Grain size, determined by grain length, grain width and grain thickness, is associated with grain yield and quality. Many genes controlling grain size were cloned and their related regulatory mechanisms were clearly c...Grain size, determined by grain length, grain width and grain thickness, is associated with grain yield and quality. Many genes controlling grain size were cloned and their related regulatory mechanisms were clearly clarified. However, whether these genes can be directly introduced into japonica rice for grain size improvement is unknown.展开更多
To understand the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality(ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure ...To understand the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality(ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure of two Waxy(Wx) alleles japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108(NJ9108) and Huaidao 5(HD5) under four N rates(0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha^-1). Sensory and pasting properties of the two cultivars varied depending on N rates. Compared with the control(0 kg ha^-1), the overall eating quality and sensory value were significantly decreased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. Further, conventional descriptive analysis showed that the stickiness and retrogradation of cooked rice were significantly decreased. These results indicated that application of N fertilizer seems to affect the texture of cooked rice, causing it to be less sticky, lowering its retrogradation, and consequently reducing its palatability. Results from rapid visco analyzer(RVA) revealed that the peak and breakdown viscosities significantly decreased, while the setback viscosity and peak time increased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. However, no significant difference was observed when the N rate was 150 kg ha^-1, indicating that less N fertilization can maintain rice ECQ. As the N rate increasing, protein content increased, whereas apparent amylose content, starch content, and gel consistency almost unchanged. Interestingly, compared with the control, under N treatments, the percentage of short amylopectin branches in NJ9108 was decreased, but increased in HD5, as controlled by amylopectin synthesis-related genes. Notably, SSI and BEIIb were down-regulated in NJ9108, whereas BEIIb was up-regulated in HD5. Thus, the palatability of both rice cultivars was significantly decreased under excessive N fertilization as a consequence of reduced stickiness and retrogradation of the cooked rice, which might have resulted from an elevated protein content and altered amylopectin fine structure. In addition, amylopectin synthesis appeared to be affected by N fertilizer and the genotype of the rice cultivar.展开更多
In this study we report the results of a decade-long breeding program for japonica super rice made by Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. We conc...In this study we report the results of a decade-long breeding program for japonica super rice made by Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. We concluded that selection of parents with good comprehensive traits and complementary advantages and disadvantages of both parents in the hybrid combination, and early selection of high heritability traits in earlier segregating generations could significantly improve the breeding efficiency. The use of closely-linked functional markers in pyramiding of multiple genes could greatly increase breeding efficiency, avoiding time-consuming and laborious steps that were used in traditional breeding program. It is also important to coordinate the yield components with variety characteristics such as yield stability, wide adaptability, lodging resistance, and an attractive grain appearance during late growth stage of rice.展开更多
The waxy gene(Wx) in rice, which encodes the granule bound starch synthase enzyme, is responsible for amylose synthesis. Glutinous(sticky) rice has little or no amylose that can be used in various applications, such a...The waxy gene(Wx) in rice, which encodes the granule bound starch synthase enzyme, is responsible for amylose synthesis. Glutinous(sticky) rice has little or no amylose that can be used in various applications, such as brewing. In this study, knockout of the Wx gene with CRISPR/Cas9 technology was conducted in two elite japonica rice lines, Huaidao 5(HD5) and Suken 118(SK118), aiming to develop elite sticky rice varieties. We achieved six homozygous T_0 plants with more than 200 bp deletion in the Wx gene, as well as 36 wx-HD5 and 18 wx-SK118 homozygous transgene-free plants in the T_1 generation. The seeds of all the mutants were white and opaque, similar to those of sticky rice, and contained only 2.6%–3.2% amylose. Results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the quality of rice did not change. In conclusion, we successfully developed two elite sticky rice varieties.展开更多
AIM: To compare and analyze the effects of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in Chinese subjects.METHODS: In 2008, a population of 4847 subjects wa...AIM: To compare and analyze the effects of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in Chinese subjects.METHODS: In 2008, a population of 4847 subjects was randomly sampled from 17 medical units for enrollment in this cohort study. Baseline information was obtained via a questionnaire on general information, physical examination(height, weight, and blood pressure), laboratory tests(triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), uric acid, and creatinine), B-mode ultrasound, and ECG screening. The incidence of T2 DM after four years of follow-up was calculated. Numeric variable data was tested for normality, with the data expressed as mean ± SD. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to calculate the cumulative incidence. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the relative risk(RR) of different body mass index(BMI) levels and NAFLD on T2 DM, as well as analyzingthe RR adjusted for age, sex, blood pressure, lipids, transaminases, uric acid, and creatinine.RESULTS: A total of 4736(97.71%) subjects completed 4-year follow-up, with a median follow-up time of 3.85 years, totaling 17223 person-years. 380 subjects were diagnosed with T2 DM, with a cumulative incidence of 8.0%. The cumulative incidence of T2 DM in the NAFLD and control groups was 17.4% vs 4.1%(P < 0.001), respectively, while the incidence in overweight and obese subjects was 11.0% vs 15.8%(P < 0.001), respectively. The incidence of T2 DM increased with an increase in baseline BMI. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of T2 DM in the NAFLD group(RR = 4.492, 95%CI: 3.640-5.542) after adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, lipids, ALT, uric acid, and creatinine was 3.367(2.367-4.266), whi le t he value(RR, 95%CI) in overweight and obese subjects after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, lipids and other factors was 1.274(0.997-1.629) and 1.554(1.140-2.091), respectively. Stratification of three BMI levels(BMI < 24 kg/m2, 2 4 k g / m2 ≤ B M I < 2 8 k g / m2, B M I ≥ 2 8 k g / m2) showed that the risk of T2 DM in the NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(RR = 3.860, 4.049 and 3.823, respectively).CONCLUSION: Compared with BMI, NAFLD could be better at forecasting the risk of T2 DM in Chinese subjects, and may be a high risk factor for T2 DM, independent of overweight/obesity.展开更多
