The ability to hit a target with precision and from a great distance has been reserved for the world’s superpowers. However, this resource is increasingly being threatened as drones with this long-range and precision...The ability to hit a target with precision and from a great distance has been reserved for the world’s superpowers. However, this resource is increasingly being threatened as drones with this long-range and precision capability are becoming more accessible to those who don’t have this strategic ability. This article starts with an analysis of the Iranian HESA Shahed 136 drone to discuss the latest innovations in low-cost long-range precision weapons, specifically the use of kamikaze drones and loitering munitions. This is an exploratory study that starts by discussing the notion of a kamikaze drone and then analyses the design options for the Shahed 136, to reflect on the future of this new type of weapon and its implications for the economic and political relationship between weapon and cost. The conclusion is that the HESA Shahed 136 revolutionizes the concept of precise long-range strikes, a function that until now was reserved for expensive and technologically demanding tactical missiles and aircraft, and which can now be carried out with cheap drones. This creates an arms race not only in producing the most technological and precise weaponry but also the least expensive.展开更多
A simple setup using a 365 nm LED coupled to a USB spectrometer through an optical fibre, in a front-face fluorescence configuration, was used to investigate the ability of fluorescence spectroscopy technique to discr...A simple setup using a 365 nm LED coupled to a USB spectrometer through an optical fibre, in a front-face fluorescence configuration, was used to investigate the ability of fluorescence spectroscopy technique to discriminate between varieties of olive oil. To achieve this task, Virgin Olive Oils (VOO) from two major Tunisian olive cultivars known as Chetoui and Chemlali were used. Spectral analysis showed a clear separation between these two VOO varieties. A one-way ANOVA attests that this discrimination is significant. The Principal Components Analyses (PCA) showed that the normalized fluorescence intensities are the good parameters for this discrimination. This observation strengthens the potential of our spectral parameters to perform reliable analysis.展开更多
文摘The ability to hit a target with precision and from a great distance has been reserved for the world’s superpowers. However, this resource is increasingly being threatened as drones with this long-range and precision capability are becoming more accessible to those who don’t have this strategic ability. This article starts with an analysis of the Iranian HESA Shahed 136 drone to discuss the latest innovations in low-cost long-range precision weapons, specifically the use of kamikaze drones and loitering munitions. This is an exploratory study that starts by discussing the notion of a kamikaze drone and then analyses the design options for the Shahed 136, to reflect on the future of this new type of weapon and its implications for the economic and political relationship between weapon and cost. The conclusion is that the HESA Shahed 136 revolutionizes the concept of precise long-range strikes, a function that until now was reserved for expensive and technologically demanding tactical missiles and aircraft, and which can now be carried out with cheap drones. This creates an arms race not only in producing the most technological and precise weaponry but also the least expensive.
文摘A simple setup using a 365 nm LED coupled to a USB spectrometer through an optical fibre, in a front-face fluorescence configuration, was used to investigate the ability of fluorescence spectroscopy technique to discriminate between varieties of olive oil. To achieve this task, Virgin Olive Oils (VOO) from two major Tunisian olive cultivars known as Chetoui and Chemlali were used. Spectral analysis showed a clear separation between these two VOO varieties. A one-way ANOVA attests that this discrimination is significant. The Principal Components Analyses (PCA) showed that the normalized fluorescence intensities are the good parameters for this discrimination. This observation strengthens the potential of our spectral parameters to perform reliable analysis.
