Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancerrelated death.More than 80%of diagnoses occur at the middle to late stage of the disease,highlighting an urgent need f...Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancerrelated death.More than 80%of diagnoses occur at the middle to late stage of the disease,highlighting an urgent need for novel biomarkers detectable at earlier stages.Recently,aberrantly expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)have received a great deal of attention as potential sensitive and accurate biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.This review summarizes the current knowledge about potential miRNA biomarkers for gastric cancer that have been reported in the publicly available literature between 2008 and 2013.Available evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed miRNAs in gastric cancer correlate with tumorigenesis,tumor proliferation,distant metastasis and invasion.Furthermore,tissue and cancer types can be classified using miRNA expression profiles and next-generation sequencing.As miRNAs in plasma/serum are well protected from RNases,they remain stable under harsh conditions.Thus,potential functions of these circulating miRNAs can be deduced and may implicate their diagnostic value in cancer detection.Circulating miRNAs,as well as tissue miRNAs,may allow for the detection of gastric cancer at an early stage,prediction of prognosis,and monitoring of recurrence and/or lymph node metastasis.Taken together,the data suggest that the participation of miRNAs in biomarker development will enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic and prognostic tests for gastric cancer.展开更多
AIM: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and gastric cancer risk. METHODS: A case-control investigation including 212 gastric cancer patients and 377 healthy controls was ...AIM: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and gastric cancer risk. METHODS: A case-control investigation including 212 gastric cancer patients and 377 healthy controls was conducted. The genotypes of SNPs (rs6983267, rs7008482 and rs10808555) were examined and established through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and gastric cancer. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of rs6983267 in gastric cancer patients were obviously different from those in the control (P = 0.005). GT genotype of rs6983267 was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with GG genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.28-3.14). Further stratified analysis indicated that rs6983267 GT genotype facilitated the risk of gastric cancer of non-cardiac and intestinal type (OR: 2.638, 95% CI: 1.464-4.753; OR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.166-3.150, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that rs6983267 is involved in susceptibility to gastric cancer, although further large-sample investigations are still needed.展开更多
Allelic variation in a total of 7 microsatellites was examined between elvers of freshwater eels (Anguilla japonica and Anguilla anguilla). The number of alleles at these loci ranged from 8 to 26. A single test of eac...Allelic variation in a total of 7 microsatellites was examined between elvers of freshwater eels (Anguilla japonica and Anguilla anguilla). The number of alleles at these loci ranged from 8 to 26. A single test of each locus revealed significant deficits of heterozygotes (P<0.01). Significant departure from expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was found for all loci within four subpopulations of A. japonica, which opposes the panmixia hypothesis of Schmidt. Also exact tests of population differentiation based on allelic fre- quency distribution disagree the hypothesis of random distribution of individuals among populations. Population structure among four populations of A. japonica was revealed with FST value of 0.009 8 (P=0.000 48; 10 000 iteration). Pairwise matrixes of FST and RST showed a significant difference between two distantly related spe- cies—A. japonica and A. anguilla. Divergent time of the two species calculated by Goldstein method is over 2 million years. The results may challenge the Schmidt’s theory about the distribution of freshwater eels.展开更多
AIM: To explore the molecular events taking place during human colon cancer development and progression through high-throughput tissue microarray analysis. METHODS: We constructed two separate tissue microarrays conta...AIM: To explore the molecular events taking place during human colon cancer development and progression through high-throughput tissue microarray analysis. METHODS: We constructed two separate tissue microarrays containing 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm cylindrical samples acquired from 112 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks, including carcinomas (n = 85), adenomatous polyps (n = 18), as well as normal para-cancerous colon tissues (n = 9). Immunohistochemical staining was applied to the analysis of the consecutive tissue microarray sections with antibodies for 11 different proteins, including p53, p21, bcl-2, bax, cyclin D1, PTEN, p-Akt1, β-catenin, c-myc, nm23-h1 and Cox-2.RESULTS: The protein expressions of p53, bcl-2, bax, cyclin D1, β-catenin, c-myc, Cox-2 and nm23-h1 varied significantly among tissues from cancer, adenomatous polyps and normal