Gender and tachycardia： independent modulation of platelet reactivity in patients with atrial fibrillation

有纤维性颤动(AF ) 经验增加了的 atrial 的 BackgroundFemale 病人与男性相比 thromboembolism 冒险，被它的包括在 CHA 2 DS 2 VASc 分数。新发作 AF (经常与心悸亢进联系了) 也讨论病人增加的 thromboembolic 风险。位于这风险下面的机制不明确，却新发作 AF 与血小板的深刻缺陷被联系氮的氧化物(没有) 发信号。给对 catecholamines 的心血管的回答是性依赖者，并且在新发作 AF 的心悸亢进的存在可以代表回答到 catecholaminergic 刺激，我们在血小板聚集上探索了性和心悸亢进的潜在的影响，没有 signalling.MethodsInteractions 在在导致的腺苷 diphosphate (自动数据处理)的程度之间的 87 个 AF 病人被寻求血小板聚集， anti-aggregatory NO 完成施主，钠 nitroprusside ，性，和承认 h 交往 thioredoxin 蛋白质(Txnip ) 的血小板表示的潜在的影响也是证实的协变性的 evaluated.ResultsAnalysis 在血小板自动数据处理和没有回答之间的生理的对抗的存在[F (1， 74 )= 12.212， P <；0.01 ] 当女性相关与时没损害血小板 aggregability 的回答独立人士[F (2， 74 )= 8.313， P <；0.01 ] 。承认心率与血小板聚集直接相关(r = 0.235， P <；0.05 ) ，并且相反地没有反应(r =−； 0.331， P <；0.01 ) 。既不与性也不与心 rate.ConclusionsThese 改变的 Txnip 表示结果显示那性和心率是血小板功能的独立决定因素。正常血小板功能的恢复上的心悸亢进的颠倒的通常认为的利益的未来的研究因此是优先级。

Nutrient stimulation of mesenteric blood flow-implications for older critically ill patients

Nutrient ingestion induces a substantial increase in mesenteric blood flow. In older persons(aged ≥ 65 years), particularly those with chronic medical conditions, the cardiovascular compensatory response may be inadequate to maintain systemic blood pressure during mesenteric blood pooling, leading to postprandial hypotension. In older ambulatory persons, postprandial hypotension is an important pathophysiological condition associated with an increased propensity for syncope, falls, coronary vascular events, stroke and death. In older critically ill patients, the administration of enteral nutrition acutely increases mesenteric blood flow, but whether this pathophysiological response is protective, or precipitates mesenteric ischaemia, is unknown. There are an increasing number of older patients surviving admission to intensive care units, who are likely to be at increased risk of postprandial hypotension, both during, and after, their stay in hospital. In this review, we describe the prevalence, impact and mechanisms of postprandial hypotension in older people and provide an overview of the impact of postprandial hypotension on feeding prescriptions in older critically ill patients. Finally, we provide evidence that postprandial hypotension is likely to be an unrecognised problem in older survivors of critical illness and discuss potential options for management.

Modulation of individual components of gastric motor response to duodenal glucose

AIM:To evaluate individual components of the antro-pyloro-duodenal(APD)motor response to graded small intestinal glucose infusions in healthy humans.METHODS:APD manometry was performed in 15healthy subjects(12 male;40±5 years,body mass index 26.5±1.6 kg/m2)during four 20-min intraduodenal infusions of glucose at 0,0.5,1.0 and 1.5 kcal/min,in a randomised double-blinded fashion.Glucose solutions were infused at a rate of 1 mL/min and separated by 40-min"wash-out"period.Data are mean±SE.Inferential analyses are repeated measure analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc testing.RESULTS:At 0 kcal/min frequency of pressure waves were:antrum(7.5±1.8 waves/20 min)and isolated pyloric pressure waves(IPPWs)(8.0±2.3 waves/20min)with pyloric tone(0.0±0.9 mmHg).Intraduodenal glucose infusion acutely increased IPPW frequency(P<0.001)and pyloric tone(P=0.015),and decreased antral wave frequency(P=0.007)in a dosedependent fashion.A threshold for stimulation was observed at 1.0 kcal/min for pyloric phasic pressure waves(P=0.002)and 1.5 kcal/min for pyloric tone and antral contractility.CONCLUSION:There is hierarchy for the activation of gastrointestinal motor responses to duodenal glucose infusion.An increase in IPPWs is the first response observed.

