Intelligent Intrusion Detection System for the Internet of Medical Things Based on Data-Driven Techniques

Introducing IoT devices to healthcare fields has made it possible to remotely monitor patients’information and provide a proper diagnosis as needed,resulting in the Internet of Medical Things(IoMT).However,obtaining good security features that ensure the integrity and confidentiality of patient’s information is a significant challenge.However,due to the computational resources being limited,an edge device may struggle to handle heavy detection tasks such as complex machine learning algorithms.Therefore,designing and developing a lightweight detection mechanism is crucial.To address the aforementioned challenges,a new lightweight IDS approach is developed to effectively combat a diverse range of cyberattacks in IoMT networks.The proposed anomaly-based IDS is divided into three steps:pre-processing,feature selection,and decision.In the pre-processing phase,data cleaning and normalization are performed.In the feature selection step,the proposed approach uses two data-driven kernel techniques:kernel principal component analysis and kernel partial least square techniques to reduce the dimension of extracted features and to ameliorate the detection results.Therefore,in decision step,in order to classify whether the traffic flow is normal or malicious the kernel extreme learning machine is used.To check the efficiency of the developed detection scheme,a modern IoMT dataset named WUSTL-EHMS-2020 is considered to evaluate and discuss the achieved results.The proposed method achieved 99.9%accuracy,99.8%specificity,100%Sensitivity,99.9 F-score.

A Comparative Study of Different Drying Processes for a Deformable Saturated Porous Medium

Drying of a deformable saturated porous medium based on convective tempering is a novel method that can enhance energy efficiency and the quality of the dried product itself.In this experimental investigation,the performances of this specific technique are compared with those of a standard stationary drying process in terms of deformation,drying kinetics,moisture redistribution,and energy consumption.In particular,the response of a deformable saturated porous medium(Kaolin)is considered.The results are critically discussed pointing out advantages and drawbacks.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on High-Pressure Centrifugal Pumps:Ultimate Pressure Formulation,Fatigue Life Assessment and Topological Optimization of Discharge Section

A high percentage of failure in pump elements originates from fatigue.This study focuses on the discharge section behavior,made of ductile iron,under dynamic load.An experimental protocol is established to collect the strain under pressurization and depressurization tests at specific locations.These experimental results are used to formulate the ultimate pressure expression function of the strain and the lateral surface of the discharge section and to validate finite element modeling.Fe-Safe is then used to assess the fatigue life cycle using different types of fatigue criteria(Coffin-Manson,Morrow,Goodman,and Soderberg).When the pressure is under 3000 PSI,pumps have an unlimited service life of 107 cycles,regardless of the criterion.However,for a pressure of 3555 PSI,only the Morrow criterion denotes a significant decrease in fatigue life cycles,as it considers the average stress.The topological optimization is then applied to the most critical pump model(with the lowest fatigue life cycle)to increase its fatigue life.Using the solid isotropic material with a penalization approach,the Abaqus Topology OptimizationModule is employed.The goal is to reduce the strain energy density while keeping the volume within bounds.According to the findings,a 5%volume reduction causes the strain energy density to decrease from 1.06 to 0.66106 J/m^(3).According to Morrow,the fatigue life cycle at 3,555 PSI is 782,425 longer than the initial 309,742 cycles.

Application of Prunus amygdalus By-products in Eco-friendly Dyeing of Textile Fabrics

Natural dyes have become an interesting subject of study because of their better ecological properties in comparison to their synthetic counterparts.This article concerns the dyeing of wool,silk,and polyamide fabrics with natural dyes extracted from almond shells and stems.The developed method of dyeing by these extracts is interesting and very attractive for several reasons:firstly,the extracts used are the black liquor discharged from the industries of delignification,which is a chemical process for removing lignin from agricultural wastes to produce a cellulosic fiber;(ii)these natural dyes are renewable and available in large quantities;(iii)this method is economical;and(iv)lastly,the dyeing performances of the obtained dyed textiles are very promising.The color of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB coordinates and their fastness properties measured by washing,rubbing,and light.

