Effect of carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan coating on curcumin-loaded multilayered emulsion:stability evaluation

The stability against various environmental stresses of the curcumin-loaded secondary and tertiary emulsions that was emulsified by whey protein isolate(WPI)and coated by chitosan(CHI),carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan(CMKGM),or their combination through layer-by-layer assembly was investigated.Generally,the multilayered emulsions were destabilized in high Na Cl concentrations or medium p H that could interrupt the electrostatic interaction between the three polyelectrolytes or deprotonate CHI,indicating that electrostatic interaction played an important role in the stability of emulsions.Compared with the primary emulsion that was solely stabilized by WPI,extra coating with CHI and CMKGM generally increased the stability of the emulsion against repeated freezing-thawing,improved the retention of curcumin against heating,UV irradiation,and long-term storage,and the effects were more remarkable in the tertiary emulsion with CMKGM locating in the outmost layer.Since CMKGM has shown the colon-targeted delivery potency,the multilayered emulsions assembled by layer-by-layer deposition,especially the tertiary emulsion,could be used as an effective carrier for the targeted delivery of curcumin.

Influence Mechanism of New-type Urbanization on Urban Land Use Efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Rapid urbanization in China has led to inefficient use of urban land and spatial structure disorder,attracting attention from academia and society.Taking the Yangtze River Delta,China as an example,this study constructed an index evaluation system that quantitatively analyses the impact of new-type urbanization(NTU)on urban land use efficiency(ULUE)from 2000 to 2020 using a panel data vector autoregressive model.The results show that NTU in the Yangtze River Delta promotes ULUE improvement.However,the promotion of NTU to ULUE is limited,and the level of urban economic development also plays a role in promoting the change of ULUE.Moreover,the study further analyzed the results of urbanization decomposition and found that population urbanization(PU),economic urbanization(EU),spatial urbanization(SU),and social urbanization(SCU)can explain changes in ULUE in the Yangtze River Delta to a certain extent.In terms of variance decomposition,PU contributed the most to ULUE,followed by EU,SU,and SCU.Some necessary measures should be taken to coordinate the development of different types of urbanization,improve the sustainable utilization level of land resources,and provide a reference for high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta.

A critical review on the health promoting effects of mushrooms nutraceuticals

Extensive elucidations focusing on the efficient health promoting properties and high nutritional values of mushrooms have been expanded dynamically from the past few decades.Due to its high quality of proteins,polysaccharides,unsaturated fatty acids,mineral substances,triterpenes sterols and secondary metabolites,mushrooms have always been appreciated for their vital role in protecting and curing various health problems,such as immunodeficiency,cancer,inflammation,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,hypercholesterolemia and obesity.Moreover,investigations in recent years have revealed the correlations between the health-promoting benefits and gut microbiota regulating effects induced by the mushrooms intake.Researches on the immense role in the nutritional and health benefits displayed by mushrooms have become an emergent task to study.The present article overviewed and compiled the latest information correlated to the health benefits and underlying functional mechanisms of mushroom nutraceuticals,and concluded that the supplementation of mushrooms as a dietary composition could become a natural adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of several health diseases.

The Negative Spectrum of Schrödinger Operators with Fractal Potentials

Let Γ?R;be a regular anisotropic fractal. We discuss the problem of the negative spectrum for the Schr?dinger operators associated with the formal expression H;=id-?+βtr;,β∈R,acting in the anisotropic Sobolev space W;（R;）, where ? is the Dirichlet Laplanian in R;and tr;is a fractal potential（distribution） supported by Γ.

Response of MaHMA2 gene expression and stress tolerance to zinc stress in mulberry(Morus alba L.)

