Objective To explore correlation of seven apoptosis-related proteins (Hsp9Oa, p53, MDM2, Bcl-2, Bax, Cytochrome C, and Cleaved caspase3) with clinical outcomes of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Metho...Objective To explore correlation of seven apoptosis-related proteins (Hsp9Oa, p53, MDM2, Bcl-2, Bax, Cytochrome C, and Cleaved caspase3) with clinical outcomes of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Methods Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double staining methods, the expressions of these seven apoptosis-associated proteins were studied to clarify their relationship with clinical outcomes of 36 ALK+ and 25 ALK- systemic ALCL patients enrolled between 1996 and 2006. The relationship of these apoptosis-regulating proteins with NPM-ALK status was also evaluated with the tyrosine inhibitor herbimycin A (HA) in vitro by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and flow cytometric assays. Results The presence of Hsp90a-, MDM2-, Bax-, Cytochrome C, and Cleaved caspase3-positive tumor cells was found significantly different in ALK+ and ALK- ALCLs , which was correlated with highly favorable clinical outcome. The Bcl-2- and p53-positive tumor cells were found in groups of patients with unfavorable prognosis. Inhibition of NPM-ALK by HA could reactivate the p53 protein and subsequent apoptosis-related proteins and therefore induced apoptosis in ALK+ ALCL cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that these seven proteins might be involved in apoptosis regulation and associated with clinical outcome of ALK+ systemic ALCLs. We also reveal a dynamic chain relation that NPM-ALK regulates p53 expression and subsequent apoptosis cascade in ALK+ ALCLs.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the expression of Nestin and Neuron specific nuclear protein antigen(neuron-specific protein,NeuN) at different time points after cerebral ischemia reperfus...Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the expression of Nestin and Neuron specific nuclear protein antigen(neuron-specific protein,NeuN) at different time points after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods:One hundred and fifty SD male rats were used to generate a one-side middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model using thread embolism method,then randomly divided them into the sham operation group,MCAO group,EA group,Nerve Growth Factor(NGF) group and EA+NGF group.The three benzene chloride tetrazolium(TTC) staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction in the rats.Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of immune positive cell markers such as endogenous neural stem cell(NSC) marker protein Nestin,bromodeoxyuridine(Brdu) and NeuN on 1,7 and 14 days after cerebral ischemia in rats,and compared with the sham operation group.Results:TTC detection of the cerebral infarction volume showed that the nerve function injury score of the EA+ NGF group was significantly lower than MCAO group(P < 0.01).Ischemia led to severe loss of brain function,and EA+ NGF helped in the recovery of cerebral ischemia.Immunohistochemical results showed almost no expression of Nestin in the sham operation group;positive cells was expressed significantly higher Nestin on the 7th day(P < 0.05);then was peaked on the 14 th day.Nestin/BrdU labeled cells in the sham operation group showed minor expression,which was increased on the 7th day(P < 0.05) and was peaked on the 14 th day after ischemia.The differences were statistically significant on the 7th and 14 th day among the EA group,NGF group,EA+NGF group and MCAO group(P< 0.05).NeuN expression was higher in the sham operation group,and was increased on the 7th day after ischemia.NeuN/BrdU labeled cells showed higher expression in the sham operation group,the most obvious improvement was in the EA group,and the NGF and EA+NGF groups also showed significantly increased expression,while MCAO group showed the least.Conclusion:Protective effect of EA combined with NGF on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury may induce nerve cell regeneration,accelerate proliferation of newborn cells,and promote differentiation of newborn cells,which is important for the recovery of nerve function.展开更多
Acellular peripheral allograft scaffolds can be fabricated using chemical extraction techniques,but methods for producing acellular scaffold derived from spinal cord tissue are not currently available.The present stud...Acellular peripheral allograft scaffolds can be fabricated using chemical extraction techniques,but methods for producing acellular scaffold derived from spinal cord tissue are not currently available.The present study demonstrated that chemical extraction using Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate could be used to completely remove the cells,axons and neural sheaths in spinal cord extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds.The matrix fibers were longitudinally arranged in a wave-like formation,and were connected by fiber junctions.Lattice-shaped fiber cages appeared and developed into bone trabecula-like changes.The natural structure of matrix fibers in the scaffolds was maintained;this helps to guide the differentiation and migration of implanted stem cells.Decellularized spinal cord extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds can provide an ideal substance for fabricating tissue-engineered spinal cord.展开更多