A Challenging Approach to Improve the Low Affinity of Acrylic Fibres to Be Successfully Dyed with a Bio-Colorant Extracted from Grape Marc

Acrylic fibres are highly crystalline and non-polar polymers,which makes their dyeing a very difficult step that poses real technical challenges.In order to overcome this concern,it is intended in this paper to modify acrylic fibers by different methods namely cationisation using the Crosscolor DRT then amidoximation using hydroxylamine hydrochloride and ammonium acetate.The resulted samples were dyed then with the bio-colorant extracted from grape marc.The effect of the pretreatment on fibers fine structure using X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and its correlation with the colour strength of the dyed fabrics was investigated.The dyeing parameters,such as dye bath pH and temperature on the performances of this dyeing process were studied.Good dyeing qualities and new shades varying from brown to grey and dark green have been obtained following process optimization,mordanting and modification of acrylic fibers by the technique of cationisation.

Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Lignin Extracted from Ficus Carica L.

The most abundant phenolic biopolymer in the biosphere is the lignin.This phenolic biopolymer commonly exists in combination with polysaccharides and other cell wall components.In this study,the solvent system dioxane-water is used to extract lignin,which is considered as unaltered native lignin.The dioxane lignin extracted from fig stems was characterized regarding to its structural feature,quantification of its functional groups,molecular weight,and evaluation of its thermal properties.Purity and molecular weight distribution of the studied lignin indicated that isolated lignin contained a low amount of sugar(c.a.19%)and had a high weight-average molecular weight(10068 g.mol-1).Lignin sample had approximately the same amounts of guaiacyl(G)and p-hydroxyphenyl(H)units with relatively fewer syringyl(S)units.The isolated lignin revealed good antioxidant properties.Therefore,it proved to have a high potential of application in new antioxidants formulations.

Optimal Experiment Design for the Identification of the Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient in Sand Casting

The interfacial heat transfer coefficient(IHTC)is one of the main input parameters required by casting simulation software.It plays an important role in the accurate modeling of the solidification process.However,its value is not easily identifiable by means of experimental methods requiring temperature measurements during the solidification process itself.For these reasons,an optimal experiment design was performed in this study to determine the optimal position for the temperature measurement and the optimal thickness of the rectangular cast iron part.This parameter was identified using an inverse technique.In particular,two different algorithms were used:Levenberg Marquard(LM)and Monte Carlo(MC).A numerical model of the solidification process was associated with the optimization algorithm.The temperature was measured at different positions from the mould/metal interface at d=0 mm(mould/metal interface),30 mm,60 mm and 90 mm.the thicknesses of the cast part were:L1=40 mm,60 mm and 80 mm.A comparative study on the IHTC identification was then carried out by varying the initial value of the IHTC between 500 Wm^(-2)K^(-1) and 1050 Wm^(-2)K^(-1).Results showed that the MC algorithm used for estimating the IHTC gives the best results,and the optimal position was at d=30 mm,the position closest to the mould/metal interface,for the lowest thickness L1=40 mm.

Characterization and Drying of Green Mint

Mint is a medicinal and aromatic plant. It is very important for the pharmacopoeia, perfumes, confectionery and liquor industry. Some green mint leaves without rods are used as samples. Physical and mechanical properties of the sample such as the desorption isotherms, the density and volumetric withdrawal are determined. The kinetics of drying, where it follows the changes of the water content of the sample as a function of the drying time for the three temperatures 30, 40 and 50℃, is also presented and discussed.

Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Caprock Formations Used for Storage and Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide

The main objective of the present study is to characterize cap rock formation used for geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). The petrophysical properties of several rocks were studied before CO2 injection. This step is necessary for an understanding of CO2-brine-rock interactions. The mineralogical composition of several clay samples collected from real storage sites located in the south of Tunisia was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled to a probe EDS, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and fluorescence spectra. The obtained experimental results reveal that illite, calcite and quartz are the dominant clay minerals. Dolomite and albite are also present. Besides, SEM analysis shows laminated structure for these samples which suggests low crystallinity. This sample contains a higher content of Fe, Cl, Ca and O. The clay cover may also be useful in storage process by immobilizing the migration of CO2 outer of the geological site and activating the process of mineral sequestration.