HMA2(heavy metal ATPase 2)plays a crucial role in extracellular and intracellular Zn^(2+)transport across biomembranes,maintaining ion homeostasis,and playing an important role in the normal physiological metabolism,growth,and development of plants.In our study,a novel HMA2 gene,named MaHMA2,was isolated and cloned from white mulberry(Morus alba L.).The gene sequence obtained was 1,342 bp long,with an open reading frame of 1,194 bp,encoding a protein of 397 amino acids,with a predicted molecular mass of 42.852 kD and an isoelectric point of 7.53.This protein belonged to the PIB-type ATPase transport protein family.We analyzed the expression of the MaHMA2 gene by quantitative real-time PCR.The results showed that the level of MaHMA2 gene expression decreased to a Zn concentration of 800 mg/kg.Malondialdehyde and proline levels increased and responded to increasing Zn when the MaHMA2 gene was silenced,whereas the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase tended to increase in response to increasing Zn^(2+)ion stress concentrations but were lower in the gene-silenced plants.These findings suggested that the MaHMA2 gene played an active role in the tolerance response of mulberry to Zn stress.

The Impact of Spiritual Leadership on Employee’s Work Engagement--A Study Based on the Mediating Effect of Goal Self-Concordance and Self-Efficacy

The average stress of people in China’s workplace is reaching the peak in recent two years.To improve employee’s positive psychological factors,Spiritual leadership has a good performance in this regard.Based on the mediating effect of goal self-concordance and self-efficacy,this paper further studies the impact of spiritual leadership on employee’s work engagement.Through the empirical study,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Spiritual leadership significantly positively affects the employee’s work engagement.(2)Spiritual leadership has a significant positive effect on goal self-concordance and self-efficacy.(3)Goal self-concordance and self-efficacy have significant positive effects on employee’s work engagement.(4)Goal self-concordance and self-efficacy play a partial mediating role in the process of spiritual leadership’s impact on employees’work engagement.This study found the new mediator which partly revealed the mechanism between the effectiveness of Spiritual Leadership and employee’s work engagement.This study may serve as one of the researches for improving the effectiveness of leaders in organizations and promoting the motivation of employees in the workplace.

Application of Internet of Things Technology in Enterprise Marketing Management Innovation

Marketing is a very important part of an enterprise.A rational and scientific marketing management can not only reduce the cost of enterprise sales,but also greatly improve the competitiveness of enterprises.The purpose of this paper is to study the innovative application of enterprise marketing management based on the Internet of Things technology.The most suitable competitive strategy of the company is put forward as the centralized strategy.And put forward the clear strategy implementation details,introduced the current situation and history of the Internet of things,and combined with the development status,put forward the necessity of the enterprise marketing management system based on the Internet of things technology.It provides a guiding direction for most enterprises to formulate business competition strategies.The theory and technology used in system development are introduced,including C/S structure,B/S structure,NET Framework,AJAX technology,and database technology.The system design process is introduced in detail,including business process design,architecture design and system operation planning.The functional test cases and test environment for system testing are introduced.The results show that when 200 people log in at the same time,the response time is 1.5 s.

精准扶贫政策与农村相对贫困——基于贫困村与建档立卡的分析

在绝对贫困即将消除的背景下,建档立卡与贫困村两项政策在农村脱贫过程中发挥了重要作用。这两项政策在帮助贫困户提高收入的同时,还存在优化收入分配、降低相对贫困的外溢作用。2018年12月中部地区实地调研数据的实证研究结果表明:第一,在标准1(家庭人均收入中位数的50%)下,有近9.6%的个体处于相对贫困状态,如果考虑家庭结构,相对贫困发生率有所减缓,相对贫困深度与贫困强度的结果表明,目前的相对贫困程度与前几年国家绝对贫困标准下的贫困程度类似;第二,贫困村与建档立卡政策存在改善收入分配、降低相对贫困的外溢作用。建档立卡政策这一外溢作用要高于贫困村政策,与此同时,建档立卡与贫困村政策的外溢作用可以叠加;第三,在贫困村与建档立卡政策下,农户生产、生活等各类条件的提高可以降低农村相对贫困。

Urban Land Use Efficiency and Contributing Factors in the Yangtze River Delta Under Increasing Environmental Restrictions in China