Evaluating mechanism and severity of injuries among trauma patients admitted to Sina Hospital,the National Trauma Registry of Iran

Purpose:Injuries are one of the leading causes of death and lead to a high social and financial burden.Injury patterns can vary significantly among different age groups and body regions.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mechanism of injury,patient comorbidities and severity of injuries.Methods:The study included trauma patients from July 2016 to June 2018,who were admitted to Sina Hospital,Tehran,Iran.The inclusion criteria were all injured patients who had at least one of the following:hospital length of stay more than 24 h,death in hospital,and transfer from the intensive care unit of another hospital.Data collection was performed using the National Trauma Registry of Iran minimum dataset.Results:The most common injury mechanism was road traffic injuries(49.0%),followed by falls(25.5%).The mean age of those who fell was significantly higher in comparison with other mechanisms(p<0.001).Severe extremity injuries occurred more often in the fall group than in the vehicle collision group(69.0%vs.43.5%,p<0.001).Moreover,cases of severe multiple trauma were higher amongst vehicle collisions than injuries caused by falls(27.8%vs.12.9%,p=0.003).Conclusion:Comparing falls with motor vehicle collisions,patients who fell were older and sustained more extremity injuries.Patients injured by motor vehicle collision were more likely to have sustained multiple trauma than those presenting with falls.Recognition of the relationship between mechanisms and consequences of injuries may lead to more effective interventions.

Global variation in skin injures and skincare practices in extremely preterm infants

Background Globally,are skincare practices and skin injuries in extremely preterm infants comparable?This study describes skin injuries,variation in skincare practices and investigates any association between them.Methods A web-based survey was conducted between February 2019 and August 2021.Quantifying skin injuries and describing skincare practices in extremely preterm infants were the main outcomes.The association between skin injuries and skincare practices was established using binary multivariable logistic regression adjusted for regions.Results Responses from 848 neonatal intensive care units,representing all geographic regions and income status groups were received.Diaper dermatitis(331/840,39%)and medical adhesive-related skin injuries(319/838,38%)were the most common injuries.Following a local skincare guideline reduced skin injuries[medical adhesive-related injuries:adjusted odds ratios(aOR)=0.63,95%confidence interval(CI)=0.45–0.88;perineal injuries:aOR=0.66,95%CI=0.45–0.96;local skin infections:OR=0.41,95%CI=0.26–0.65;chemical burns:OR=0.46,95%CI=0.26–0.83;thermal burns:OR=0.51,95%CI=0.27–0.96].Performing skin assessments at least every four hours reduced skin injuries(abrasion:aOR=0.48,95%CI=0.33–0.67;pressure:aOR=0.51,95%CI=0.34–0.78;diaper dermatitis:aOR=0.71,95%CI=0.51–0.99;perineal:aOR=0.52,95%CI=0.36–0.75).Regional and resource settings-based variations in skin injuries and skincare practices were observed.Conclusions Skin injuries were common in extremely preterm infants.Consistency in practice and improved surveillance appears to reduce the occurrence of these injuries.Better evidence regarding optimal practices is needed to reduce skin injuries and minimize practice variations.

转变观念 术后应用循序减压弹力袜预防深静脉血栓形成

临床医生应该多使用循序减压弹力袜。

B-Aware研究中术中知晓患者的创伤后应激障碍

背景术中知晓的长期影响差异巨大，部分患者没有任何长期影响，而另一些患者则可导致严重和持久的心理障碍。本研究比较了随机化B—Aware研究中，发生明确术中知晓患者与未发生明确术中知晓患者创伤后应激障碍（postlraumaticstressdisorder，PTSD）的发生率。方法我们采用配对群体设计，旨在随访发生明确术中知晓的13例患者。每1例发生术中知晓的患者均按年龄、性别、手术类型、手术日期及手术医院配比4例对照。以临床术后应激障碍评分对每1例术中知晓及对照患者进行面对面的访谈。结果本研究收集数据资料的时间从2006年6月到2007年3月，随访的中位数时间5．3年（范围4．3-5．7年）。其间发生明确术中知晓的13例患者中6例去世，7例患者中的5例（71％）与25例对照中的3例（12％）在随访时点表现符合PTSD的诊断标准（校正的比值比=13．3[95％的可信区间为1．4-650]，P=0．02）。症状出现时间中位数时间为术后14天（范围7-243天），症状持续时间的中位数为4．7年（范围4．4-5．6年）。结论PTSD在B-Aware研究中有明确术中知晓的患者中常见而且持久。全麻下应强化预防患者术中知晓的措施。