Land use practice significantly affects soil properties. Soil is a major sink for atmospheric carbon, and soil organic carbon (SOC) is considered as an essential indicator of soil quality. The objective of this stud...Land use practice significantly affects soil properties. Soil is a major sink for atmospheric carbon, and soil organic carbon (SOC) is considered as an essential indicator of soil quality. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of N and P applied to Suaeda salsa on biomass production, SOC concentration, labile organic carbon (LOC) concentration, SOC pool and carbon management index (CMI) as well as the effect of the land use practice on soil quality of coastal tidal lands in east coastal region of China. The study provided relevant references for coastal exploitation, tidal land management and related study in other countries and regions. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, consisting of four N-fertilization rates (0 (NO), 60 (N1), 120 (N2) and 180 kg ha-1 (N3)), three P-fertilization rates (0 (P0), 70 (P1) and 105 kg ha-~ (P2)) and bare land without vegetation. N and P applied to S. salsa on coastal tidal lands significantly affected biomass production (above-ground biomass and roots), bulk density (Pb), available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool and CMI. Using statistical analysis, significantly interactions in N and P were observed for biomass production and the dominant factor for S. salsa production was N in continuous 2-yr experiments. There were no significant interactions between N and P for SOC concentration, LOC concentration and SOC pool. However, significant interaction was obtained for CMI at the 0-20 cm depth and N played a dominant role in the variation of CMI. There were significant improvements for soil measured attributes and parameters, which suggested that increasing the rates of N and P significantly decreased Pb at the 0-20 cm depth and increased available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool as well as CMI at both the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depth, respectively. By correlation analysis, there were significantly positive correlations between biomass (above- ground biomass and roots) and SOC as well as LOC in 2010 and 2011 across all soil depth, respectively. The treatment with N at 180 kg ha-~ and P at 105 kg ha-1 was superior to the other treatments. The results from the 2-yr continuous experiments indicated that, in short-term, there were a few accumulation of SOC and LOC concentrations by means of N and P application to S. salsa, whereas in the long run, S. salsa with N and P application was recommended for coastal tidal lands because of its great potential of carbon sequestration, improvements of soil nutrition status and promotion of soil quality.展开更多
Grain size traits, including grain length, grain width and grain thickness, are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Many QTLs relating to rice grain size traits had been reported, but their control mechani...Grain size traits, including grain length, grain width and grain thickness, are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Many QTLs relating to rice grain size traits had been reported, but their control mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 240 lines, deriving from a cross between TD70, an extra-large grain size japonica line with 80 g of 1000-grain weight, and Kasalath, a small grain size indica variety, were constructed and used to map grain size QTLs to a linkage map by using 141 SSR markers in 2010 and 2011. Five QTLs for grain length, six for grain width and seven for grain thickness were detected distributing over chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12. Seven QTLs, namely qGL3.1, qGW2, qGW2.2, qGW5.1, qGW5.2, qGT2.3 and qGT3.1, were detected in either of the two years and explained for 56.19%, 4.42%, 29.41%, 10.37%, 7.61%, 21.19% and 17.06% of the observed phenotypic variances on average, respectively. The marker interval RM1347-RM5699 on chromosome 2 was found common for grain length, grain width and grain thickness; qGL3.1 and qGT3.1 were mapped to the same interval RM6080-RM6832 on chromosome 3. All 18 QTL alleles were derived from the large grain parent TD70. Most of the QTLs mapped in the present study were found the same as the genes previously cloned (GW2, GS3 or qGL3, GW5 and GS5), and several were the same as the QTLs (GS7 and qGL-7) previously mapped. Three QTLs, qGL2.2 on chromosome 2, qGW9 and qGT9 on chromosome 9, were first detected. These results laid a foundation for further fine mapping or cloning of these QTLs.展开更多
Diversity of 60 conventional japonica rice accessions with good eating quality at home and abroad was analyzed using SSR molecular markers, agronomic traits and taste characteristics. A total of 290 alleles were detec...Diversity of 60 conventional japonica rice accessions with good eating quality at home and abroad was analyzed using SSR molecular markers, agronomic traits and taste characteristics. A total of 290 alleles were detected in the 60 accessions at 72 SSR loci with the high similarity coefficients varying between 0.600 and 0.924. The loci on chromosome 5 showed the greatest value in average allele number. Additionally, most of the SSR loci could detect 3 to 4 alleles. An UPGMA dendrogram based on the cluster analysis of the genetic similarity coefficients showed that the grouping trend of part of the rice accessions was geographic-related and most of the rice accessions in Jiangsu Province, China were clustered together. Furthermore, many domestic accessions from south and north origins in China were close to the foreign japonica rice varieties, as proved by their pedigree origin from the foreign high-quality sources. For taste characteristics, part of the accessions with excellent taste were clearly clustered into one category though they came from different geographical regions, which indicates that taste characteristics of some varieties were mainly genetically determined. In addition, the agronomic traits of japonica rice with good taste might be closely related with their geographical origins, but the relationship between superior taste characteristics and agronomic traits should be further clarified.展开更多
Japonica rice variety Kanto 194 as the donor of resistance gene Stv-b^i and Iow-amylose content gene Wx-mq was used to improve the resistance and eating quality of Wuyujing 3 by the breeding strategy of backcross. In ...Japonica rice variety Kanto 194 as the donor of resistance gene Stv-b^i and Iow-amylose content gene Wx-mq was used to improve the resistance and eating quality of Wuyujing 3 by the breeding strategy of backcross. In continuous backcross and selfcross generations, the related molecular markers with Stvobi and Wx-mq genes were utilized for genotypic detection by associated with resistance identification of rice stripe disease and agronomic traits selection. Finally, 10 improved lines with homozygous genotype Stv-b^i Stv-b^iWx-mqWx-mq were obtained from BC3F4 generation. The results of comparative analysis indicated that most characters of these lines were consistent with those of recipient parent Wuyujing 3, except for the improved resistance, appearance and eating quality. By evaluation of the comprehensive performance of them, two excellent lines K01 and K04 were selected for further experiments.展开更多