Evaluating urban land use efficiency(ULUE) provides insights into the interactions between land use systems and their external environment. Specifically, changes in ULUE are important for monitoring urban transformation in developing countries. In this study, using a traditional input-output index model, we incorporated slack-based measurements and undesirable outputs into a SBM-UN(slack-based measure-undesirable) model to investigate ULUE within the context of increasing environmental restrictions in China. The model was used to estimate the ULUE of 26 cities in the highly developed urban agglomeration of the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to2018. The average ULUE in the Yangtze River Delta was relatively low compared to that of developed city regions in the European Union(EU) and North America and exhibited a U-shaped curve over the study period. Incorporating undesirable outputs, such as environmental pollution, into the model reduced ULUE by 19.06%. ULUE varied spatially, with the kernel density estimation exhibiting a bimodal distribution. Efficiency decomposition analysis showed that scale efficiency made a greater contribution to ULUE than pure technical efficiency. Based on our findings, recommended approaches to improve ULUE include optimizing factor allocation, reducing undesirable outputs, and increasing the effective output per land unit. The study suggests that ULUE and the SBM-UN model are useful planning tools for sustainable urban development.

A Multi-Feature Weighting Based K-Means Algorithm for MOOC Learner Classification

Massive open online courses(MOOC)have recently gained worldwide attention in the field of education.The manner of MOOC provides a new option for learning various kinds of knowledge.A mass of data miming algorithms have been proposed to analyze the learner’s characteristics and classify the learners into different groups.However,most current algorithms mainly focus on the final grade of the learners,which may result in an improper classification.To overcome the shortages of the existing algorithms,a novel multi-feature weighting based K-means(MFWK-means)algorithm is proposed in this paper.Correlations between the widely used feature grade and other features are first investigated,and then the learners are classified based on their grades and weighted features with the proposed MFWK-means algorithm.Experimental results with the Canvas Network Person-Course(CNPC)dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.Moreover,a comparison between the new MFWK-means and the traditional K-means clustering algorithm is implemented to show the superiority of the proposed method.

MOOC Learner’s Final Grade Prediction Based on an Improved Random Forests Method

Massive Open Online Course(MOOC)has become a popular way of online learning used across the world by millions of people.Meanwhile,a vast amount of information has been collected from the MOOC learners and institutions.Based on the educational data,a lot of researches have been investigated for the prediction of the MOOC learner’s final grade.However,there are still two problems in this research field.The first problem is how to select the most proper features to improve the prediction accuracy,and the second problem is how to use or modify the data mining algorithms for a better analysis of the MOOC data.In order to solve these two problems,an improved random forests method is proposed in this paper.First,a hybrid indicator is defined to measure the importance of the features,and a rule is further established for the feature selection;then,a Clustering-Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique(SMOTE)is embedded into the traditional random forests algorithm to solve the class imbalance problem.In experiment part,we verify the performance of the proposed method by using the Canvas Network Person-Course(CNPC)dataset.Furthermore,four well-known prediction methods have been applied for comparison,where the superiority of our method has been proved.

CNN-based Traffic Sign Recognition

Background:The rapid development of the automobile industry has led to an increase in the output and holdings of automobiles year by year,which has brought huge challenges to the current traffic management.Method:This paper adopts a traffic sign recognition technology based on deep convolution neural network(CNN):step 1,preprocess the collected traffic sign images through gray processing and near interpolation;step 2,automatically extract image features through the convolutional layer and the pooling layer;step 3,recognize traffic signs through the fully connected layer and the Dropout technology.Purpose:Artificial intelligence technology is applied to traffic management to better realize intelligent traffic assisted driving.Results:This paper adopts an Adam optimization algorithm for calculating the loss value.The average accuracy of the experimental classification is 98.87%.Compared with the traditional gradient descent algorithm,the experimental model can quickly converge in a few iteration cycles.

