Proposals on the Development of the Marine Economy,Deepwater Energy and Marine Engineering Equipment

China is a major maritime country with abundant marine resources.Although the land area of Hainan Province is smaller than that of other provinces,the sea area under its jurisdiction is the largest.Thus,Hainan is worthy of being called a major maritime province.Hainan Province is an important node of the Maritime Silk Road.The exploitation and utilization of marine resources is a major topic in Hainan,and it represents the potential for the future economic development of the province.On September 6th,2015,according to the Notification on Demonstration Work of the Innovative Development of the Marine Economy Supported by the Ministry of Finance in the‘13th Five-year Plan’Period jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance and the State Ocean Administration of the People’s Republic of China,the demonstration work of the innovative development of the marine economy will be carried out to promote the industry innovation and cluster development of such major industries as marine organisms,high-end marine equipment,seawater desalination,etc.It is of great importance that national attention is paid to the innovative development of the marine economy and that key development fields have been indicated.During the preparation of the‘12th Fiveyear Plan Layout’,I was a member of its drafting group.While listening to industry reports,I was impressed by the report of the State Ocean Administration,which was well received by the members of the drafting group.China is both a continental country and a major

Preliminary Reflections on the Establishment of a New Energy System for the Achievement of Dual Carbon Goals

China has pledged to the world to achieve carbon peak in 10 years and carbon neutrality in 30 years.This is an extremely arduous task,as it faces numerous challenges,including high energy consumption,heavy reliance on coal within its energy mix,and a large base of carbon emissions that must be controlled.To this end,it is necessary to advance the new energy security strategy of“Four Revolutions,One Cooperation”to a deeper level.According to interpretations from various parties,the new energy system is preliminarily summarized to have six features:new energy structure,new system form,new industrial system,new governance system,new system and mechanism,and new regulatory method.Considering building a new energy system comprehensively,“Ten Commitments”have been proposed to help achieve the dual-carbon goals.The specific measures include:ensuring the security and stability of energy supply,accelerating the transformation to green and low-carbon energy,giving priority to energy conservation and efficiency improvement,promoting multi-energy complementation and synergistic and integrated development,enhancing the digital intelligence level in the energy industry,developing centralized and distributed energy,advancing the rural energy revolution,developing critical and core technological equipment and the comprehensive energy service industry,and promoting high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Regional Allocation of CO_2 Intensity Reduction Targets Based on Cluster Analysis

To meet China's CO2 intensity target of 40%-45% reduction by 2020 based on the 2005 level,a regional allocation method based on cluster analysis is developed.Thirty Chinese provinces are classified into six groups based on economy,emissions,and reduction potential indicators.Under the equity principle,the two most developed groups are assigned the highest reduction targets(55% and 65%,respectively).However,their reduction potential is limited.Under the efficiency principle,the two groups with the highest reduction potential take the highest targets(48% and 61%,respectively),but their economy is relatively backward.When equity and efficiency are equally weighted,the 5th group with a prominent reduction potential takes the highest target(54%),and the 2nd and the 3rd groups with large industry scales take the second highest target(49%).However,under all the three allocation schemes,the targets are not greater than 40% for the 4th and the 6th groups,which have a relatively low economic ability,emissions,and reduction potential.Due to inconsistency between economic and reduction potential,corresponding market mechanisms and policy instruments should be established to ensure equity and efficiency of regional target allocation.

Cloud-Verhulst hybrid prediction model for dam deformation under uncertain conditions

Uncertainties existing in the process of dam deformation negatively influence deformation prediction. However, existing deformation prediction models seldom consider uncertainties. In this study, a cloud-Verhulst hybrid prediction model was established by combing a cloud model with the Verhulst model. The expectation, one of the cloud characteristic parameters, was obtained using the Verhulst model, and the other two cloud characteristic parameters, entropy and hyper-entropy, were calculated by introducing inertia weight. The hybrid prediction model was used to predict the dam deformation in a hydroelectric project. Comparison of the prediction results of the hybrid prediction model with those of a traditional statistical model and the monitoring values shows that the proposed model has higher prediction accuracy than the traditional statistical model. It provides a new approach to predicting dam deformation under uncertain conditions.

Permeability damage micro-mechanisms and stimulation of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs: A case study from Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China

According to the characteristics of"structural elements"(framework grain,interstitial material and pore throat structure)of low-permeability sandstone reservoir,the"step by step dissolution and separation"acidification and acid fracturing technology has been developed and tested in field.There are three main mechanisms affecting permeability of low-permeability sandstone reservoir:(1)The mud fillings between the framework grains block the seepage channels.(2)In the process of burial,the products from crystallization caused by changes in salinity and solubility and uneven migration and variation of the syn-sedimentary formation water occupy the pores and throat between grains.(3)Under the action of gradual increase of overburden pressure,the framework grains of the rock is compacted tighter,making the seepage channels turn narrower.The"step by step dissolution and separation"acidification(acid fracturing)technology uses sustained release acid as main acidizing fluid,supramolecular solvent instead of hydrochloric acid to dissolve carbonate,and a composite system of ammonium hydrogen fluoride,fluoroboric acid,and fluorophosphoric acid to dissolve silicate,and dissolving and implementing step by step,finally reaching the goal of increasing porosity and permeability.By using the technology,the main blocking interstitial material can be dissolved effectively and the dissolution residual can be removed from the rock frame,thus expanding the effective drainage radius and increasing production and injection of single well.This technology has been proved effective by field test.