A deep foundation pit constructed for an underground transportation hub was excavated near the Yangtze River. Among the strata, there are two confined aquifers, between which lies an aquiclude that is partially missin...A deep foundation pit constructed for an underground transportation hub was excavated near the Yangtze River. Among the strata, there are two confined aquifers, between which lies an aquiclude that is partially missing. To guarantee the safety of pit excavation, the piezometric head of the upper confined aquifer, where the pit bottom is located, should be 1 m below the pit bottom, while that of the lower confined aquifer should be dewatered down to a safe water level to avoid uplift problem. The Yangtze River levee is notably close to the pit, and its deformation caused by dewatering should be controlled. A pumping test was performed to obtain the hydraulic conductivity of the upper confined aquifer. The average value of the hydraulic conductivity obtained from analytical calculation is 20.45 m/d, which is larger than the values from numerical simulation(horizontal hydraulic conductivity K_H = 16 m/d and vertical hydraulic conductivity K_V = S m/d). The difference between K_H and K_V indicates the anisotropy of the aquifer. Two dewatering schemes were designed for the construction and simulated by the numerical models for comparison purposes. The results show that though the first scheme could meet the dewatering requirements, the largest accumulated settlement and differential settlement would be94.64 mm and 3.3‰, respectively, greatly exceeding the limited values. Meanwhile, the second scheme,in which the bottoms of the waterproof curtains in ramp B and the river side of ramp A are installed at a deeper elevation of-28 m above sea level, and 27 recharge wells are set along the levee, can control the deformation of the levee significantly.展开更多
A high-yielding japonica rice variety, Wuyunjing 7, bred in Jiangsu Province, China as a female parent was crossed with a Japanese rice variety Kantou 194, which carries a rice stripe disease resistance gene Stv-b' a...A high-yielding japonica rice variety, Wuyunjing 7, bred in Jiangsu Province, China as a female parent was crossed with a Japanese rice variety Kantou 194, which carries a rice stripe disease resistance gene Stv-b' and a translucent endosperm mutant gene Wx-mq. From F2 generations, a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker tightly linked with Stv-b' and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for Wx-mq were used for marker-assisted selection. Finally, a new japonica rice line, Ning 9108, with excellent agronomic traits was obtained by multi-generational selection on stripe disease resistance and endosperm appearance. The utilization of the markers from genes related to rice quality and disease resistance was helpful not only for establishing a marker-assisted selection system of high-quality and disease resistance for rice but also for providing important intermediate materials and rapid selection method for good quality, disease resistance and high yield in rice breeding.展开更多
Careful soil management is important for the soil quality and productivity improvement of the reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline land in northern Jiangsu Province, China. Farmyard manure( FYM) and mulch application...Careful soil management is important for the soil quality and productivity improvement of the reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline land in northern Jiangsu Province, China. Farmyard manure( FYM) and mulch applications, which affect soil characteristics and plant significantly, are regard as an effective pattern of saline land improvement. As a conventional management in the study region, FYM and mulch are used for the amendment of the new reclaimed tidal flat regularly, but little is known about their effects on soil physical properties functioning. A study was conducted on a typical coastal tidal flat saline land, which was reclaimed in 2005, to evaluate the effects of FYM, polyethylene film mulch(PM), straw mulch(SM), FYM combined with PM(FYM+PM), FYM combined with SM(FYM+SM), on soil hydraulic properties and soil mechanical impedance. CK represented conventional cultivation in study area without FYM and mulch application and served as a control. The experiment, laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, was studied in Huanghaiyuan Farm, which specialized in the agricultural utilization for coastal tidal flat. Result showed that capillary water holding capacity(CHC), saturated water content(SWC), saturated hydraulic conductivity( Ks) and bulk density(BD), cone index(CI) were affected significantly by the FYM and mulch application, especially in the 0-10 cm soil layer. FYM and mulch management increased CHC, SWC and Ks over all soil depth in the order of FYM+SM〉FYM+PM〉FYM〉SM〉PM〉CK. With the contrary sequence, BD and CI decreased significantly; however, FYM and mulch application affected BD and CI only in the upper soil layers. CHC, SWC and Ks decreased significantly with the increasing of soil depth, BD and CI, and a significant liner equation was found between CHC, SWC, Ks and BD, CI. With the highest CHC(38.15%), SWC(39.55%), Ks(6.00 mm h-1) and the lowest BD(1.26 g cm-3) and CI(2.71 MPa), the combined management of FYM and SM was recommend to be an effective method for the melioration of reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline soil.展开更多
Ab The cold tolerance at the bud bursting stage (CTB) was evaluated at 5℃ by using a set of 95 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from an indica rice 9311 and a japonica rice Nipponbare with a ...Ab The cold tolerance at the bud bursting stage (CTB) was evaluated at 5℃ by using a set of 95 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from an indica rice 9311 and a japonica rice Nipponbare with a genetic background of 9311. The result showed that six CSSLs had slightly stronger effect on CTB than 9311. Total four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for CTB were preliminary mapped on chromosomes 5 and 7 by substitution mapping, qCTB-5-1, qCTB-5-2 and qCTB-5-3 were mapped in the region of RM267-RM1237, RM2422-RM6054 and RM3321-RM1054, which were 21.3 cM, 27.4 cM and 12.7 cM in genetic distance on rice chromosome 5, respectively, qCTB-7 was mapped in a 6.8-cM region of RM11-RM2752 on rice chromosome 7.展开更多
Weeds and weedy rice plague commercial rice fields in many countries. Developingherbicide-tolerance rice is the most efficient strategy to control weed proliferation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, which generates...Weeds and weedy rice plague commercial rice fields in many countries. Developingherbicide-tolerance rice is the most efficient strategy to control weed proliferation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, which generates small InDels and nucleotide substitutions atand around target sites using error-prone non-homologous end joining DNA repairing, hasbeen widely adopted for generation of novel crop germplasm with a wide range of geneticvariation in important agronomic traits. We created a novel herbicide-tolerance allele inrice by targeting the acetolactate synthase (OsALS) gene using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated geneediting. The novel allele (G628W) arose from a G-to-T transversion at position 1882 of OsALSand conferred a high level of herbicide tolerance. Transgene-free progeny carryinghomozygous G628W allele were identified and showed agronomic performance similar tothat of wild-type plants, suggesting that the G628W allele is a valuable resource fordeveloping elite rice varieties with strong herbicide tolerance. To promote use of the G628Wallele and to accelerate introgression and/or pyramiding of the G628W allele with other elitealleles, we developed a DNA marker for the G628W allele that accurately and robustlydistinguished homozygous from heterozygous segregants. Our result further demonstratesthe feasibility of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in creating novel genetic variation forcrop breeding.展开更多