colon mucosa (P = 0.003, P = 0.001, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.034, P = 0.003, P = 0.002, and P = 0.007, respectively). Chi-square analysis showed that the statistically significant variables were p53, p21, bax, β-catenin, c-myc, PTEN, p-Akt1, Cox-2 and nm23-h1 for histological grade (P = 0.005, P = 0.013, P = 0.044, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.029, P = 0.000, P = 0.008, and P = 0.000, respectively), β-catenin, c-myc and p-Akt1 for lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011, P =0.005, and P = 0.032, respectively), β-catenin, c-myc, Cox-2 and nm23-h1 for distance metastasis (P = 0.020, P = 0.000, P = 0.026, and P = 0.008, respectively), and cyclin D1, β-catenin, c-myc, Cox-2 and nm23h1 for clinical stages (P = 0.038, P = 0.008, P = 0.000, P = 0.016, and P = 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSION: Tissue microarray immunohistochemical staining enables high-throughput analysis of genetic alterations contributing to human colon cancer development and progression. Our results implicate the potential roles of p53, cyclin D1, bcl-2, bax, Cox-2, β-catenin and c-myc in development of human colon cancer and that of bcl-2, nm23-h1, PTEN and p-Akt1 in progression of human colon cancer.展开更多
The introduction of the antibiotics into clinical practice has significantly reduced the mortality of infectious diseases. Although chromosomally mediated β-1actamase is natural in many genera of bacteria, the intens...The introduction of the antibiotics into clinical practice has significantly reduced the mortality of infectious diseases. Although chromosomally mediated β-1actamase is natural in many genera of bacteria, the intensive use of antibiotics is the main cause for the increasing emergence of new β-1actamases. So far, more than 340 β-lactamases have been identified,1 among which, more than 200 are extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).2 The most prevalent β-lactamases are class A enzymes, including SHV and TEM. Genes encoding these enzymes generally located in large transferable plasmids. The dissemination of these plasmids attributes to the increasing incidence and spread of v-lactam resistance. It is important to investigate the prevalence and allelic distribution of genes encoding β-lactamase in the bacterial population in order to prevent the emergence of ESBLs in those bacteria and the spread of ESBLs in the clinical setting.展开更多
Herein we develop a unique differentiated-uptake strategy capable of efficient and high-purity isolation of genuine drug-resistant(DR)cells from three types of drug-surviving cancer cells,which include paclitaxel-surv...Herein we develop a unique differentiated-uptake strategy capable of efficient and high-purity isolation of genuine drug-resistant(DR)cells from three types of drug-surviving cancer cells,which include paclitaxel-surviving human ovarian OVCAR-3 cancer cells and human lung carcinoma A549/Taxol cells,and doxorubicin-surviving human immortalized myelogenous leukemia K562/ADR cells.By using this strategy which relies on fluorescent glycan nanoparticle(FGNP)-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS)assays,two subpopulations with distinct fluorescences existing in drug-surviving OVCAR-3 cells were separated,and we found that the lower fluorescence(LF)subpopulation consisted of DR cells,while the higher fluorescence(HF)subpopulation was comprised of non-DR cells.Besides,the DR cells and their progenies were found distinct in their increased expression of drug-resistant genes.More intriguingly,by using the FGNP-based FACS assay to detect DR/non-DR phenotypes,we found that the DR phenotype had a potential to differentiate into the non-DR progeny,which demonstrates the differentiation feature of stem-like cancer cells.Further research disclosed that the assay can quantitatively detect the degree of drug resistance in DR cells,as well as the reversal of drug resistance that are tackled by various therapeutic methods.The strategy thus paves the way to develop theranostic approaches associated with chemotherapy-resistance and cancer stemness.展开更多
Erratum to Nano Research 2020,13(11):3110-3122 https://d0i.0rg/l 0.1007/s 12274-020-2981-8 The article Fluorescent glycan nanoparticle-based FACS assays for the identification of genuine drug-resistant cancer cells wi...Erratum to Nano Research 2020,13(11):3110-3122 https://d0i.0rg/l 0.1007/s 12274-020-2981-8 The article Fluorescent glycan nanoparticle-based FACS assays for the identification of genuine drug-resistant cancer cells with differentiation potential,written by Chenglong Wang et al.,was erroneously originally published electronically on the publishers internet portal(currently SpringerLink)on 10 August 2020 with the Acknowledgements.展开更多