Inference and prediction of malaria transmission dynamics using time series data

Background:Disease surveillance systems are essential for effective disease intervention and control by monitoring disease prevalence as time series.To evaluate the severity of an epidemic,statistical methods are widely used to forecast the trend,seasonality,and the possible number of infections of a disease.However,most statistical methods are limited in revealing the underlying dynamics of disease transmission,which may be affected by various impact factors,such as environmental,meteorological,and physiological factors.In this study,we focus on investigating malaria transmission dynamics based on time series data.Methods:A data-driven nonlinear stochastic model is proposed to infer and predict the dynamics of malaria transmission based on the time series of prevalence data.Specifically,the dynamics of malaria transmission is modeled based on the notion of vectorial capacity(VCAP)and entomological inoculation rate(EIR).A particle Markov chain Monte Carlo(PMCMC)method is employed to estimate the model parameters.Accordingly,a one-step-ahead prediction method is proposed to project the number of future malaria infections.Finally,two case studies are carried out on the inference and prediction of Plasmodium vivax transmission in Tengchong and Longling,Yunnan province,China.Results:The results show that the trained data-driven stochastic model can well fit the historical time series of P.vivax prevalence data in both counties from 2007 to 2010.Moreover,with well-trained model parameters,the proposed one-step-ahead prediction method can achieve better performances than that of the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model with respect to predicting the number of future malaria infections.Conclusions:By involving dynamically changing impact factors,the proposed data-driven model together with the PMCMC method can successfully(i)depict the dynamics of malaria transmission,and(ii)achieve accurate one-step-ahead prediction about malaria infections.Such a data-driven method has the potential to investigate malaria transmission dynamics in other malaria-endemic countries/regions.

Intermediate Energy Reactions Versus Heavy-Ion Fusion: Light Particle Emission and Post-Saddle Friction in the Presence of Deformation Effects

A decaying nucleus undergoes a change in deformation when it fissions. This affects the particle emission in the fission process. Using the dynamical Langevin model, we investigate the role of deformation in the sensitivity of post-saddle neutrons and light charged particles(LCPs) to the post-saddle friction strength(β) for heavy nuclei240 Am produced with different initial conditions:(i) a low excitation energy E*and a large spin o(provided via a fusion mechanism) and(ii) a high E*and a large o as well as a higher E*but a small o(provided in peripheral and near-central intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions, respectively). It is shown that deformation obviously enhances the sensitivity of post-saddle neutrons to β at intermediate-energy peripheral collisions and that for case(i), the drop of LCPs emission due to deformation makes post-saddle LCPs to be almost insensitive to β, but for case(ii) LCPs still have a significant change with β. Furthermore, we find that post-saddle LCPs display a greater sensitivity to β for near-central collisions than for peripheral collisions. These results suggest that given the deformation effects, to better probe post-saddle dissipation properties with neutrons(LCPs) in experiments, it is best to choose those excited heavy nuclear systems populated in peripheral(near-central) collisions at intermediate energies.

How does the servant supervisor influence the employability of postgraduates?Exploring the mechanisms of self-efficacy and academic engagement

Drawing on the conservation of resource theory,this study investigates the mediating effects of self-efficacy and academic engagement in the relationship between servant supervision and postgraduates'employability.We conducted a field study with 598 postgraduates(students for the research-based master's degree and PhD candidates)enrolled in universities in China to test our hypotheses.We developed and tested a model contending that servant supervisors propagate servant supervision among postgraduates through postgraduates'slfefficacy and academic engagement,which indirectly influences postgraduates'employability.The results support the mediating effects of both slfefficacy and academic engagement on the relationship between servant supervision and postgraduates'employability.Finally,the theoretical and prac tical implications are discussed.

The transmission of dengue virus with Aedes aegypti mosquito in a heterogeneous environment

This paper deals with dengue virus transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti.A reaction-diffusion model is proposed incorporating both human and the A.aegypti population,where we divided mosquitoes into two sub-populations:the winged population and an aquatic form,with the winged mosquito population divided into the susceptible and infected classes.The threshold Qo depending on spatial heterogeneity is introduced for the mosquito population.Moreover,we introduce the basic reproduction number Rq for the infected classes,as well as its analytical properties.Qo and Ho are utilized to investigate the stability of the mosquito-established equilibriums.Our results show that the mosquitoes persist if Qo>1,while the transmission of dengue virus depends on the condition whether Ho<1 or Ho>1.