In this study,we developed a novel on-line solid phase extraction(SPE)-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)-based analytical method for simultaneously quantifying 12 illic...In this study,we developed a novel on-line solid phase extraction(SPE)-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)-based analytical method for simultaneously quantifying 12 illicit drugs and metabolites(methamphetamine,amphetamine,morphine,codeine,6-monoacetylmorphine,benzoylecgonine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine,cocaine,ketamine,norketamine,and methcathinone)and cotinine(COT)in wastewater samples.The analysis was performed by loading 2 m L of the sample onto an Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge and using a cleanup step(5%methanol)to eliminate interference with a total run time of 13 min.The isotope-labeled internal standard method was used to quantify the target substances and correct for unavoidable losses and matrix effects during the on-line SPE process.Typical analytical characteristics used for method validation were sensitivity,linearity,precision,repeatability,recovery,and matrix effects.The limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantification(LOQ)of each target were set at 0.20 ng/L and 0.50 ng/L,respectively.The linearity was between 0.5 ng/L and250 ng/L,except for that of COT.The intra-and inter-day precisions were<10.45%and 25.64%,respectively,and the relative recovery ranged from 83.74%to 162.26%.The method was used to analyze various wastewater samples from 33 cities in China,and the results were compared with the experimental results of identical samples analyzed using off-line SPE.The difference rate was between 19.91%and-20.44%,and the error range could be considered acceptable.These findings showed that on-line SPE is a suitable alternative to off-line SPE for the analysis of illicit drugs in samples.展开更多
Intron-targeted gene insertion strategy using CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated Cas9) has been shown to be a potential tool for crop genetic improvement by targete...Intron-targeted gene insertion strategy using CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated Cas9) has been shown to be a potential tool for crop genetic improvement by targeted mutagenesis or gene replacement of an elite allele into widely cultivated rice varieties. The rice blast resistant protein Pi-ta, differs from its susceptible counterpart, pi-ta, by a single amino acid in exon 2. To create new materials resistant to the rice blast disease, we inserted a genomic fragment containing the exon 2 and 3′ untranslated region(3′ UTR) of Pi-ta into intron 1 of pi-ta in rice materials susceptible to rice blast using the intron-targeted insertion strategy. The gene insertion frequency was3.8%. Several novel transgene-free progeny with stably inherited homozygous insert were identified in the T_1 generation, which have been crossed to rice germplasm bearing other resistance gene(R gene) for pyramiding of R genes. This work verified the feasibility of using the genome editing technology in improvement of qualitative agronomic trait in crops.展开更多
GW2 is an important gene that regulates grain width and weight. We used cDNA clone to obtain the sequences of GW2 from large- and small-grained rice varieties, TD70 and Kasalath, respectively. Then, we developed a dCA...GW2 is an important gene that regulates grain width and weight. We used cDNA clone to obtain the sequences of GW2 from large- and small-grained rice varieties, TD70 and Kasalath, respectively. Then, we developed a dCAPS (derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) marker on the basis of the sequence difference between functional and nonfunctional GW2 genes to analyze the genotypes and phenotypes of recombinant inbred lines. Results showed that the sequence of GW2To7~ had a single nucleotide deletion at site 316 that generates a termination codon. This codon terminated the GW2 protein in advance. By contrast, the sequence of GW2Kasalath encoded an intact protein. A novel dCAPS marker was designed in accordance with a base A deletion at site 316 of the sequence. After the PCR product was digested by Apol, TD70 showed 21 and 30 bp fragments, and Kasalath showed a 51 bp fragment. Up to 82 lines contained GW2TDTO, and 158 lines contained GW2Kasalath. The lines that contained TD70 alleles displayed substantial increases in width and 1000-grain weight. This result suggested that GW2 played a critical role in rice breeding.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish and optimize the extraction technology of polysaccharides from Radix Glehniae root bark, and to explore the processing methods of Radix Glehniae in producing areas. [ Method...[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish and optimize the extraction technology of polysaccharides from Radix Glehniae root bark, and to explore the processing methods of Radix Glehniae in producing areas. [ Method ] Based on the single-factor experiment, with polysaccharide content and polysaccharide yield as indices, various factors affecting polysaccharide yield from Radix Glehniae root bark were investigated by central composite design-response surface method. Mo- reover, immune functions of cyclophosphamide-induced blood-deficient mice in various polysaccharide groups were compared to investigate the effects of root bark removal of Radix Glehniae on medicinal quality. [ Result] Ultrasonic extraction was the appropriate extraction technology of polysaccharides from Radix Glehniae root bark. The optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions were ultrasonic time 36 min, ultrasonic power 460 W, solid-liquid ratio 1: 10, ethanol concentration 80%, under which polysaccharide yield reached 16.08%. Polysaccharides extracted from Radix Glehniae root (ALP) and Radix Glehniae root bark (BLP) could effec- tively improve immune function of blood-deficient mice with no significant differences. [ Conclusion] Radix Glehniae could be used without removal of root bark. The optimized extraction process was stable and feasible, which laid a solid foundation for further comprehensive development and utilization of Radix Glehniae root bark.展开更多
Brown tumour represents a serious complication of hyperparathyroidism.Definitive diagnosis is based on histological examination,clinical,radiological and laboratory data.Here we report a case of multiple brown tumours...Brown tumour represents a serious complication of hyperparathyroidism.Definitive diagnosis is based on histological examination,clinical,radiological and laboratory data.Here we report a case of multiple brown tumours localised in collarbone,rib and in the distal ulna due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in a 37-year-old women with chronic renal failure.The clinical management of brown tumour aimed primarily to reduce the elevated parathyroid hormone levels by pharmacological treatment.In our experience,clinicians usually consider brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism is caused by giant cell lesions in maintenance hemodialysis recipients,and multiple brown tumours are rarely seen in these patients.展开更多
Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (...Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in japonica rice, a functional marker InDeI-Rf-la based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-la locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-larf-la showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-la locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F2 segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-la locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDeI-Rf-la could be widely used for genetic id^ntifio.~tinn ~nd m^rkp.r-~.~.~i^fp.d .~.tAr.tinn (MA.~ in hr~=dinn i^nnnir~ r^fnr~=r lin==~展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31901525)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province+2 种基金China (Grant No. BK20190255)the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31861143011)the Revitalization of Jiangsu Seed Industry in China (Grant No. JBGS[2021]039)。
文摘Grain size, determined by grain length, grain width and grain thickness, is associated with grain yield and quality. Many genes controlling grain size were cloned and their related regulatory mechanisms were clearly clarified. However, whether these genes can be directly introduced into japonica rice for grain size improvement is unknown.