Development of Natural Gas in China--Concentrating Resources to Accomplish Major Undertakings, and Expediting Development through Diversified Ownerships

The development of China’s natural gas industry can be described as the story of an ancient but rising industry.In general,the route for China’s natural gas development is through concentrating resources to accomplish major undertakings,and expediting development through diversified ownerships.A brief review of the development of the natural gas industry in

Bayesian Estimation and Model Selection for the Spatiotemporal Autoregressive Model with Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Errors

The spatial and spatiotemporal autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity(STARCH) models receive increasing attention. In this paper, we introduce a spatiotemporal autoregressive(STAR) model with STARCH errors, which can capture the spatiotemporal dependence in mean and variance simultaneously. The Bayesian estimation and model selection are considered for our model. By Monte Carlo simulations, it is shown that the Bayesian estimator performs better than the corresponding maximum-likelihood estimator, and the Bayesian model selection can select out the true model in most times. Finally, two empirical examples are given to illustrate the superiority of our models in fitting those data.

潮汐河段周期性边滩切割临界阈值与沙体输移路径——以长江福姜沙河段为例

The evolution of point bars in changing sections of a downstream tidal current limit is periodic. Accordingly, assessing the critical morphology and hydrodynamic characteristics of point bar scour and the sediment transport process of scour sediment bodies can support river regulation and waterway maintenance. The frequent scour of point bars in changing sections of tidal current limits within the Yangtze River directly restricts waterway stability. This study examined the Fujiangsha reach of the Yangtze River, hydrological data on sediment transport, and riverbed topography from 1950. The Jingjiang bank tail exhibited an evolutionary cycle(siltation>scour>siltation), with a primary period ranging from 3–6 years. Additionally, certain morphological and dynamic conditions were necessary for scour. The Datong station flow(Q) ranged from 20,000–40,000 m^(3)·s^(-1)for ≥180 days·yr^(-1), enabling the bank silt layers to widen. Scour occurred during flooding and was concentrated in areas 5.0–7.5 km downstream from Ebizui. When Q≥40,000 m^(3)·s^(-1), scouring occurred in the bank middle and lower reaches, whereas Q≥50,000 m^(3)·s^(-1)for >50 consecutive days, scour occurred at the tail as well. Moreover, the volume of the scour shoals increased with the number of high-flow days(≥60,000 m^(3)·s^(-1)). Bottom sand transport mainly occurred in the low-bank zone. Before the project’s second phase, the longitudinal transport of the scouring sand bodies occurred as follows: Jingjiang bank > low bank on the north side of Shuangjiansha > Fubei anabranch. During the second phase, the longitudinal transport route changed to Jingjiang bank > Fubei anabranch. The Jingjiang bank volume was also reduced;thus, its development was controlled. Owing to changes in the longitudinal transport routes, dredging should be conducted in areas where scouring sand bodies are separately transported from the tail, thereby reducing the load of dredging and maintenance for the Fubei anabranch during dry years.

Optimal design of building openings to reduce the risk of indoor respiratory epidemic infections

The design of indoor airflow environments can significantly reduce the risk of respiratory epidemic infections indoors.Some studies have successfully developed theoretical models for calculating the effect of airflow fields on infection rates.However,up until now,studies have primarily focused on simulating and calculating the distribution of viral infection rates in current building scenarios.Due to the lack of a direct influence model for the design parameters and infection rate calculation,the present studies lack a quantitative analysis of the design parameters.This paper investigates the building openings design approach in a medium-sized kindergarten in Germany,intending to explore passive-based design solutions to improve the building's ability to prevent the virus'spread.We calculate the infection rate distribution in space by CFD combined with the Wells-Riley model.And then,use the Grasshopper platform to build an optimization model with the design parameters of building openings and infection rate values to discuss the relationship between geometric parameters and infection rate variation.The results show that the building openings'design parameters in transition spaces significantly affect the indoor infection rate under the condition that the input wind speed at the building openings is stable.We can see that optimizing building openings significantly reduces the average infection rate in space.The infection rate in the area with the largest decrease can be reduced by 18.41%.The distribution of infection rate in space is much more uniform,and the excess area is significantly reduced.This study has implications for future research and practice in designing public buildings under the influence of long-standing and cyclical outbreaks of epidemics.