It has been certified that GABPB1-AS1 is aberrantly expressed and plays as a vital role in some kinds of cancers.However,its expression pattern and functions in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)are still largely unknow...It has been certified that GABPB1-AS1 is aberrantly expressed and plays as a vital role in some kinds of cancers.However,its expression pattern and functions in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)are still largely unknown.This study aims to assess GABPB1-AS1 expression and biological roles in NSCLC.The expression of GABPB1-AS1 was detected in NSCLC specimens and adjacent normal specimens.CCK8 and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effects of GABPB1-AS1 on NSCLC cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Bioinformatics tools and luciferase reporter assays were applied to predict and verify GABPB1-AS1’s direct targets.The results revealed that GABPB1-AS1 is sharply reduced in NSCLC specimens and cell lines.CCK8 assays indicated that overexpression of GABPB1-AS1 dramatically reduced NSCLC cell growth,and Transwell assays proved that NSCLC cell migration and invasion were distinctly inhibited by GABPB1-AS1.Exploration of the mechanism uncovered that miRNA-566(miR-566)/F-box protein 47(FBXO47)is directly targeted by GABPB1-AS1 in NSCLC.The study demonstrated that GABPB1-AS1 inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation,migration and invasion by targeting miR-566/FBXO47.展开更多
In recent decades,haploidentical stem cell transplantation(haplo-SCT)to treat severe aplastic anemia(SAA)has achieved remarkable progress.However,long-term results are still lacking.We conducted a multicenter prospect...In recent decades,haploidentical stem cell transplantation(haplo-SCT)to treat severe aplastic anemia(SAA)has achieved remarkable progress.However,long-term results are still lacking.We conducted a multicenter prospective study involving SAA patients who underwent haplo-SCT as salvage therapy.Long-term outcomes were assessed,mainly focusing on survival and quality of life(QoL).Longitudinal QoL was prospectively evaluated during pretransplantation and at 3 and 5 years posttransplantation using the SF-36 scale in adults and the PedsQL 4.0 scale in children.A total of 287 SAA patients were enrolled,and the median follow-up was 4.56 years(range,3.01–9.05 years)among surviving patients.During the long-term follow-up,268 of 275 evaluable patients(97.5%)obtained sustained full donor chimerism,and 93.4%had complete hematopoietic recovery.The estimated overall survival and failure-free survival for the whole cohort at 9 years were 85.4%±2.1%and 84.0%±2.2%,respectively.Age(≥18 years)and a poorer performance status(ECOG>1)were identified as risk factors for survival outcomes.For Qo L recovery after haplo-SCT,we found that QoL progressively improved from pretransplantation to the 3-year and 5-year time points with statistical significance.The occurrence of chronic graft versus host disease was a risk factor predicting poorer QoL scores in both the child and adult cohorts.At the last followup,74.0%of children and 72.9%of adults returned to normal school or work.These inspiring long-term outcomes suggest that salvage transplantation with haploidentical donors can be routine practice for SAA patients without human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-matched donors.展开更多
Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) remains as an important microbial pathogen resulting in community and nosocomial acquired infections with significant morbidity and mortality. Few reports for S. aureus i...Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) remains as an important microbial pathogen resulting in community and nosocomial acquired infections with significant morbidity and mortality. Few reports for S. aureus in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) have been documented. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in LRTIs in China.Methods A multicenter study of the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in LRTIs was conducted in 21 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and twelve other provinces from November 2007 to February 2009. All the collected S. aureus strains were classified as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), mecA gene, virulence genes Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and y-hemolysin (hlg), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, agr type, and Multilocus Sequence Typinq (MLST).Results Totally, nine methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 29 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were isolated after culture from a total of 2829 sputums or bronchoalveolar lavages. The majority of MRSA strains (22/29) had a MIC value of 〉512 μg/ml for cefoxitin. The mecA gene acting as the conservative gene was carried by all MRSA strains. PVL genes were detected in only one S. aureus strain (2.63%, 1/38). The hlg gene was detected in almost the all S. aureus (100% in MSSA and 96.56% in MRSA strains). About 75.86% of MRSA strains carried SCCmec Ⅲ. Agr type 1 was predominant (78.95%) among the identified three agr types (agr types 1,2, and 3). Totally, ten sequence type (ST) of S. aureus strains were detected. A new sequence type (ST1445) was found besides confirming ST239 as the major sequence type (60.53%). A dendrogram generated from our own MLST database showed all the bootstrap values 〈50%. Conclusion Our preliminary epidemiology data show SCCmec Ⅲ, ST239 and agr type 1 of S. aureus as the predominant strains in LRTIs in Mainland of China.展开更多