基金funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M611753)the earmarked fund for Agriculture Research System of China(CARS-01-62)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2015BAD01B02)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20180302)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX[17]3009)the Project of Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan,China(HNKLTCU2018004)。
文摘To understand the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.) eating and cooking quality(ECQ). Here, we investigated the ECQ attributes, physicochemical foundation of ECQ, and amylopectin fine structure of two Waxy(Wx) alleles japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108(NJ9108) and Huaidao 5(HD5) under four N rates(0, 150, 300, and 450 kg ha^-1). Sensory and pasting properties of the two cultivars varied depending on N rates. Compared with the control(0 kg ha^-1), the overall eating quality and sensory value were significantly decreased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. Further, conventional descriptive analysis showed that the stickiness and retrogradation of cooked rice were significantly decreased. These results indicated that application of N fertilizer seems to affect the texture of cooked rice, causing it to be less sticky, lowering its retrogradation, and consequently reducing its palatability. Results from rapid visco analyzer(RVA) revealed that the peak and breakdown viscosities significantly decreased, while the setback viscosity and peak time increased under the N rates of 300 and 450 kg ha^-1. However, no significant difference was observed when the N rate was 150 kg ha^-1, indicating that less N fertilization can maintain rice ECQ. As the N rate increasing, protein content increased, whereas apparent amylose content, starch content, and gel consistency almost unchanged. Interestingly, compared with the control, under N treatments, the percentage of short amylopectin branches in NJ9108 was decreased, but increased in HD5, as controlled by amylopectin synthesis-related genes. Notably, SSI and BEIIb were down-regulated in NJ9108, whereas BEIIb was up-regulated in HD5. Thus, the palatability of both rice cultivars was significantly decreased under excessive N fertilization as a consequence of reduced stickiness and retrogradation of the cooked rice, which might have resulted from an elevated protein content and altered amylopectin fine structure. In addition, amylopectin synthesis appeared to be affected by N fertilizer and the genotype of the rice cultivar.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2015BAD01B02)the Special Program for Rice Scientific Research,Ministry of Agriculture,China(201603002-5-1)the Construction of Modern Agricultural and Industrial Technology System Project special fund,China(CARS01-47)
文摘In this study we report the results of a decade-long breeding program for japonica super rice made by Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. We concluded that selection of parents with good comprehensive traits and complementary advantages and disadvantages of both parents in the hybrid combination, and early selection of high heritability traits in earlier segregating generations could significantly improve the breeding efficiency. The use of closely-linked functional markers in pyramiding of multiple genes could greatly increase breeding efficiency, avoiding time-consuming and laborious steps that were used in traditional breeding program. It is also important to coordinate the yield components with variety characteristics such as yield stability, wide adaptability, lodging resistance, and an attractive grain appearance during late growth stage of rice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2017YFD0100403)the Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Program (Modern Agriculture) Project (Grant No. BE2017345-2)+1 种基金the Exploratory Project of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences [Grant No. ZX(17)2014]the Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. BK20171326)
文摘The waxy gene(Wx) in rice, which encodes the granule bound starch synthase enzyme, is responsible for amylose synthesis. Glutinous(sticky) rice has little or no amylose that can be used in various applications, such as brewing. In this study, knockout of the Wx gene with CRISPR/Cas9 technology was conducted in two elite japonica rice lines, Huaidao 5(HD5) and Suken 118(SK118), aiming to develop elite sticky rice varieties. We achieved six homozygous T_0 plants with more than 200 bp deletion in the Wx gene, as well as 36 wx-HD5 and 18 wx-SK118 homozygous transgene-free plants in the T_1 generation. The seeds of all the mutants were white and opaque, similar to those of sticky rice, and contained only 2.6%–3.2% amylose. Results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the quality of rice did not change. In conclusion, we successfully developed two elite sticky rice varieties.
文摘AIM: To compare and analyze the effects of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in Chinese subjects.METHODS: In 2008, a population of 4847 subjects was randomly sampled from 17 medical units for enrollment in this cohort study. Baseline information was obtained via a questionnaire on general information, physical examination(height, weight, and blood pressure), laboratory tests(triglycerides, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, alanine aminotransferase(ALT), uric acid, and creatinine), B-mode ultrasound, and ECG screening. The incidence of T2 DM after four years of follow-up was calculated. Numeric variable data was tested for normality, with the data expressed as mean ± SD. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to calculate the cumulative incidence. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the relative risk(RR) of different body mass index(BMI) levels and NAFLD on T2 DM, as well as analyzingthe RR adjusted for age, sex, blood pressure, lipids, transaminases, uric acid, and creatinine.RESULTS: A total of 4736(97.71%) subjects completed 4-year follow-up, with a median follow-up time of 3.85 years, totaling 17223 person-years. 380 subjects were diagnosed with T2 DM, with a cumulative incidence of 8.0%. The cumulative incidence of T2 DM in the NAFLD and control groups was 17.4% vs 4.1%(P < 0.001), respectively, while the incidence in overweight and obese subjects was 11.0% vs 15.8%(P < 0.001), respectively. The incidence of T2 DM increased with an increase in baseline BMI. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of T2 DM in the NAFLD group(RR = 4.492, 95%CI: 3.640-5.542) after adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, lipids, ALT, uric acid, and creatinine was 3.367(2.367-4.266), whi le t he value(RR, 95%CI) in overweight and obese subjects after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, lipids and other factors was 1.274(0.997-1.629) and 1.554(1.140-2.091), respectively. Stratification of three BMI levels(BMI < 24 kg/m2, 2 4 k g / m2 ≤ B M I < 2 8 k g / m2, B M I ≥ 2 8 k g / m2) showed that the risk of T2 DM in the NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(RR = 3.860, 4.049 and 3.823, respectively).CONCLUSION: Compared with BMI, NAFLD could be better at forecasting the risk of T2 DM in Chinese subjects, and may be a high risk factor for T2 DM, independent of overweight/obesity.
