旋转条件下U形通道转弯段形状对流动和传热特性的影响

In this paper,the flow and heat transfer characteristics in U-shaped channel with three different turn shapes are studied.The rotation number ranges from 0~0.251,Reynolds number are 11500,23000,34500,respectively.The results show that the flow separation and reattachment in the turning section are the key factors affecting the local heat transfer and pressure loss of U-shaped channel.The square turn will generate corner vortices at the outside of the turning section,and the size of the inner separation vortex and reattachment vortex is larger than that of the other two turn shapes.The existence of vortex system will increase the mixing and enhance heat transfer,but increase the pressure loss,so its relative Nusselt number and pressure loss are the largest.There are corner vortices on the outside of the turning section of the channel with a inner circle turn and outer square turn,but the arc-shaped inner edge makes its separation delay and the separation vortex decrease,and the size of the reattachment vortex also decreases.The arc shaped outer edge of the channel with circle turn in both inner and outer further inhibits the generation of corner vortices,so its relative Nusselt number and pressure loss are the lowest.Rotation will cause the fluid to deflect under the influence of Coriolis force,strengthen the heat transfer on the trailing surface of radial outflow and the leading surface of radial internal flow,and generate secondary flow and separation vortex in the turning section,resulting in the change of vortex structure in the turning section.With the increase of rotation number,the Nusselt number of the three types of turning section structures increases.The thermal performance factor of the three channels increases with the increase of rotating speed,and the channel with a inner circle turn and outer square turn is the highest,which is 9.6%higher than the channel with circle turn in both inner and outer on average,and 17.8%higher than the channel with square turn in both inner and outer.

Numerical investigation of the interaction between upstream cavity purge flow and main flow in low aspect ratio turbine cascade

In modern gas turbines, rim seal located between the stator-disc and rotor-disc is used to prevent hot-gas ingestion into the inner stage-gap of high pressure turbine. However, the purge flow supplied to the cavity through the rim seal interacts with the main flow, producing additional aerodynamic loss due to the mixing process which plays a significant role in the formation, development and evolution of downstream secondary flow. In this paper, a set of cascade representative of low aspect ratio turbine is selected to numerically investigate the influence of upstream cavity purge flow on the hub secondary flow structure and aerodynamic loss. Cascade with/without upstream cavity and four different purge mass flow rates are all taken into account in this simulation. Then, a deep insight into the loss mechanism of interaction between purge flow and main flow is gained. The results show that the presence of cavity and purge flow has a significant impact on the main flow which not only changes the vortex structure in both the passage and upstream cavity, but also alters the cascade exit flow angle distribution along the spanwise. Moreover, aerodynamic loss in the cascade rises with the increase of purge flow rate while the sealing effect is also enhanced. Therefore, the effect of upstream cavity purge flow must be considered in the process of turbine aerodynamic design. What is more, it is necessary to minimize the purge flow rate in order to reduce aerodynamic loss on the premise of satisfying cooling requirements.

Experimental study of entrainment phenomenon in a trapped vortex combustor

Trapped vortex combustor （TVC） is an advanced low-pollution gas turbine combustor, with the adoption of staged combustion technique. To achieve low-pollutant emission and better combustion performance, the proportion of the air flow in each combustion zone should be precisely determined in the design of the combustor. Due to the presence of entrainment phenomenon, the total air flow in the cavity zone is difficult to estimate. To overcome the measurement difficulty, this study adopts the indirect measurement approach in the experimental research of entrainment phenomenon in the cavity. In accordance with the measurement principle, a TVC model fueled by methane is designed. Under two experimental conditions, i.e. with and without direct air intake in the cavity, the influence of the mainstream air flow velocity, the air intake velocity in the cavity, the height of inlet channel, the structure of holder and the structural proportion of the cavity on entrainment in the cavity is studied, respectively, through experiment at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The results suggest that the air flow velocity of mainstream, the air intake velocity of the cavity and the structure of the holder exert significant influence on the air entrainment, while the influence of structural proportion of the cavity is comparatively insignificant. The square root of momentum ratio of cavity air to mainstream air could be used to analyze the correlation of the entrainment data.

Development of secondary flow field under rotating condition in a straight channel with square cross-section

The developing secondary flow fields in the entrance section of a rotating straight channel were experimentally investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry（PIV）. The effects of streamwise position, Reynolds number and rotation number on the development of the secondary flow fields were revealed. The results show that the absolute values of vorticity flux of the trailing side roll cells increase with increasing radius of the measured plane and rotation number. When the absolute value of vorticity flux exceeds a critical value, the merging of the trailing side roll cells appears. Moreover, when the number of the trailing side vortex pairs is even, the absolute values of vorticity flux of the leading side vortices increase along streamwise direction. Otherwise, the absolute values decrease along the streamwise direction. By the circulation analysis, this phenomenon was found to have relationship with the merging of the trailing side roll cells, and further concluded that the secondary flow field in a rotating channel has to be treated as a whole. At last,the increase of the Reynolds number was found to be able to induce the merging position moves upstream.

Experimental Investigation of the Secondary Flow in a Rotating Smooth Channel Subjected to Thermal Boundary Conditions

In the current study,thermal boundary conditions are considered in a rotating smooth channel with a square cross-section to investigate the secondary flow and compare it to that of the same channel without heating.The measurement is conducted at three streamwise planes(X=445 mm,525 mm,605 mm).The flow parameters are the Reynolds number(Re=4750,which was based on the average longitudinal or primary velocity U and the hydraulic diameter D of the channel cross-section),the rotation number(Ro=?D/U,where?is the rotational velocity,ranging from 0 to 0.26),and the aspect ratio of the channel cross-section(AR=1,which is calculated by dividing the channel height by the channel width).The leading and trailing walls are heated under a constant heat flux qw=380 W/m^2,and the top and bottom walls are isothermal at room temperature.This work is in a series with our previous work without thermal boundary conditions.Based on the experimental data,we obtained a four-vortex regime.There is a counter-rotating vortex pair near the leading side and the trailing side.Because the leading and trailing walls are heated,the buoyancy force increases the relative vertical position of the vortex pair near the trailing side from 5%to 12.5%of the hydraulic diameter.When moving upstream along the streamwise direction,the upper vortex near the trailing wall becomes weaker,whereas the lower vortex becomes stronger.As the rotational speed increases,the vortex pair near the trailing side is inhibited by the Coriolis force.Under heated thermal boundary conditions,the vortex pair near the trailing side reappears due to the effect of buoyancy force.These results indicate that the buoyancy force has a substantial effect on the secondary flow regime under thermal boundary conditions.