Dear Editor,Haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT),a curative therapy for severe aplastic anemia(SAA)patients,has been used clinically for decades.Two models,not involving ex vit...Dear Editor,Haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT),a curative therapy for severe aplastic anemia(SAA)patients,has been used clinically for decades.Two models,not involving ex vitro T-cell depletion,have been adopted for haplo-HSCT in patients with SAA.The first is referred to as the"Beijing protocol"(Xu et al.,2017),and comprises a conditioning regimen using busulfex(BU),cyclophosphamide(CY).展开更多
Background Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii ) remains an important microbial pathogen resulting in nosocomialacquired infections with significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanism by which nosocomial bacteri...Background Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii ) remains an important microbial pathogen resulting in nosocomialacquired infections with significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanism by which nosocomial bacteria, like A. baumanii, attain multidrug resistance to antibiotics is of considerable interest. The aim in this study was to investigate the spread status of antibiotic resistance genes, such as multiple 13-1actamase genes and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes, from A. baumanii strains isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Methods Two thousand six hundred and ninety-eight sputum or the bronchoalveolar lavage samples from inpatients with LRTIs were collected in 21 hospitals in the mainland of China from November 2007 to February 2009. All samples were routinely inoculated. The isolated bacterial strains and their susceptibility were analyzed via VITEK-2 expert system. Several kinds of antibiotic resistant genes were further differentiated via polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. Results Totally, 39 A. baumanii strains were isolated from 2698 sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples. There was not only a high resistant rate of the isolated A. baumanfi strains to ampicillin and first- and second-generation cephalosporins (94.87%, 100% and 97.44%, respectively), but also to the third-generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone at 92.31%, ceftazidine at 51.28%) and imipenem (43.59%) as well. The lowest antibiotic resistance rate of 20.51% was found to amikacin. The OXA-23 gene was identified in 17 strains of A. baumanii, and the AmpC gene in 23 strains. The TEM-1 gene was carried in 15 strains. PER-1 and SHV-2 genes were detected in two different strains. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene aac-3-1a was found in 23 strains, and the aac-6"lb gene in 19 strains, aac-3-1a and aac-6"lb genes hibernated in three A. baumanfi strains that showed no drug-resistant phenotype. Conclusions A. baumanii can carry multiple drug-resistant genes at the same time and result in multi-drug resistance. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes could be hibernating in aminoglycoside sensitive strains without expressing their phenotype.展开更多
Background Statins are known as a lipid-lowering drug as well as anti-inflammatory effect, this article aimed to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and determine the r...Background Statins are known as a lipid-lowering drug as well as anti-inflammatory effect, this article aimed to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and determine the related mechanisms in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods The levels of IL-6 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were respectively determined by quantitative PCR and western-blot. Results LPS could significantly increase mRNA expression of IL-6 and its secretion in dose- and time-dependent manners, which could be significantly attenuated by atorvastatin. In addition, HO-1 expression could be significantly increased by atorvastatin treatment, and it could be remarkably attenuated by SB203580 and PD98059 but not SP600125, which suggests that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways participate in regulating the above-mentioned effects of atorvastatin on HO-1 expression. In addition, SnPP, a kind of HO-1 activity inhibitor could significantly attenuate atorvastatin’s effects on IL-6 expression and secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Conclusions Atorvastatin can attenuate LPS-induced IL-6 expression and secretion by activating HO-1 via ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, which helps to explain atorvastatin has pleiotropic benefits for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation.展开更多
Despite surgical improvements and pharmacological advances,management of late-stage gastric cancer patients,especially those with hepatic metastasis remains challenging[1–3].Although nationwide registry data from SEE...Despite surgical improvements and pharmacological advances,management of late-stage gastric cancer patients,especially those with hepatic metastasis remains challenging[1–3].Although nationwide registry data from SEER(Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results)[4]and the Nordic database[5]in Western countries have provided epidemiological information for patients with gastric cancer liver metastasis(GCLM),little is known about the detailed clinical characteristics.展开更多
