Climate change has become one of the most important issues for the sustainable development of social well-being.China has made great efforts in reducing CO2 emissions and promoting clean energy.Pilot Emission Trading ...Climate change has become one of the most important issues for the sustainable development of social well-being.China has made great efforts in reducing CO2 emissions and promoting clean energy.Pilot Emission Trading Systems(ETSs)have been launched in two provinces and five cities in China,and a national level ETS will be implemented in the third quarter of 2017,with preparations for China’s national ETS now well under way.In the meantime,a new round of China’s electric power system reform has entered the implementation stage.Policy variables from both electricity and emission markets willimpose potential risks on the operation of generation companies(Gen Cos).Under this situation,by selecting key variables in each domain,this paper analyzes the combined effects of different allowance allocation methods and power dispatching models on power system emission.Key parameters are set based on a provincial power system in China,and the case studies are conducted based on dynamic simulation platform for macro-energy systems(DSMES)software developed by the authors.The selected power dispatching models include planned dispatch,energy saving power generation dispatch and economic dispatch.The selected initial allowance allocation methods in the emission market include the grandfathering method based on historical emissions and the benchmarking method based on actual output.Based on the simulation results and discussions,several policy implications are highlighted to help to design an effective emission market in China.展开更多
Traditional experimental economics methods often consume enormous resources of qualified human participants,and the inconsistence of a participant’s decisions among repeated trials prevents investigation from sensiti...Traditional experimental economics methods often consume enormous resources of qualified human participants,and the inconsistence of a participant’s decisions among repeated trials prevents investigation from sensitivity analyses.The problem can be solved if computer agents are capable of generating similar behaviors as the given participants in experiments.An experimental economics based analysis method is presented to extract deep information from questionnaire data and emulate any number of participants.Taking the customers’willingness to purchase electric vehicles(EVs)as an example,multi-layer correlation information is extracted from a limited number of questionnaires.Multiagents mimicking the inquired potential customers are modelled through matching the probabilistic distributions of their willingness embedded in the questionnaires.The authenticity of both the model and the algorithmis validated by comparing the agent-based Monte Carlo simulation results with the questionnaire-based deduction results.With the aid of agent models,the effects of minority agents with specific preferences on the results are also discussed.展开更多
Primary energy has the potential to bring challenges to the reliability,economic,and eco-friendliness of global electric power systems.The concept of electric power security are proposed,including many factors that ar...Primary energy has the potential to bring challenges to the reliability,economic,and eco-friendliness of global electric power systems.The concept of electric power security are proposed,including many factors that are not considered in power system reliability analysis,such as coal supply for power system,fuel price for electricity power market,carbon emissions of power generation,and so on.It is broader than power system reliability and security,which means that providing energy in the form of reliable,economical,and eco-friendly electric power.Following an account of existing blackout defence methods and systems,the processes of transforming various kinds of primary energy into electric power and the interactions between them are described,particularly with regard to flows of energy,capital,and information.Factors that limit the liquidity of these flows are defined as“generalized congestion”,and the challenges presented by primary energy are named“primary energy congestion”.China’s dilemma on coal supply for power generation is presented in some detail as an example of primary energy congestion.To cope with impacts of the primary energy on electric power systems,an idea is introduced to extend the scope of existing coordinated blackout defence systems to account for primary energy,which would lead to an integrated tool to provide decision support to power system operators accounting for primary energy congestion.展开更多
Wind turbine simulator(WTS) is an important test rig for validating the control strategies of wind turbines(WT). Since the inertia of WTSs is much smaller than that of WTs, the inertia compensation scheme is usually e...Wind turbine simulator(WTS) is an important test rig for validating the control strategies of wind turbines(WT). Since the inertia of WTSs is much smaller than that of WTs, the inertia compensation scheme is usually employed in WTSs for replicating the slow mechanical behavior of WTs. In this paper, it is found that the instability of WTSs applying the inertia compensation scheme,characterized by the oscillation of compensation torque, is caused by the one-step time delay produced in the acceleration observation. Hence, a linear discrete model of WTS considering the time delay of acceleration observation is developed and its stability is analyzed. Moreover, in order to stably simulate WTs with large inertia, an improved inertia compensation scheme, applying a first-order digitalfilter to mitigate deviation response induced by the time delay, is proposed. And, the criterion for selecting the filter coefficients is established based on the stability condition analysis. Finally, the WTS with the proposed scheme is validated by simulations and experiments.展开更多