The Source of Momentum for Producer Services’Growth China:A Research from the Perspective of Driving Force Decomposition

Under the background of growth driving force conversion,this paper examines the source of growth in the producer services sector in China with the stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)model,using provincial service sector data during 2005-2016.Research fi ndings show that(1)the total factor productivity(TFP)of producer services in China is characterized by multi-stage changes,with technological progress being the primary driving force and industrial growth being“technology-led”.(2)Innovation,represented by increased TFP,is the leading driving force of producer services’growth and the overall structure of driving forces is reasonable;(3)the driven structure of niche industries varies greatly,and the conversion of driving forces must take into account industry characteristics;(4)as developed regions are more capable of coping with external impacts and policy stimuli,innovation is the main driving force for them,while for other regions,where innovation as a driving force is weak and old driving forces has led to extensive growth,their structure way evolve to an irrational state.It is necessary to seize opportunities to promote innovation-driven model and take producer services sector as the main battlefield for the cultivation of new driving forces,giving full consideration to the heterogeneity of different industries and regions.

Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on physicochemical properties and structure of cooked crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

To explore the damage mechanisms of freeze-thaw cycles on cooked crayfish in frozen storage, changes in the phys-icochemical properties and structure of cooked crayfish during the freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. The phys-icochemical properties of cooked crayfish changed significantly after five freeze-thaw cycles. The moisture content, water holding capacity, pH, and textural properties were decreased, while the total color difference, drip loss, and pro-tein and lipid oxidation were significantly increased (P < 0.05). LF-NMR and MRI verified the water loss, and SDS-PAGE showed denaturation/degradation of myofibrillar proteins (MPs). Multiple freeze-thaw cycles promoted the transition from α-helix to β-turn in the secondary structure, the unfolding of tertiary structure, and a significant change in the chemical forces of MPs. SEM results revealed a disruption in the microstructure of muscle fibers. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles reduced the moisture content and distorted the structure of MPs in cooked crayfish, resulting in the disruption of physicochemical properties and its structure.

The Connotation and Key Task of the High-Quality Development of Open Economy in China

High-quality development of open economy The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that“China’s economy has been transitioning from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development.This is a pivotal stage for transforming our growth model,improving our economic structure,and fostering new drivers of growth.”The development model of open economy with high quality is set to completely change the extensive development model that mainly relied on expanding the scale of investment in low-end factors,blindly expanding production capacity。

From blocks to cities:Morphology structure rooted in 3D patterns and forming clusters at the block level

This article proposes a 35D form index system to quantitatively describe the 3D form of urban blocks.Utilizing the T-distributed stochastic neighbor(TSNE)embedding algorithm for cluster analysis,the visually complex and disordered urban 3D texture is translated into distinct form clusters,enabling the recognition of the overall urban form structure from the block perspective.The research methodology includes experiments conducted in the central area of Nanjing and comparative analysis in three neighboring cities:Shanghai,Hangzhou,and Suzhou.Results demonstrate the efficacy of form parameters and cluster analysis in achieving sound recognition.The four cities differ remarkably in the number and distribution structure of clusters.Shanghai has the fewest types of clusters with a compact distribution,Suzhou has the most types with a dispersed distribution,and Hangzhou and Nanjing exhibit similar characteristics,located between Shanghai and Suzhou.Correlation analysis reveals a negative relationship between the number of cluster types and the level of urban socioeconomic development in similar areas.This research implies that governments and urban planners can exploit neighborhood morphological types to devise customized spatial management and renewal strategies.The overall urban structure can be improved by strategically minimizing the quantity and distribution of neighborhood morphological types,fostering socioeconomic development.