China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer.There are differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and ...China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer.There are differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries.Non-Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients.The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile,discuss,and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence-based medicine in China and abroad.By referring to the opinions of industry experts,taking into account of regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted experts’consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes.This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis,comprehensive treatment,and follow-up visits for gastric cancer.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30901169)
文摘Objective To explore correlation of seven apoptosis-related proteins (Hsp9Oa, p53, MDM2, Bcl-2, Bax, Cytochrome C, and Cleaved caspase3) with clinical outcomes of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Methods Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double staining methods, the expressions of these seven apoptosis-associated proteins were studied to clarify their relationship with clinical outcomes of 36 ALK+ and 25 ALK- systemic ALCL patients enrolled between 1996 and 2006. The relationship of these apoptosis-regulating proteins with NPM-ALK status was also evaluated with the tyrosine inhibitor herbimycin A (HA) in vitro by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and flow cytometric assays. Results The presence of Hsp90a-, MDM2-, Bax-, Cytochrome C, and Cleaved caspase3-positive tumor cells was found significantly different in ALK+ and ALK- ALCLs , which was correlated with highly favorable clinical outcome. The Bcl-2- and p53-positive tumor cells were found in groups of patients with unfavorable prognosis. Inhibition of NPM-ALK by HA could reactivate the p53 protein and subsequent apoptosis-related proteins and therefore induced apoptosis in ALK+ ALCL cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that these seven proteins might be involved in apoptosis regulation and associated with clinical outcome of ALK+ systemic ALCLs. We also reveal a dynamic chain relation that NPM-ALK regulates p53 expression and subsequent apoptosis cascade in ALK+ ALCLs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.81072947,81473470)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(8152800007000001,2014A030311033,2016A030310239)
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the expression of Nestin and Neuron specific nuclear protein antigen(neuron-specific protein,NeuN) at different time points after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods:One hundred and fifty SD male rats were used to generate a one-side middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model using thread embolism method,then randomly divided them into the sham operation group,MCAO group,EA group,Nerve Growth Factor(NGF) group and EA+NGF group.The three benzene chloride tetrazolium(TTC) staining was used to detect the volume of cerebral infarction in the rats.Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of immune positive cell markers such as endogenous neural stem cell(NSC) marker protein Nestin,bromodeoxyuridine(Brdu) and NeuN on 1,7 and 14 days after cerebral ischemia in rats,and compared with the sham operation group.Results:TTC detection of the cerebral infarction volume showed that the nerve function injury score of the EA+ NGF group was significantly lower than MCAO group(P < 0.01).Ischemia led to severe loss of brain function,and EA+ NGF helped in the recovery of cerebral ischemia.Immunohistochemical results showed almost no expression of Nestin in the sham operation group;positive cells was expressed significantly higher Nestin on the 7th day(P < 0.05);then was peaked on the 14 th day.Nestin/BrdU labeled cells in the sham operation group showed minor expression,which was increased on the 7th day(P < 0.05) and was peaked on the 14 th day after ischemia.The differences were statistically significant on the 7th and 14 th day among the EA group,NGF group,EA+NGF group and MCAO group(P< 0.05).NeuN expression was higher in the sham operation group,and was increased on the 7th day after ischemia.NeuN/BrdU labeled cells showed higher expression in the sham operation group,the most obvious improvement was in the EA group,and the NGF and EA+NGF groups also showed significantly increased expression,while MCAO group showed the least.Conclusion:Protective effect of EA combined with NGF on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury may induce nerve cell regeneration,accelerate proliferation of newborn cells,and promote differentiation of newborn cells,which is important for the recovery of nerve function.
基金Science Foundation of Shaoguan in Guangdong Province, No. 2010-07the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China, No. 10451202602005995
文摘Acellular peripheral allograft scaffolds can be fabricated using chemical extraction techniques,but methods for producing acellular scaffold derived from spinal cord tissue are not currently available.The present study demonstrated that chemical extraction using Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate could be used to completely remove the cells,axons and neural sheaths in spinal cord extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds.The matrix fibers were longitudinally arranged in a wave-like formation,and were connected by fiber junctions.Lattice-shaped fiber cages appeared and developed into bone trabecula-like changes.The natural structure of matrix fibers in the scaffolds was maintained;this helps to guide the differentiation and migration of implanted stem cells.Decellularized spinal cord extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds can provide an ideal substance for fabricating tissue-engineered spinal cord.