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Basic Research Class 2017YFB0903000)-Basic Theories and Methods of Analysis and Control of the Cyber Physical Systems for Power Gridthe State Grid Corporation of China‘‘Key technologies research on carbon asset management of transmission company’’and Major Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(No.2016-ZD-07)
文摘Climate change has become one of the most important issues for the sustainable development of social well-being.China has made great efforts in reducing CO2 emissions and promoting clean energy.Pilot Emission Trading Systems(ETSs)have been launched in two provinces and five cities in China,and a national level ETS will be implemented in the third quarter of 2017,with preparations for China’s national ETS now well under way.In the meantime,a new round of China’s electric power system reform has entered the implementation stage.Policy variables from both electricity and emission markets willimpose potential risks on the operation of generation companies(Gen Cos).Under this situation,by selecting key variables in each domain,this paper analyzes the combined effects of different allowance allocation methods and power dispatching models on power system emission.Key parameters are set based on a provincial power system in China,and the case studies are conducted based on dynamic simulation platform for macro-energy systems(DSMES)software developed by the authors.The selected power dispatching models include planned dispatch,energy saving power generation dispatch and economic dispatch.The selected initial allowance allocation methods in the emission market include the grandfathering method based on historical emissions and the benchmarking method based on actual output.Based on the simulation results and discussions,several policy implications are highlighted to help to design an effective emission market in China.
基金This work is supported by NSFC-EPSRC Collaborative Project(NSFC-No.51361130153,EPSRC-EP/L001063/1),State Grid Corporation of China.
文摘Traditional experimental economics methods often consume enormous resources of qualified human participants,and the inconsistence of a participant’s decisions among repeated trials prevents investigation from sensitivity analyses.The problem can be solved if computer agents are capable of generating similar behaviors as the given participants in experiments.An experimental economics based analysis method is presented to extract deep information from questionnaire data and emulate any number of participants.Taking the customers’willingness to purchase electric vehicles(EVs)as an example,multi-layer correlation information is extracted from a limited number of questionnaires.Multiagents mimicking the inquired potential customers are modelled through matching the probabilistic distributions of their willingness embedded in the questionnaires.The authenticity of both the model and the algorithmis validated by comparing the agent-based Monte Carlo simulation results with the questionnaire-based deduction results.With the aid of agent models,the effects of minority agents with specific preferences on the results are also discussed.
基金This work is jointly supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91024028)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2011AA05A105)+1 种基金SGCC Projects SGCC-MPLG003-2012the Australian Research Council(DP120101345).
文摘Primary energy has the potential to bring challenges to the reliability,economic,and eco-friendliness of global electric power systems.The concept of electric power security are proposed,including many factors that are not considered in power system reliability analysis,such as coal supply for power system,fuel price for electricity power market,carbon emissions of power generation,and so on.It is broader than power system reliability and security,which means that providing energy in the form of reliable,economical,and eco-friendly electric power.Following an account of existing blackout defence methods and systems,the processes of transforming various kinds of primary energy into electric power and the interactions between them are described,particularly with regard to flows of energy,capital,and information.Factors that limit the liquidity of these flows are defined as“generalized congestion”,and the challenges presented by primary energy are named“primary energy congestion”.China’s dilemma on coal supply for power generation is presented in some detail as an example of primary energy congestion.To cope with impacts of the primary energy on electric power systems,an idea is introduced to extend the scope of existing coordinated blackout defence systems to account for primary energy,which would lead to an integrated tool to provide decision support to power system operators accounting for primary energy congestion.
基金supported by National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.61203129,No.61174038,No.51507080)Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(No.1301014A)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30915011104)
文摘Wind turbine simulator(WTS) is an important test rig for validating the control strategies of wind turbines(WT). Since the inertia of WTSs is much smaller than that of WTs, the inertia compensation scheme is usually employed in WTSs for replicating the slow mechanical behavior of WTs. In this paper, it is found that the instability of WTSs applying the inertia compensation scheme,characterized by the oscillation of compensation torque, is caused by the one-step time delay produced in the acceleration observation. Hence, a linear discrete model of WTS considering the time delay of acceleration observation is developed and its stability is analyzed. Moreover, in order to stably simulate WTs with large inertia, an improved inertia compensation scheme, applying a first-order digitalfilter to mitigate deviation response induced by the time delay, is proposed. And, the criterion for selecting the filter coefficients is established based on the stability condition analysis. Finally, the WTS with the proposed scheme is validated by simulations and experiments.