Experimental Adsorption and Modelisation of CO<SUB>2</SUB>on Adsorbents Collected from Elborma Field in South Tunisia

In order to select the best adsorbant for CO2 sequestration, this study deals the interaction between clay, Triassic sandstone and Jurassic evaporate and CO2. These materials have been used as sorbents. To choose the adequate geological layers for sequestration and with minimum risk of leakage, adsorbent characterizations were investigated using X-ray diffraction, SEM and surface area analysis, structural and textural shapes of these materials have been investigated too. The elution chromatography in gaseous phase has been employed to determine the adsorption isotherms of adsorbed CO2 for each adsorbent. Then, the treatment of the experimental data allowed us to compare each CO2/adsorbent couple. The adsorption isotherms were modeled using the Langmir and Freundlich models. A thermodynamic comparison between the different adsorbents will also be provided. Experimental results show that clay and Triassic sandstone have the highest rate of adsorption amount. It has been also found that the Langmuir model is the most appropriate one to describe the phenomenon of CO2 adsorption on clay. However, for the other adsorbents (i.e. Triassic sandstone and Jurassic evaporates) the two-models are adequate.

The Contribution of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Screening for Cancer of the Cervix

Recently, research into pathological cytology were intended to put in places of artificial intelligence systems based on the development of new diagnostic technologies and the cell image segmentation. These technologies are not intended to substitute the human expert but to facilitate his task. The objective of this work is to develop a method for diagnosing cancer cervical smears using cervical-vaginal segmented to build the authors＇ database and a human supervisor and as an automatic tool manage and monitor the execution of the operation of diagnostic and proposing corrective actions if necessary. The Supervisor Smart is manufactured by the technique of neural networks with a success rate of 43.3% followed by the technique of fuzzy logic with a success rate equal to 56.7% and finally to improve this rate we used neuro-fuzzy approach which has a rate which reaches 94%.

Aerodynamic Performances of Wind Turbine Airfoils Using a Panel Method

One of the key features of Laplace＇s Equation is the property that allows the equation governing the flow field to be converted from a 3D problem throughout the field to a 2D problem for finding the potential on the surface. The solution is then found using this property by distributing ＂singularities＂ of unknown strength over discretized portions of the surface： panels. Hence the flow field solution is found by representing the surface by a number of panels, and solving a linear set of algebraic equations to determine the unknown strengths of the singularities. In this paper a Hess-Smith Panel Method is then used to examine the aerodynamics of NACA 4412 and NACA 23015 wind turbine airfoils. The lift coefficient and the pressure distribution are predicted and compared with experimental result for low Reynolds number. Results show a good agreement with experimental data.

Two Independent Numerical Studies Demonstrating How to Efficiently Eliminate Electrolysis Side Reactions in Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Pumping System

In this work, a numerical study for designing a new kind of MHD （Magneto-Hydrn-Dynamic） pumps is presented. This technique makes a compromise between electrolysis prevention and high flow rate performance. This technique should eliminate electrolytic bubble generation, electrodes wear and fluid propriety modification. All these side phenomena are prevented by considering isolated electrodes. The numerical presented results in this paper demonstrate that continuous MHD pumping is possible with isolated electrodes. The MHD excitation combines a high frequency altering current with a low frequency altering magnetic field. In order to validate our results, two independent theoretical methods for computing flow rate are followed. The two presented independent approaches show that high flow rate is possible even with isolated electrodes. To overcome the problem of dimensioning this kind of pumps, a generic numerical analysis is proposed. Hence, the pump performances as functions of the external parameter are studied and tools to calculate for a given fluid and the optimal high frequency regime are provided.

Hardware Module Placement for Dynamically Reconfigurable Architecture

Partial Reconfigurable FPGAs （Field Programmable Gate Array） allow tasks to be placed and removed dynamically at runtime. One of the challenging problems is the placement of modules on reconfigurable resources. Several modules placement techniques have been introduced in the literature to solve the temporal placement problem. This paper presents a temporal placement approach that manages the resources of a reconfigurable device. In fact, the authors＇ contribution focuses on introducing a new temporal placement algorithm that aims to minimize the communication cost between modules. Results show an important improvement in communication cost compared with other approaches.

