Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years. Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most ...Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years. Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth, pigments, lipid peroxidation, and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis, in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt （Co） and manganese （Mn）, especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress. In response to Co^2＋, lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control, as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn^2＋. Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner, depending on the metal assayed： after Co^2＋ treatments, total superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was irregular, although it was not significantly affected by Mn^2＋ exposure. Co^2＋ and Mn^2＋ stimulated the activities of catalase （CAT） and glutathione （GSH）, whereas, glutathione peroxidase （GPX） showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co^2＋ treatments and decreased gradually with Mn^2＋ concentration, up to 50 μmol/L, and then rose very rapidly, reaching to about 38.98% at 200 μmol/L Mn^2＋. These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced, to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.展开更多
There has not been life cycle assessment (LCA) software applicable to China's products. To faciliate the development of LCA software system in China, we built an object-oriented LCA software system plantform based...There has not been life cycle assessment (LCA) software applicable to China's products. To faciliate the development of LCA software system in China, we built an object-oriented LCA software system plantform based on LCA international standards ISO 14040 to ISO 14043 and the commonness of diverse products. The system includes six modules: disassembly module, data collection module, arithmetic module, drawing module, database module and control module. It evaluates all economic and environmental impacts during the whole life cycle of a product. The integrated life cycle inventory database system allows dynamic expansion, which makes the effort required for data collection reduce with the increase of the system's application. With the improvement of human environmental-awareness, the demand of environment-friendly products is increasing, and ecological design of products has become a critical part in products development. Consummation of the LCA software system will provide a powerful tool for designing and developing Chinese ecological products.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.95021301)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2005037121)Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(No.0401001C)
文摘Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years. Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth, pigments, lipid peroxidation, and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis, in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt （Co） and manganese （Mn）, especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress. In response to Co^2＋, lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control, as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn^2＋. Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner, depending on the metal assayed： after Co^2＋ treatments, total superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was irregular, although it was not significantly affected by Mn^2＋ exposure. Co^2＋ and Mn^2＋ stimulated the activities of catalase （CAT） and glutathione （GSH）, whereas, glutathione peroxidase （GPX） showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co^2＋ treatments and decreased gradually with Mn^2＋ concentration, up to 50 μmol/L, and then rose very rapidly, reaching to about 38.98% at 200 μmol/L Mn^2＋. These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced, to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.
文摘There has not been life cycle assessment (LCA) software applicable to China's products. To faciliate the development of LCA software system in China, we built an object-oriented LCA software system plantform based on LCA international standards ISO 14040 to ISO 14043 and the commonness of diverse products. The system includes six modules: disassembly module, data collection module, arithmetic module, drawing module, database module and control module. It evaluates all economic and environmental impacts during the whole life cycle of a product. The integrated life cycle inventory database system allows dynamic expansion, which makes the effort required for data collection reduce with the increase of the system's application. With the improvement of human environmental-awareness, the demand of environment-friendly products is increasing, and ecological design of products has become a critical part in products development. Consummation of the LCA software system will provide a powerful tool for designing and developing Chinese ecological products.