Background The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is important for the development of essential hypertension, and many antihypertensive drugs target it. This study was undertaken to determine whether polymo...Background The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is important for the development of essential hypertension, and many antihypertensive drugs target it. This study was undertaken to determine whether polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are related to the blood pressure (BP) response to diuretic treatment in a Chinese Han ethnic population. Methods Fifty-four patients with essential hypertension received hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg, once daily) as monotherapy for four weeks. Seven polymorphisms in RAAS genes were genotyped by gene chip technology. The relationship between these polymorphisms and the change in blood pressure was observed after the 4-week treatment. Results The patients with angiotensinogen (AGT) -6G allele showed a greater reduction in diastolic BP (P=- 0.025) and mean BP (P=-0.039) than those carrying AA genotype. Patients carrying aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) CC genotype exhibited a greater BP reduction than those carrying CT and TT genotypes (systolic BP: P=- 0.030; diastolic BP: P=- 0.026; mean BP: P=-0.003). In addition, patients with a combination of CYP11B2 CC genotype and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) D allele might have a more pronounced reduction of systolic BP than those with any other genotypic combinations of the two genes (P=0.007). Conclusions AGT-6G allele, CYP11B2 -344CC genotype and its combination with ACE D allele are associated with BP response to hydrochlorothiazide treatment. Larger studies are warranted to validate this finding.展开更多
Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics and provided unprecedented opportunities for high-throughput analysis at the levels of genomics,transcriptomics and epigenetics.Ho...Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics and provided unprecedented opportunities for high-throughput analysis at the levels of genomics,transcriptomics and epigenetics.However,the cost of NGS is still prohibitive for many laboratories.It is imperative to address the trade-off between the sequencing depth and cost.In this review,we will discuss the effects of sequencing depth on the detection of genes,quantification of gene expression and discovering of gene structural variants.This will provide readers information on choosing appropriate sequencing depth that best meet the needs of their particular project.展开更多
Camalexin (3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole) is the major phytoalexin found in Arabidopsis thaliana. Several key intermediates and corresponding enzymes have been identified in camalexin biosynthesis through mutant screening...Camalexin (3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole) is the major phytoalexin found in Arabidopsis thaliana. Several key intermediates and corresponding enzymes have been identified in camalexin biosynthesis through mutant screening and biochemical experiments. Camalexin is formed when indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP71A13. Here, we demonstrate that the Ara- bidopsis GH3.5 protein, a multifunctional acetyl-amido synthetase, is involved in camalexin biosynthesis via conjugating indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) and cysteine (Cys) and regulating camalexin biosynthesis genes. Camalexin levels were increased in the activation-tagged mutant gh3.5-1D in both Col-0 and cyp71A13-2 mutant backgrounds after pathogen infection. The recombinant GH3.5 protein catalyzed the conjugation of ICA and Cys to form a possible intermediate indole-3-acyl-cysteinate (ICA(Cys)) in vitro. In support of the in vitro reaction, feeding with ICA and Cys increased camalexin levels in Col-0 and gh3.5-1D. Dihydrocamalexic acid (DHCA), the precursor of camalexin and the substrate for PAD3, was accumulated in gh3.5-1DIpad3-1, suggesting that ICA(Cys) could be an additional precursor of DHCA for camalexin biosynthesis. Furthermore, expression of the major camalexin biosynthesis genes CYP79B2, CYP71A12, CYP71A13 and PAD3 was strongly induced in gh3.5-1D. Our study suggests that GH3.5 is involved in camalexin biosynthesis through direct catalyzation of the formation of ICA(Cys), and upregulation of the major biosynthetic pathway genes.展开更多
Objective:To compare the circular pathological changes of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients according to the tongue diagnosis.Methods:Totally 41 CHB patients with typical white tongue coating(WTC)or yellow tongue coati...Objective:To compare the circular pathological changes of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients according to the tongue diagnosis.Methods:Totally 41 CHB patients with typical white tongue coating(WTC)or yellow tongue coating(YTC)were enrolled and 14 healthy volunteers with normal tongue manifestation served as controls.The mRNA expression of peripheral leukocytes was detected by GeneChips,and 9 genes were randomly selected for expression validation.Circular metabolites were detected by gas chromatographymass spectrometry.Biological information was analyzed based on ingenuity pathways analysis or metabolomics database and the integrated networks were constructed by ClueGO.Results:A total of 945 and 716 differentially expressed genes were found in patients with WTC and YTC relative to healthy volunteers respectively.The biological information analysis indicated that CHB patients had obviously increased functions in cell death,apoptosis and necrosis(Z-score 2,P<0.05)and decreased activation in T lymphocytes(Z-score–2,P<0.05),regardless of the tongue manifestation.Compared to patients with WTC,the YTC patients were predicted to be more active in functions related to virus replication(Z-score 2,P<0.05),and the content of circular fatty acids,such as oleic acid(P=0.098)and lauric acid(P=0.035),and citric acid cycle-related metabolites were higher in the YTC patients(P<0.1).The integrated analysis based on differential genes and metabolites indicated that the most difference in the biological function network between the WTC and YTC patients was tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 mediated-nuclear factor kappa-B activation process.Conclusions:CHB patients with YTC had more severe inflammation and fatty acids metabolism aberrant than patients with WTC.The results facilitate the modern pathological annotation of Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis theory and provide a reference for the interpretation of pharmacological mechanisms of Chinese medicine treatment.展开更多