基金support of the Special Fund for Public-Welfare Industrial (Agriculture) Research of China (200903001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171181,41101199)+1 种基金the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2010313)the Prospective Project of Production Education Research Cooperation of Jiangsu Province, China (BY2010013)
文摘Land use practice significantly affects soil properties. Soil is a major sink for atmospheric carbon, and soil organic carbon (SOC) is considered as an essential indicator of soil quality. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of N and P applied to Suaeda salsa on biomass production, SOC concentration, labile organic carbon (LOC) concentration, SOC pool and carbon management index (CMI) as well as the effect of the land use practice on soil quality of coastal tidal lands in east coastal region of China. The study provided relevant references for coastal exploitation, tidal land management and related study in other countries and regions. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design, consisting of four N-fertilization rates (0 (NO), 60 (N1), 120 (N2) and 180 kg ha-1 (N3)), three P-fertilization rates (0 (P0), 70 (P1) and 105 kg ha-~ (P2)) and bare land without vegetation. N and P applied to S. salsa on coastal tidal lands significantly affected biomass production (above-ground biomass and roots), bulk density (Pb), available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool and CMI. Using statistical analysis, significantly interactions in N and P were observed for biomass production and the dominant factor for S. salsa production was N in continuous 2-yr experiments. There were no significant interactions between N and P for SOC concentration, LOC concentration and SOC pool. However, significant interaction was obtained for CMI at the 0-20 cm depth and N played a dominant role in the variation of CMI. There were significant improvements for soil measured attributes and parameters, which suggested that increasing the rates of N and P significantly decreased Pb at the 0-20 cm depth and increased available N and P, SOC, LOC, SOC pool as well as CMI at both the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depth, respectively. By correlation analysis, there were significantly positive correlations between biomass (above- ground biomass and roots) and SOC as well as LOC in 2010 and 2011 across all soil depth, respectively. The treatment with N at 180 kg ha-~ and P at 105 kg ha-1 was superior to the other treatments. The results from the 2-yr continuous experiments indicated that, in short-term, there were a few accumulation of SOC and LOC concentrations by means of N and P application to S. salsa, whereas in the long run, S. salsa with N and P application was recommended for coastal tidal lands because of its great potential of carbon sequestration, improvements of soil nutrition status and promotion of soil quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31271678)the Jiangsu Agricultural Scientific Self-Innovation Fund (Grant No. CX[11]4023)the Super Rice Breeding and Demonstration Program of the Ministry of Agriculture in China
文摘Grain size traits, including grain length, grain width and grain thickness, are controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Many QTLs relating to rice grain size traits had been reported, but their control mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 240 lines, deriving from a cross between TD70, an extra-large grain size japonica line with 80 g of 1000-grain weight, and Kasalath, a small grain size indica variety, were constructed and used to map grain size QTLs to a linkage map by using 141 SSR markers in 2010 and 2011. Five QTLs for grain length, six for grain width and seven for grain thickness were detected distributing over chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12. Seven QTLs, namely qGL3.1, qGW2, qGW2.2, qGW5.1, qGW5.2, qGT2.3 and qGT3.1, were detected in either of the two years and explained for 56.19%, 4.42%, 29.41%, 10.37%, 7.61%, 21.19% and 17.06% of the observed phenotypic variances on average, respectively. The marker interval RM1347-RM5699 on chromosome 2 was found common for grain length, grain width and grain thickness; qGL3.1 and qGT3.1 were mapped to the same interval RM6080-RM6832 on chromosome 3. All 18 QTL alleles were derived from the large grain parent TD70. Most of the QTLs mapped in the present study were found the same as the genes previously cloned (GW2, GS3 or qGL3, GW5 and GS5), and several were the same as the QTLs (GS7 and qGL-7) previously mapped. Three QTLs, qGL2.2 on chromosome 2, qGW9 and qGT9 on chromosome 9, were first detected. These results laid a foundation for further fine mapping or cloning of these QTLs.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program(Grant No.2006BAD01A01-5)the Key Program of the Development of Variety of Genetically Modified Organisms(Grant No.2008ZX08001-006)+2 种基金Special Program for Rice Scientific Research,Ministry of Agriculture,China(Grant No.nyhyzx 07-001-006)the Key Support Program of Jiangsu Science and Technology(Grant No.BE2008354)Jiangsu Self-innovation Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology,China(GrantNo.CX[08]603)
文摘Diversity of 60 conventional japonica rice accessions with good eating quality at home and abroad was analyzed using SSR molecular markers, agronomic traits and taste characteristics. A total of 290 alleles were detected in the 60 accessions at 72 SSR loci with the high similarity coefficients varying between 0.600 and 0.924. The loci on chromosome 5 showed the greatest value in average allele number. Additionally, most of the SSR loci could detect 3 to 4 alleles. An UPGMA dendrogram based on the cluster analysis of the genetic similarity coefficients showed that the grouping trend of part of the rice accessions was geographic-related and most of the rice accessions in Jiangsu Province, China were clustered together. Furthermore, many domestic accessions from south and north origins in China were close to the foreign japonica rice varieties, as proved by their pedigree origin from the foreign high-quality sources. For taste characteristics, part of the accessions with excellent taste were clearly clustered into one category though they came from different geographical regions, which indicates that taste characteristics of some varieties were mainly genetically determined. In addition, the agronomic traits of japonica rice with good taste might be closely related with their geographical origins, but the relationship between superior taste characteristics and agronomic traits should be further clarified.
基金supported by the Special Fund of Construction of Modern Agricultural and Industrial Technology System Project (Grant No. CARS-01-47)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant No. 201503002-5-1)the Key Research & Development Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BE2015363-3) in China
文摘Japonica rice variety Kanto 194 as the donor of resistance gene Stv-b^i and Iow-amylose content gene Wx-mq was used to improve the resistance and eating quality of Wuyujing 3 by the breeding strategy of backcross. In continuous backcross and selfcross generations, the related molecular markers with Stvobi and Wx-mq genes were utilized for genotypic detection by associated with resistance identification of rice stripe disease and agronomic traits selection. Finally, 10 improved lines with homozygous genotype Stv-b^i Stv-b^iWx-mqWx-mq were obtained from BC3F4 generation. The results of comparative analysis indicated that most characters of these lines were consistent with those of recipient parent Wuyujing 3, except for the improved resistance, appearance and eating quality. By evaluation of the comprehensive performance of them, two excellent lines K01 and K04 were selected for further experiments.
