Accumulation and Fractionation of Rare Earth Elements in a Soil-Wheat System

Time series bioaccumulation of rare earth elements (REEs) in field-grown wheat with and without a dressing of extraneous REE fertilizer at different growth stages and fractionation of REEs during their transport in a soil-wheat system were determined. Time-dependent accumulation of extraneous REEs was found in different parts of wheat. An upward transport of extraneous REEs from roots to shoots under a soil dressing and a downward transport from leaves to roots with a foliar dressing were also observed. Moreover, fractionation of REEs occurred in the soil-wheat system. Compared to the host soil a positive Eu anomaly in the stems and grains as well as heavy REE enrichment in the grains were found. The ability of the different wheat organs to fractionate Eu from the REE series was ranked in the order of stems ≥ grains > leaves > roots.

Influence of Land Use/Cover Change on Storm Runoff—A Case Study of Xitiaoxi River Basin in Upstream of Taihu Lake Watershed

Land use/cover change (LUCC) is one of the main boundary conditions which influence many hydrologic processes. In view of the importance of Taihu Lake Watershed in China and the urgency of discovering the impacts of LUCC on storm runoff, two flood events under five land cover scenarios in the Xitiaoxi River Basin of the upstream of Taihu Lake watershed were simulated by distributed hydrologic modeling system HEC-HMS. The influences of each land cover on storm runoff were discussed. It was concluded that under the same rainstorm the ascending order of runoff coefficient and peak flow produced by the 5 different land covers were woodland, shrub, grassland, arable land, and built-up land; the descending order of swelling time were woodland, shrub, grassland, arable land, and built-up land. Scenario of built-up land was the first to reach peak flow, then arable land, grassland, shrub, and woodland. There were close relationships between the runoff coefficients produced by the 5 different land covers. The degrees of impacts on runoff coefficient of land cover change modes were sorted by descending: woodland to built-up land, shrub to built-up land, grassland to built-up land, arable land to built-up land, woodland to arable land, shrub to arable land, arable land to grassland, shrub to grassland, grassland to arable land, and woodland to shrub. Urbanization will contribute to flood disaster, while forestation will mitigate flood disaster.

Environmental evolution in the salt-water intrusion area south of Laizhou Bay since late Pleistocene

Laizhou 海湾的向南沿海的平原是之一典型咸水在哪个是的中国，出现和开发的侵入区域仔细与 palaeoenvironment 进化联系了。花粉。

Hydrological behaviour and water balance analysis for Xitiaoxi catchment of Taihu Basin

With the rapid social and economic development of the Taihu region,Taihu Lake now faces an increasingly severe eutrophication problem.Pollution from surrounding catchments contributes greatly to the eutrophication of water bodies in the region.Investigation of surface flow and associated mass transport for the Xitiaoxi catchment is of a significant degree of importance as the Xitiaoxi catchment is one of the major catchments within the Taihu region.A SWAT-based distributed hydrological model was established for the Xitiaoxi catchment.The model was calibrated and verified using hydrometeorological data from 1988 to 2001.The results indicate that the modeled daily and annual stream flow match the observed data both in the calibration period and the verification period,with a linear regression coefficient R2 and a coefficient e for modeled daily stream flow greater than 0.8 at Hengtangcun and Fanjiacun gauge stations.The results show that the runoff process in the Xitiaoxi catchment is affected both by rainfall and human activities(e.g.,reservoirs and polder areas).Moreover,the human activities weaken flood peaks more noticeably during rainstorms.The water balance analysis reveals the percentages of precipitation made up by surface flow,evapotranspiration,groundwater recharge and the change of soil storage,all of which are considered useful to the further understanding of the hydrological processes in the Xitiaoxi catchment.This study provides a good base for further studies in mass transport modeling and comparison of modeling results from similar hydrological models.

Lake evolution and its implication for environmental changes in China during 1950-2000

Lakes in China have undergone considerable environmental changes during the past 50 years,e.g. lake level,water area changes,as did in the past several thousands years. The enhanced human activities,such as land reclamation,application of chemical fertilizer,land use and cover,irrigation and industrialization in the catchment etc.,have played an im-portant role on the recent decades’ changes of these lakes,although constrained to a great extent by the natural impact. Comparative study on variations of lake volume (water level,depth and area) in the eastern and western lake regions of China during 1950–2000 indicated that,lake volume in the eastern region had approximately undergone a two-stage change,i.e. a dramatic decrease from the 1950s to 1970s,and a continuous increase between the 1980s and 1990s; while,in the western region,lake volume had been decreasing nearly all the time. Further studies on some typical lakes concluded that,climatic change was a primary factor for the variations of lake volume during the past 50 years,although human activities showed important effect.

Seasonal and spatial distribution of heavy metals in the Selenga River Delta

为了在 Selenga 河三角洲并且到监视器的生态系统估计今日的污染层次，变化由家庭的分泌物引起了拒绝并且工业废物。

Response of Cultural Lake Eutrophication to Hemp-retting in Quidenham Mere of England in Post-Medieval

To study the influence of human activity on natural lake, chironomid fauna change in the 700–560cm lake sediment in Quidenham Mere of England associated with chironomid inferred TP presented that the lake experienced a whole eutrophication process due to human hemp-retting in Post-Medieval based on the history record and pollen analysis, which was confirmed by mollusc and ostracod analysis. However, the response of chironomid and mollusc to retting was the strongest with ostracod a little behind. It proved that cultural eutrophication existed in history and could be recovered by itself despite of some long-term unachievable destroy. And it was most important for external nutrient to be cut off during lake restoration even in ancient times.

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Discharge Based on FVM Method

一个二维的数字模型被建议在江苏省从一个发电厂模仿热分泌物。在模型的方程在于 oftwo 维的非稳定的浅水区方程和热废物搬运方程。Finitevolume 方法(FVM ) 习惯于 discretize 切开的浅水区方程，和流动差别(FDS ) 计划被使用。有一样的温度增长的计算区域在海水上显示出热分泌物的效果。在模仿的结果和试验性的数据 hows 之间的比较好同意。它显示这个方法能在沿海的区域在热传递模拟给高精确。

Separating impacts of vegetation change and climate variability on streamflow using hydrological models together with vegetation data

Vegetation information is seldom considered in lumped conceptual rainfall-runoff models.This paper uses two modified rainfall-runoff models,the Xinanjiang-ET and SIMHYD-ET models in which vegetation leaf area index is incorporated,to investigate impacts of vegetation change and climate variability on streamflow in a Southern Australian catchment,the Crawford River experimental catchment,where Tasmanian blue gum plantations were introduced gradually from 1998 till 2005.The Xinanjiang-ET and SIMHYD-ET models incorporate remotely-sensed leaf area index(LAI) data obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) on board NOAA polar orbiting satellites.Compared to the original versions,the Xinanjiang-ET and SIMHYD-ET models show marginal improvements in runoff simulations in the pre-plantation period(1882-1997).The calibrated Xinanjaing-ET and SIMHYD-ET models are then used to simulate plantation impact on streamflow in the post-plantation period.The total change in streamflow between the pre-plantation and post-plantation periods is 32.4 mm/a.The modelling results from the two models show that plantation reduces streamflow by 20.5 mm/a,and climate variability reduces streamflow by 11.9 mm/a.These results suggest that increase in plantations can reduce streamflow substantially,even more than climate variability.