoidal membranes in detail. Methods Ambient cisterns including their shapes,borders,contents and arachnoidal membranes were observed in 20 cadaveric brains using an operating microscope. Results The