基金financially supported by the doctoral fund of the Ministry of Education of Chinathe Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant Nos. 20130091110020 and BE2015675)
文摘A deep foundation pit constructed for an underground transportation hub was excavated near the Yangtze River. Among the strata, there are two confined aquifers, between which lies an aquiclude that is partially missing. To guarantee the safety of pit excavation, the piezometric head of the upper confined aquifer, where the pit bottom is located, should be 1 m below the pit bottom, while that of the lower confined aquifer should be dewatered down to a safe water level to avoid uplift problem. The Yangtze River levee is notably close to the pit, and its deformation caused by dewatering should be controlled. A pumping test was performed to obtain the hydraulic conductivity of the upper confined aquifer. The average value of the hydraulic conductivity obtained from analytical calculation is 20.45 m/d, which is larger than the values from numerical simulation(horizontal hydraulic conductivity K_H = 16 m/d and vertical hydraulic conductivity K_V = S m/d). The difference between K_H and K_V indicates the anisotropy of the aquifer. Two dewatering schemes were designed for the construction and simulated by the numerical models for comparison purposes. The results show that though the first scheme could meet the dewatering requirements, the largest accumulated settlement and differential settlement would be94.64 mm and 3.3‰, respectively, greatly exceeding the limited values. Meanwhile, the second scheme,in which the bottoms of the waterproof curtains in ramp B and the river side of ramp A are installed at a deeper elevation of-28 m above sea level, and 27 recharge wells are set along the levee, can control the deformation of the levee significantly.
基金supported by the Key Program of the Development of Variety of Genetically Modified Organisms(Grant Nos.2009ZX08001-019B and 2008ZX08001-006)the Special Program for Rice Scientific Research of Ministry of Agriculture(Grant No.nyhyzx 07-001-006)+1 种基金the Key Support Program of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2008354)the Self-directed Innovation Fund of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.CX[09]634)
文摘A high-yielding japonica rice variety, Wuyunjing 7, bred in Jiangsu Province, China as a female parent was crossed with a Japanese rice variety Kantou 194, which carries a rice stripe disease resistance gene Stv-b' and a translucent endosperm mutant gene Wx-mq. From F2 generations, a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker tightly linked with Stv-b' and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker for Wx-mq were used for marker-assisted selection. Finally, a new japonica rice line, Ning 9108, with excellent agronomic traits was obtained by multi-generational selection on stripe disease resistance and endosperm appearance. The utilization of the markers from genes related to rice quality and disease resistance was helpful not only for establishing a marker-assisted selection system of high-quality and disease resistance for rice but also for providing important intermediate materials and rapid selection method for good quality, disease resistance and high yield in rice breeding.
基金the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (200903001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171181, 41101199)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK2009337, BK2011423, BK2011425, BK2011883)the Project of Enterprise Academician Workstation of Jiangsu Province, China (BM2009622)the Prospective Project of Production Education Research Cooperation of Jiangsu Province, China (BY2011195)
文摘Careful soil management is important for the soil quality and productivity improvement of the reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline land in northern Jiangsu Province, China. Farmyard manure( FYM) and mulch applications, which affect soil characteristics and plant significantly, are regard as an effective pattern of saline land improvement. As a conventional management in the study region, FYM and mulch are used for the amendment of the new reclaimed tidal flat regularly, but little is known about their effects on soil physical properties functioning. A study was conducted on a typical coastal tidal flat saline land, which was reclaimed in 2005, to evaluate the effects of FYM, polyethylene film mulch(PM), straw mulch(SM), FYM combined with PM(FYM+PM), FYM combined with SM(FYM+SM), on soil hydraulic properties and soil mechanical impedance. CK represented conventional cultivation in study area without FYM and mulch application and served as a control. The experiment, laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, was studied in Huanghaiyuan Farm, which specialized in the agricultural utilization for coastal tidal flat. Result showed that capillary water holding capacity(CHC), saturated water content(SWC), saturated hydraulic conductivity( Ks) and bulk density(BD), cone index(CI) were affected significantly by the FYM and mulch application, especially in the 0-10 cm soil layer. FYM and mulch management increased CHC, SWC and Ks over all soil depth in the order of FYM+SM〉FYM+PM〉FYM〉SM〉PM〉CK. With the contrary sequence, BD and CI decreased significantly; however, FYM and mulch application affected BD and CI only in the upper soil layers. CHC, SWC and Ks decreased significantly with the increasing of soil depth, BD and CI, and a significant liner equation was found between CHC, SWC, Ks and BD, CI. With the highest CHC(38.15%), SWC(39.55%), Ks(6.00 mm h-1) and the lowest BD(1.26 g cm-3) and CI(2.71 MPa), the combined management of FYM and SM was recommend to be an effective method for the melioration of reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline soil.
基金supported by the Special Program for Rice Scientific Research in Ministry of Agriculture, China (Grant No.nyhyzx 07-001-006)Special Funds for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industry R & D SystemSelf-directed Innovation Fund of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. CX [09] 634)
文摘Ab The cold tolerance at the bud bursting stage (CTB) was evaluated at 5℃ by using a set of 95 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from an indica rice 9311 and a japonica rice Nipponbare with a genetic background of 9311. The result showed that six CSSLs had slightly stronger effect on CTB than 9311. Total four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for CTB were preliminary mapped on chromosomes 5 and 7 by substitution mapping, qCTB-5-1, qCTB-5-2 and qCTB-5-3 were mapped in the region of RM267-RM1237, RM2422-RM6054 and RM3321-RM1054, which were 21.3 cM, 27.4 cM and 12.7 cM in genetic distance on rice chromosome 5, respectively, qCTB-7 was mapped in a 6.8-cM region of RM11-RM2752 on rice chromosome 7.
基金This study was supported by the National Transgenic Science and Technology Program(2018ZX08001-02B)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(19)3059)the Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Program(Modern Agriculture,BE2017345-2).