Bartter syndrome type Ⅲ is a Bartter syndrome subtype, which has a group of autosomal-recessive inherited disorders with clinical characteristics such as renal salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis,elevated r...Bartter syndrome type Ⅲ is a Bartter syndrome subtype, which has a group of autosomal-recessive inherited disorders with clinical characteristics such as renal salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis,elevated renin and aldosterone levels, with normal or low blood pressure.1 Unlike other subtypes that often begin in the neonatal period, type Ⅲ, due to mutations in the CLCNKB gene,2-4 is highly variable and usually presents as a "classic" Barrter variant characterized by an onset in early childhood and less severe or absent hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.展开更多
Dear Editor,Recent studies show that induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)generated through ectopic expression of transcription factors retain an epigenetic memory of their original somatic cells(Kim et al.,2010;Polo ...Dear Editor,Recent studies show that induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)generated through ectopic expression of transcription factors retain an epigenetic memory of their original somatic cells(Kim et al.,2010;Polo et al.,2010)or aberrant silencing of a single imprinted gene cluster(Liu et al.,2010;Stadtfeld et al.,2010),which affects their developmental and differentiation potentials.展开更多
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are under precise control of both intrinsic self-renewal gene regulatory network and extrinsic growth factor-triggered signaling cascades.
基金Supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30900745the National High-Tech Research and Development Program(863 Program),No.2012AA020103
文摘Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancerrelated death.More than 80%of diagnoses occur at the middle to late stage of the disease,highlighting an urgent need for novel biomarkers detectable at earlier stages.Recently,aberrantly expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)have received a great deal of attention as potential sensitive and accurate biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.This review summarizes the current knowledge about potential miRNA biomarkers for gastric cancer that have been reported in the publicly available literature between 2008 and 2013.Available evidence indicates that aberrantly expressed miRNAs in gastric cancer correlate with tumorigenesis,tumor proliferation,distant metastasis and invasion.Furthermore,tissue and cancer types can be classified using miRNA expression profiles and next-generation sequencing.As miRNAs in plasma/serum are well protected from RNases,they remain stable under harsh conditions.Thus,potential functions of these circulating miRNAs can be deduced and may implicate their diagnostic value in cancer detection.Circulating miRNAs,as well as tissue miRNAs,may allow for the detection of gastric cancer at an early stage,prediction of prognosis,and monitoring of recurrence and/or lymph node metastasis.Taken together,the data suggest that the participation of miRNAs in biomarker development will enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic and prognostic tests for gastric cancer.
基金Supported by Shanghai "Phosphor" Science Foundation, China, No. 09QB1403100the National High Technology Researchand Development Program of China, No. 2006AA020704 and 2006AA02A407the Funds for Key Programs of Ministry ofHealth of China, No.2008ZX10002-017
文摘AIM: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and gastric cancer risk. METHODS: A case-control investigation including 212 gastric cancer patients and 377 healthy controls was conducted. The genotypes of SNPs (rs6983267, rs7008482 and rs10808555) were examined and established through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and gastric cancer. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of rs6983267 in gastric cancer patients were obviously different from those in the control (P = 0.005). GT genotype of rs6983267 was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with GG genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.28-3.14). Further stratified analysis indicated that rs6983267 GT genotype facilitated the risk of gastric cancer of non-cardiac and intestinal type (OR: 2.638, 95% CI: 1.464-4.753; OR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.166-3.150, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that rs6983267 is involved in susceptibility to gastric cancer, although further large-sample investigations are still needed.