基金supported by the Highlevel Hospital Construction Research Project of Maoming People’s Hospital[Grant No.zx2020012]Maoming Science and Technology Project Special Fund in 2020[Grant No.2020KJZX014]Maoming Science and Technology Project[Grant No.2020395].
文摘It has been certified that GABPB1-AS1 is aberrantly expressed and plays as a vital role in some kinds of cancers.However,its expression pattern and functions in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)are still largely unknown.This study aims to assess GABPB1-AS1 expression and biological roles in NSCLC.The expression of GABPB1-AS1 was detected in NSCLC specimens and adjacent normal specimens.CCK8 and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effects of GABPB1-AS1 on NSCLC cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Bioinformatics tools and luciferase reporter assays were applied to predict and verify GABPB1-AS1’s direct targets.The results revealed that GABPB1-AS1 is sharply reduced in NSCLC specimens and cell lines.CCK8 assays indicated that overexpression of GABPB1-AS1 dramatically reduced NSCLC cell growth,and Transwell assays proved that NSCLC cell migration and invasion were distinctly inhibited by GABPB1-AS1.Exploration of the mechanism uncovered that miRNA-566(miR-566)/F-box protein 47(FBXO47)is directly targeted by GABPB1-AS1 in NSCLC.The study demonstrated that GABPB1-AS1 inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation,migration and invasion by targeting miR-566/FBXO47.
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81621001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82100227)+1 种基金the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0104500)。
文摘In recent decades,haploidentical stem cell transplantation(haplo-SCT)to treat severe aplastic anemia(SAA)has achieved remarkable progress.However,long-term results are still lacking.We conducted a multicenter prospective study involving SAA patients who underwent haplo-SCT as salvage therapy.Long-term outcomes were assessed,mainly focusing on survival and quality of life(QoL).Longitudinal QoL was prospectively evaluated during pretransplantation and at 3 and 5 years posttransplantation using the SF-36 scale in adults and the PedsQL 4.0 scale in children.A total of 287 SAA patients were enrolled,and the median follow-up was 4.56 years(range,3.01–9.05 years)among surviving patients.During the long-term follow-up,268 of 275 evaluable patients(97.5%)obtained sustained full donor chimerism,and 93.4%had complete hematopoietic recovery.The estimated overall survival and failure-free survival for the whole cohort at 9 years were 85.4%±2.1%and 84.0%±2.2%,respectively.Age(≥18 years)and a poorer performance status(ECOG>1)were identified as risk factors for survival outcomes.For Qo L recovery after haplo-SCT,we found that QoL progressively improved from pretransplantation to the 3-year and 5-year time points with statistical significance.The occurrence of chronic graft versus host disease was a risk factor predicting poorer QoL scores in both the child and adult cohorts.At the last followup,74.0%of children and 72.9%of adults returned to normal school or work.These inspiring long-term outcomes suggest that salvage transplantation with haploidentical donors can be routine practice for SAA patients without human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-matched donors.
文摘Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) remains as an important microbial pathogen resulting in community and nosocomial acquired infections with significant morbidity and mortality. Few reports for S. aureus in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) have been documented. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in LRTIs in China.Methods A multicenter study of the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in LRTIs was conducted in 21 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and twelve other provinces from November 2007 to February 2009. All the collected S. aureus strains were classified as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), mecA gene, virulence genes Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and y-hemolysin (hlg), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, agr type, and Multilocus Sequence Typinq (MLST).Results Totally, nine methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 29 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were isolated after culture from a total of 2829 sputums or bronchoalveolar lavages. The majority of MRSA strains (22/29) had a MIC value of 〉512 μg/ml for cefoxitin. The mecA gene acting as the conservative gene was carried by all MRSA strains. PVL genes were detected in only one S. aureus strain (2.63%, 1/38). The hlg gene was detected in almost the all S. aureus (100% in MSSA and 96.56% in MRSA strains). About 75.86% of MRSA strains carried SCCmec Ⅲ. Agr type 1 was predominant (78.95%) among the identified three agr types (agr types 1,2, and 3). Totally, ten sequence type (ST) of S. aureus strains were detected. A new sequence type (ST1445) was found besides confirming ST239 as the major sequence type (60.53%). A dendrogram generated from our own MLST database showed all the bootstrap values 〈50%. Conclusion Our preliminary epidemiology data show SCCmec Ⅲ, ST239 and agr type 1 of S. aureus as the predominant strains in LRTIs in Mainland of China.