Neural Network Based on SET Inverter Structures: Neuro-Inspired Memory

This paper presents a basic block for building large-scale single-electron neural networks. This macro block is completely composed of SET inverter circuits. We present and discuss the basic parts of this device. The full design and simulation results were done using MATLAB and SIMON, which are a single-electron tunnel device and circuit simulator based on a Monte Carlo method. Special measures had to be taken in order to simulate this circuit correctly in SIMON and compare results with those of SPICE simulation done before. Moreover, we study part of the network as a memory cell with the idea of combining the extremely low-power properties of the SET and the compact design.

On the Stability Analysis of Switched Nonlinear Systems with Time Varying Delay Under Arbitrary Switching

This paper addresses the stability problem for a class of switched nonlinear time varying delay systems modeled by delay differential equations. By transforming the system representation under the arrow form and using a new constructed Lyapunov function,the aggregation techniques,the Borne-Gentina practical stability criterion associated with the properties, new delay-independent stability conditions of the considered systems are established. Compared with the existing results in this area, the obtained result is explicit, simple to use and allows us to avoid the problem of searching a common Lyapunov function. Finally, an example is provided, with numerical simulations,to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Global Stability Analysis of Switched Nonlinear Observers

This paper considers the problem of simultaneous estimation of the system states and the strategy of commutation for a larger class of nonlinear switched systems.First,a hybrid high gain observer is considered to get the exact estimation of the continuous states where the strategy of switching is previously known.Then,an extension to a larger class of nonlinear hybrid systems with arbitrary switching is made.Stability analysis is widely discussed for the two cases to provide a finite-time convergence of the estimation errors.The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid high gain observer has been proved by applying it to a quadruple tank process.

Iterative Selection of GOB Poles in the Context of System Modeling

This paper is concerned with the problem of system identification using expansions on generalized orthonormal bases(GOB). Three algorithms are proposed to optimize the poles of such a basis. The first two algorithms determine a GOB with optimal real poles while the third one determines a GOB with optimal real and complex poles. These algorithms are based on the estimation of the dominant mode associated with a residual signal obtained by iteratively filtering the output of the process to be modelled. These algorithms are iterative and based on the quadratic error between the linear process output and the GOB based model output. They present the advantage to be very simple to implement. No numerical optimization technique is needed, and in consequence there is no problem of local minima as is the case for other algorithms in the literature. The convergence of the proposed algorithms is proved by demonstrating that the modeling quadratic error between the process output and the GOB based model is decreasing at each iteration of the algorithm. The performance of the proposed pole selection algorithms are based on the quadratic error criteria and illustrated by means of simulation results.

Tribological and Physicochemical Analysis of Squid Pen High-density Polyethylene Biocomposite for Medical Application

High-Density Polyethylene(HDPE)wear debris generated in the hip joint prothesis leads to its loosening.The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Squid Pen(SP)on the tribological and physicochemical properties of HDPE matrix.Biocomposites filled with 0,5,10,15 and 20 wt.%SP were elaborated by hot compression molding.Wear tests were carried out using a reciprocating pin-on-disc tribometer.Rockwell hardness,Fourier-Transform infra-red(FTIR)analysis,Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)of the biocomposite were analysed.FTIR analysis results of the biocomposites showed that an increase in the crystallinity rate was obtained with the addition of SP filler.Only 10 wt.%of SP has a significant effect on the hardness of the composite.The correlation between the friction coefficient and the wear resistance of the composite was investigated.The 5 wt.%SP-HDPE biocomposite has the lowest friction coefficient value with a decrease in the specific wear rate,compared to the unfilled HDPE.The SEM results showed that SP wear debris played an important role as a third roller body at the interface reducing the friction coefficient of the composite.It was concluded that the HDPE biocomposite could be successfully reinforced with 5 wt.%of SP.