基金Project supported by "Su Guang" Program of Shanghai EducationCommittee and the Foundation of Shanghai Education Development(02SG22) and the National Key Basic Research Programs of the Ministryof Science and Technology, China (G1999043705 and 2002CB412405)
文摘Allelic variation in a total of 7 microsatellites was examined between elvers of freshwater eels (Anguilla japonica and Anguilla anguilla). The number of alleles at these loci ranged from 8 to 26. A single test of each locus revealed significant deficits of heterozygotes (P<0.01). Significant departure from expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was found for all loci within four subpopulations of A. japonica, which opposes the panmixia hypothesis of Schmidt. Also exact tests of population differentiation based on allelic fre- quency distribution disagree the hypothesis of random distribution of individuals among populations. Population structure among four populations of A. japonica was revealed with FST value of 0.009 8 (P=0.000 48; 10 000 iteration). Pairwise matrixes of FST and RST showed a significant difference between two distantly related spe- cies—A. japonica and A. anguilla. Divergent time of the two species calculated by Goldstein method is over 2 million years. The results may challenge the Schmidt’s theory about the distribution of freshwater eels.
基金Supported by grant from the National 863 Project about Functional Genomic and Biochip, No. 2002AA2Z2021 and 135 Medical Important Talent Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No. 37RC2002037
文摘AIM: To explore the molecular events taking place during human colon cancer development and progression through high-throughput tissue microarray analysis. METHODS: We constructed two separate tissue microarrays containing 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm cylindrical samples acquired from 112 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks, including carcinomas (n = 85), adenomatous polyps (n = 18), as well as normal para-cancerous colon tissues (n = 9). Immunohistochemical staining was applied to the analysis of the consecutive tissue microarray sections with antibodies for 11 different proteins, including p53, p21, bcl-2, bax, cyclin D1, PTEN, p-Akt1, β-catenin, c-myc, nm23-h1 and Cox-2.RESULTS: The protein expressions of p53, bcl-2, bax, cyclin D1, β-catenin, c-myc, Cox-2 and nm23-h1 varied significantly among tissues from cancer, adenomatous polyps and normal colon mucosa (P = 0.003, P = 0.001, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.034, P = 0.003, P = 0.002, and P = 0.007, respectively). Chi-square analysis showed that the statistically significant variables were p53, p21, bax, β-catenin, c-myc, PTEN, p-Akt1, Cox-2 and nm23-h1 for histological grade (P = 0.005, P = 0.013, P = 0.044, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.029, P = 0.000, P = 0.008, and P = 0.000, respectively), β-catenin, c-myc and p-Akt1 for lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011, P =0.005, and P = 0.032, respectively), β-catenin, c-myc, Cox-2 and nm23-h1 for distance metastasis (P = 0.020, P = 0.000, P = 0.026, and P = 0.008, respectively), and cyclin D1, β-catenin, c-myc, Cox-2 and nm23h1 for clinical stages (P = 0.038, P = 0.008, P = 0.000, P = 0.016, and P = 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSION: Tissue microarray immunohistochemical staining enables high-throughput analysis of genetic alterations contributing to human colon cancer development and progression. Our results implicate the potential roles of p53, cyclin D1, bcl-2, bax, Cox-2, β-catenin and c-myc in development of human colon cancer and that of bcl-2, nm23-h1, PTEN and p-Akt1 in progression of human colon cancer.
文摘The introduction of the antibiotics into clinical practice has significantly reduced the mortality of infectious diseases. Although chromosomally mediated β-1actamase is natural in many genera of bacteria, the intensive use of antibiotics is the main cause for the increasing emergence of new β-1actamases. So far, more than 340 β-lactamases have been identified,1 among which, more than 200 are extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).2 The most prevalent β-lactamases are class A enzymes, including SHV and TEM. Genes encoding these enzymes generally located in large transferable plasmids. The dissemination of these plasmids attributes to the increasing incidence and spread of v-lactam resistance. It is important to investigate the prevalence and allelic distribution of genes encoding β-lactamase in the bacterial population in order to prevent the emergence of ESBLs in those bacteria and the spread of ESBLs in the clinical setting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871180 and 81872121)the“Shuguang Program”supported by the Shanghai Education Development Foundation and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.17SG12)+2 种基金the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(No.SHDP201802)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18520710300 and 17ZR1404100)the Biomedical Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of SJTU(No.YG2019QNB34).