文摘Dear Editor,Haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT),a curative therapy for severe aplastic anemia(SAA)patients,has been used clinically for decades.Two models,not involving ex vitro T-cell depletion,have been adopted for haplo-HSCT in patients with SAA.The first is referred to as the"Beijing protocol"(Xu et al.,2017),and comprises a conditioning regimen using busulfex(BU),cyclophosphamide(CY).
文摘Background Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumanii ) remains an important microbial pathogen resulting in nosocomialacquired infections with significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanism by which nosocomial bacteria, like A. baumanii, attain multidrug resistance to antibiotics is of considerable interest. The aim in this study was to investigate the spread status of antibiotic resistance genes, such as multiple 13-1actamase genes and aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes, from A. baumanii strains isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Methods Two thousand six hundred and ninety-eight sputum or the bronchoalveolar lavage samples from inpatients with LRTIs were collected in 21 hospitals in the mainland of China from November 2007 to February 2009. All samples were routinely inoculated. The isolated bacterial strains and their susceptibility were analyzed via VITEK-2 expert system. Several kinds of antibiotic resistant genes were further differentiated via polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. Results Totally, 39 A. baumanii strains were isolated from 2698 sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples. There was not only a high resistant rate of the isolated A. baumanfi strains to ampicillin and first- and second-generation cephalosporins (94.87%, 100% and 97.44%, respectively), but also to the third-generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone at 92.31%, ceftazidine at 51.28%) and imipenem (43.59%) as well. The lowest antibiotic resistance rate of 20.51% was found to amikacin. The OXA-23 gene was identified in 17 strains of A. baumanii, and the AmpC gene in 23 strains. The TEM-1 gene was carried in 15 strains. PER-1 and SHV-2 genes were detected in two different strains. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene aac-3-1a was found in 23 strains, and the aac-6"lb gene in 19 strains, aac-3-1a and aac-6"lb genes hibernated in three A. baumanfi strains that showed no drug-resistant phenotype. Conclusions A. baumanii can carry multiple drug-resistant genes at the same time and result in multi-drug resistance. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes could be hibernating in aminoglycoside sensitive strains without expressing their phenotype.
文摘Background Statins are known as a lipid-lowering drug as well as anti-inflammatory effect, this article aimed to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and determine the related mechanisms in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods The levels of IL-6 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were respectively determined by quantitative PCR and western-blot. Results LPS could significantly increase mRNA expression of IL-6 and its secretion in dose- and time-dependent manners, which could be significantly attenuated by atorvastatin. In addition, HO-1 expression could be significantly increased by atorvastatin treatment, and it could be remarkably attenuated by SB203580 and PD98059 but not SP600125, which suggests that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways participate in regulating the above-mentioned effects of atorvastatin on HO-1 expression. In addition, SnPP, a kind of HO-1 activity inhibitor could significantly attenuate atorvastatin’s effects on IL-6 expression and secretion in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Conclusions Atorvastatin can attenuate LPS-induced IL-6 expression and secretion by activating HO-1 via ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, which helps to explain atorvastatin has pleiotropic benefits for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972790)the Beijing Nova Program(Z181100006218011).
文摘Despite surgical improvements and pharmacological advances,management of late-stage gastric cancer patients,especially those with hepatic metastasis remains challenging[1–3].Although nationwide registry data from SEER(Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results)[4]and the Nordic database[5]in Western countries have provided epidemiological information for patients with gastric cancer liver metastasis(GCLM),little is known about the detailed clinical characteristics.
文摘China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer.There are differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries.Non-Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients.The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile,discuss,and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence-based medicine in China and abroad.By referring to the opinions of industry experts,taking into account of regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted experts’consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes.This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis,comprehensive treatment,and follow-up visits for gastric cancer.