文摘Weeds and weedy rice plague commercial rice fields in many countries. Developingherbicide-tolerance rice is the most efficient strategy to control weed proliferation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, which generates small InDels and nucleotide substitutions atand around target sites using error-prone non-homologous end joining DNA repairing, hasbeen widely adopted for generation of novel crop germplasm with a wide range of geneticvariation in important agronomic traits. We created a novel herbicide-tolerance allele inrice by targeting the acetolactate synthase (OsALS) gene using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated geneediting. The novel allele (G628W) arose from a G-to-T transversion at position 1882 of OsALSand conferred a high level of herbicide tolerance. Transgene-free progeny carryinghomozygous G628W allele were identified and showed agronomic performance similar tothat of wild-type plants, suggesting that the G628W allele is a valuable resource fordeveloping elite rice varieties with strong herbicide tolerance. To promote use of the G628Wallele and to accelerate introgression and/or pyramiding of the G628W allele with other elitealleles, we developed a DNA marker for the G628W allele that accurately and robustlydistinguished homozygous from heterozygous segregants. Our result further demonstratesthe feasibility of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in creating novel genetic variation forcrop breeding.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.:2018YFC0807402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82073810)。
文摘In this study,we developed a novel on-line solid phase extraction(SPE)-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)-based analytical method for simultaneously quantifying 12 illicit drugs and metabolites(methamphetamine,amphetamine,morphine,codeine,6-monoacetylmorphine,benzoylecgonine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine,cocaine,ketamine,norketamine,and methcathinone)and cotinine(COT)in wastewater samples.The analysis was performed by loading 2 m L of the sample onto an Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge and using a cleanup step(5%methanol)to eliminate interference with a total run time of 13 min.The isotope-labeled internal standard method was used to quantify the target substances and correct for unavoidable losses and matrix effects during the on-line SPE process.Typical analytical characteristics used for method validation were sensitivity,linearity,precision,repeatability,recovery,and matrix effects.The limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantification(LOQ)of each target were set at 0.20 ng/L and 0.50 ng/L,respectively.The linearity was between 0.5 ng/L and250 ng/L,except for that of COT.The intra-and inter-day precisions were<10.45%and 25.64%,respectively,and the relative recovery ranged from 83.74%to 162.26%.The method was used to analyze various wastewater samples from 33 cities in China,and the results were compared with the experimental results of identical samples analyzed using off-line SPE.The difference rate was between 19.91%and-20.44%,and the error range could be considered acceptable.These findings showed that on-line SPE is a suitable alternative to off-line SPE for the analysis of illicit drugs in samples.
基金supported by the National Transgenic Major Project of China(2018ZX08001-02B)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(Modern Agriculture,BE2018381-2)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170610)the Exploratory Project of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ZX(17)2014)。
文摘Intron-targeted gene insertion strategy using CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated Cas9) has been shown to be a potential tool for crop genetic improvement by targeted mutagenesis or gene replacement of an elite allele into widely cultivated rice varieties. The rice blast resistant protein Pi-ta, differs from its susceptible counterpart, pi-ta, by a single amino acid in exon 2. To create new materials resistant to the rice blast disease, we inserted a genomic fragment containing the exon 2 and 3′ untranslated region(3′ UTR) of Pi-ta into intron 1 of pi-ta in rice materials susceptible to rice blast using the intron-targeted insertion strategy. The gene insertion frequency was3.8%. Several novel transgene-free progeny with stably inherited homozygous insert were identified in the T_1 generation, which have been crossed to rice germplasm bearing other resistance gene(R gene) for pyramiding of R genes. This work verified the feasibility of using the genome editing technology in improvement of qualitative agronomic trait in crops.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31271678)the Jiangsu Agricultural Scientific Self-Innovation Fund (Grant No.CX[12]1003)Jiangsu Province Agricultural Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No.BE2013301)
文摘GW2 is an important gene that regulates grain width and weight. We used cDNA clone to obtain the sequences of GW2 from large- and small-grained rice varieties, TD70 and Kasalath, respectively. Then, we developed a dCAPS (derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) marker on the basis of the sequence difference between functional and nonfunctional GW2 genes to analyze the genotypes and phenotypes of recombinant inbred lines. Results showed that the sequence of GW2To7~ had a single nucleotide deletion at site 316 that generates a termination codon. This codon terminated the GW2 protein in advance. By contrast, the sequence of GW2Kasalath encoded an intact protein. A novel dCAPS marker was designed in accordance with a base A deletion at site 316 of the sequence. After the PCR product was digested by Apol, TD70 showed 21 and 30 bp fragments, and Kasalath showed a 51 bp fragment. Up to 82 lines contained GW2TDTO, and 158 lines contained GW2Kasalath. The lines that contained TD70 alleles displayed substantial increases in width and 1000-grain weight. This result suggested that GW2 played a critical role in rice breeding.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Support Program of Agriculture(BE2012434)Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(201505023)
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish and optimize the extraction technology of polysaccharides from Radix Glehniae root bark, and to explore the processing methods of Radix Glehniae in producing areas. [ Method ] Based on the single-factor experiment, with polysaccharide content and polysaccharide yield as indices, various factors affecting polysaccharide yield from Radix Glehniae root bark were investigated by central composite design-response surface method. Mo- reover, immune functions of cyclophosphamide-induced blood-deficient mice in various polysaccharide groups were compared to investigate the effects of root bark removal of Radix Glehniae on medicinal quality. [ Result] Ultrasonic extraction was the appropriate extraction technology of polysaccharides from Radix Glehniae root bark. The optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions were ultrasonic time 36 min, ultrasonic power 460 W, solid-liquid ratio 1: 10, ethanol concentration 80%, under which polysaccharide yield reached 16.08%. Polysaccharides extracted from Radix Glehniae root (ALP) and Radix Glehniae root bark (BLP) could effec- tively improve immune function of blood-deficient mice with no significant differences. [ Conclusion] Radix Glehniae could be used without removal of root bark. The optimized extraction process was stable and feasible, which laid a solid foundation for further comprehensive development and utilization of Radix Glehniae root bark.
文摘Brown tumour represents a serious complication of hyperparathyroidism.Definitive diagnosis is based on histological examination,clinical,radiological and laboratory data.Here we report a case of multiple brown tumours localised in collarbone,rib and in the distal ulna due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in a 37-year-old women with chronic renal failure.The clinical management of brown tumour aimed primarily to reduce the elevated parathyroid hormone levels by pharmacological treatment.In our experience,clinicians usually consider brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism is caused by giant cell lesions in maintenance hemodialysis recipients,and multiple brown tumours are rarely seen in these patients.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (‘863’ Program) (Grant No. 2011AA10A100)the Key Support Program of Jiangsu Science and Technology, China (Grant No. BE2009303-1)Self-Directed Innovation Fund of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. CX[11]4021)
文摘Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in japonica rice, a functional marker InDeI-Rf-la based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-la locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-larf-la showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-la locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F2 segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-la locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDeI-Rf-la could be widely used for genetic id^ntifio.~tinn ~nd m^rkp.r-~.~.~i^fp.d .~.tAr.tinn (MA.~ in hr~=dinn i^nnnir~ r^fnr~=r lin==~