文摘Herein we develop a unique differentiated-uptake strategy capable of efficient and high-purity isolation of genuine drug-resistant(DR)cells from three types of drug-surviving cancer cells,which include paclitaxel-surviving human ovarian OVCAR-3 cancer cells and human lung carcinoma A549/Taxol cells,and doxorubicin-surviving human immortalized myelogenous leukemia K562/ADR cells.By using this strategy which relies on fluorescent glycan nanoparticle(FGNP)-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS)assays,two subpopulations with distinct fluorescences existing in drug-surviving OVCAR-3 cells were separated,and we found that the lower fluorescence(LF)subpopulation consisted of DR cells,while the higher fluorescence(HF)subpopulation was comprised of non-DR cells.Besides,the DR cells and their progenies were found distinct in their increased expression of drug-resistant genes.More intriguingly,by using the FGNP-based FACS assay to detect DR/non-DR phenotypes,we found that the DR phenotype had a potential to differentiate into the non-DR progeny,which demonstrates the differentiation feature of stem-like cancer cells.Further research disclosed that the assay can quantitatively detect the degree of drug resistance in DR cells,as well as the reversal of drug resistance that are tackled by various therapeutic methods.The strategy thus paves the way to develop theranostic approaches associated with chemotherapy-resistance and cancer stemness.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871180 and 81872121)the“Shuguang Program”supported by the Shanghai Education Development Foundation and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.17SG12)+2 种基金the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(No.SHDP201802)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18520710300 and 18JC1413500)the Biomedical Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of SJTU(No.YG2019QNB34).
文摘Erratum to Nano Research 2020,13(11):3110-3122 https://d0i.0rg/l 0.1007/s 12274-020-2981-8 The article Fluorescent glycan nanoparticle-based FACS assays for the identification of genuine drug-resistant cancer cells with differentiation potential,written by Chenglong Wang et al.,was erroneously originally published electronically on the publishers internet portal(currently SpringerLink)on 10 August 2020 with the Acknowledgements.
文摘Background The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is important for the development of essential hypertension, and many antihypertensive drugs target it. This study was undertaken to determine whether polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are related to the blood pressure (BP) response to diuretic treatment in a Chinese Han ethnic population. Methods Fifty-four patients with essential hypertension received hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg, once daily) as monotherapy for four weeks. Seven polymorphisms in RAAS genes were genotyped by gene chip technology. The relationship between these polymorphisms and the change in blood pressure was observed after the 4-week treatment. Results The patients with angiotensinogen (AGT) -6G allele showed a greater reduction in diastolic BP (P=- 0.025) and mean BP (P=-0.039) than those carrying AA genotype. Patients carrying aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) CC genotype exhibited a greater BP reduction than those carrying CT and TT genotypes (systolic BP: P=- 0.030; diastolic BP: P=- 0.026; mean BP: P=-0.003). In addition, patients with a combination of CYP11B2 CC genotype and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) D allele might have a more pronounced reduction of systolic BP than those with any other genotypic combinations of the two genes (P=0.007). Conclusions AGT-6G allele, CYP11B2 -344CC genotype and its combination with ACE D allele are associated with BP response to hydrochlorothiazide treatment. Larger studies are warranted to validate this finding.
文摘Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics and provided unprecedented opportunities for high-throughput analysis at the levels of genomics,transcriptomics and epigenetics.However,the cost of NGS is still prohibitive for many laboratories.It is imperative to address the trade-off between the sequencing depth and cost.In this review,we will discuss the effects of sequencing depth on the detection of genes,quantification of gene expression and discovering of gene structural variants.This will provide readers information on choosing appropriate sequencing depth that best meet the needs of their particular project.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011CB100700 and 2007AA10Z107)from the CAS International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams
文摘Camalexin (3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole) is the major phytoalexin found in Arabidopsis thaliana. Several key intermediates and corresponding enzymes have been identified in camalexin biosynthesis through mutant screening and biochemical experiments. Camalexin is formed when indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP71A13. Here, we demonstrate that the Ara- bidopsis GH3.5 protein, a multifunctional acetyl-amido synthetase, is involved in camalexin biosynthesis via conjugating indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) and cysteine (Cys) and regulating camalexin biosynthesis genes. Camalexin levels were increased in the activation-tagged mutant gh3.5-1D in both Col-0 and cyp71A13-2 mutant backgrounds after pathogen infection. The recombinant GH3.5 protein catalyzed the conjugation of ICA and Cys to form a possible intermediate indole-3-acyl-cysteinate (ICA(Cys)) in vitro. In support of the in vitro reaction, feeding with ICA and Cys increased camalexin levels in Col-0 and gh3.5-1D. Dihydrocamalexic acid (DHCA), the precursor of camalexin and the substrate for PAD3, was accumulated in gh3.5-1DIpad3-1, suggesting that ICA(Cys) could be an additional precursor of DHCA for camalexin biosynthesis. Furthermore, expression of the major camalexin biosynthesis genes CYP79B2, CYP71A12, CYP71A13 and PAD3 was strongly induced in gh3.5-1D. Our study suggests that GH3.5 is involved in camalexin biosynthesis through direct catalyzation of the formation of ICA(Cys), and upregulation of the major biosynthetic pathway genes.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2017ZX09304002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81830119,81403298)。
文摘Objective:To compare the circular pathological changes of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients according to the tongue diagnosis.Methods:Totally 41 CHB patients with typical white tongue coating(WTC)or yellow tongue coating(YTC)were enrolled and 14 healthy volunteers with normal tongue manifestation served as controls.The mRNA expression of peripheral leukocytes was detected by GeneChips,and 9 genes were randomly selected for expression validation.Circular metabolites were detected by gas chromatographymass spectrometry.Biological information was analyzed based on ingenuity pathways analysis or metabolomics database and the integrated networks were constructed by ClueGO.Results:A total of 945 and 716 differentially expressed genes were found in patients with WTC and YTC relative to healthy volunteers respectively.The biological information analysis indicated that CHB patients had obviously increased functions in cell death,apoptosis and necrosis(Z-score 2,P<0.05)and decreased activation in T lymphocytes(Z-score–2,P<0.05),regardless of the tongue manifestation.Compared to patients with WTC,the YTC patients were predicted to be more active in functions related to virus replication(Z-score 2,P<0.05),and the content of circular fatty acids,such as oleic acid(P=0.098)and lauric acid(P=0.035),and citric acid cycle-related metabolites were higher in the YTC patients(P<0.1).The integrated analysis based on differential genes and metabolites indicated that the most difference in the biological function network between the WTC and YTC patients was tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 mediated-nuclear factor kappa-B activation process.Conclusions:CHB patients with YTC had more severe inflammation and fatty acids metabolism aberrant than patients with WTC.The results facilitate the modern pathological annotation of Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis theory and provide a reference for the interpretation of pharmacological mechanisms of Chinese medicine treatment.
文摘Bartter syndrome type Ⅲ is a Bartter syndrome subtype, which has a group of autosomal-recessive inherited disorders with clinical characteristics such as renal salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis,elevated renin and aldosterone levels, with normal or low blood pressure.1 Unlike other subtypes that often begin in the neonatal period, type Ⅲ, due to mutations in the CLCNKB gene,2-4 is highly variable and usually presents as a "classic" Barrter variant characterized by an onset in early childhood and less severe or absent hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.
基金supported in part by grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-YW-R-110,KSCX2-YW-R-229,XDA01010403 to J.L.,KSCX1-YW-02,KJCX2-YW-M15 to J.W.)the Ministry of Science and Technology(2007CB947101,2009CB941101 to J.L.,2006CB503900,2010CB912102 to J.W.)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30871430 to J.L.,30821065 to J.W.)the Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology(07DZ22919,08DJ1400502,09PJ1410900 to J.L.,07dz05907 to J.W.).
文摘Dear Editor,Recent studies show that induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)generated through ectopic expression of transcription factors retain an epigenetic memory of their original somatic cells(Kim et al.,2010;Polo et al.,2010)or aberrant silencing of a single imprinted gene cluster(Liu et al.,2010;Stadtfeld et al.,2010),which affects their developmental and differentiation potentials.
文摘Embryonic stem (ES) cells are under precise control of both intrinsic self-renewal gene regulatory network and extrinsic growth factor-triggered signaling cascades.