Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Sodium Monosulfuron (N-(4-Methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N'-2-(nitrophenylsulfonyl) Urea Sodium)

Monosulfuron is a novel sulfonylurea herbicide with ultra-low dosage invented and patented by Nankai University. Herein its sodium salt was firstly synthesized and crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. The title compound belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1^- with a = 7.306（6）, b = 9.446（8）, c = 11.872（10）A, α = 76.578（14）, β = 78.049（13）, γ = 77.620（14）°, V = 767.7（11）A^3, Mr = 377.32, Z = 2, Dc = 1.632 g/cm^3,μ= 0.283 mm^-1, F（000） = 388, R = 0.0444 and wR = 0.1186. In the title compound, Na（1） coordinates with 0（4） and 0（5） from one monosulfuron molecule, N（4A） and O（5A） from the other monosulfuron molecule and the oxygen atom from H2O to give five coordination bonds. The title complex is further linked into a three-dimensional structure through π…π interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Insecticidal Activities of Novel Neonicotinoid Derivatives

Ten new N-oxalyl derivatives of neonicotinoid compound were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by ^1H NMR spectra, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The preliminary insecticidal activities of the new compounds were evaluated. The results of bioassays indicate that the title Compounds exhibit moderate insecticidal activities. Surprisingly, the insecticidal activity of compound 7b against bean aphids at 200 mg/kg is 100%, which is comoarable to that of the commercialized imidacloprid.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of 2-Chloro-N-{2-fluoro-5-[N-(phenylsulfonyl) phenyl-sulfonamido]phenyl}benzamide

2-Chloro-N-{2-fluoro-5-[N-（phenylsulfonyl）phenylsulfonamido]phenyl}benzamide was synthesized and its crystal structure was also determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The title compound（C25H18ClFN2O5S2） belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a=0.7377（3） nm, b=1.2036（5） nm, c=2.6846（11） nm, β=90.895（9）°, V=2.3833（16） nm3, Mr=544.98, Z=4, Dc=1.519 g/cm3, μ=0.385 mm–1, F（000）=1120, R1=0.0632, and wR2=0.1438. Its crystal structure belongs to a novel class that has not been reported yet, and its preliminary herbicidal activity was also tested. Its inhibition rate to seedling growth of barnyard grass reaches 15.1% at 100 μg/mL.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel 2,3-Dihydro-2-phenylsulfonylhydrazono-3-(2′,3′,4′,6′-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)thiazoles

A series of novel 2,3-dihydro-2-phenylsulfonylhydrazono-3-（2＇,3＇,4＇,6＇-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl）thiazoles were designed and synthesized via the reaction of thiosemicarbazide with chloroaldehyde. Their chemical structures were characterized by ^1H and ^13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The bioassay results indicate that some of these compounds exhibit moderate fungicidal and herbicidal activities.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of (S)-Methyl 2-(4-R-phenylsulfonamido)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate (R=H(1)and Cl (2))

The title compounds （S）-methyl-2-（4-R-phenylsulfonamido）-3-（1H-indol-3- yl）propanoate （R = H （1）, Cl （2）） have been synthesized and their crystal structures also have been determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compound 1 （C18H18N2O4S） belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 9.6348（14）, b = 11.1517（17）, c = 16.412（3） A, V = 1763.4（5） A^3, Mr = 358.40, Z = 4, De = 1.350 g/cm^3,/t = 0.209 mm^-1, F（000） = 752, R = 0.0348 and wR = 0.0714. Compound 2 （CI8H17ClN2O4S） crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 9.3128（14）, b = 10.9655（16）, c = 17.783（3） A, V = 1815.9（5） A^3, Mr = 392.85, Z = 4, De = 1.437 g/cm^3, p = 0.352 mm^-1, F（000） = 816, R = 0.0389 and wR = 0.0845. The absolute structure Flack parameters X of compounds 1 and 2 are -0.03（8） and -0.06（7）, respectively. X-ray analysis reveals that the crystal structures of these two compounds both involve two intermolecular N-H…O hydrogen bond＇s.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Sodium Monosulfuron-ester (N-[2'-(4-Methyl)pyrimidinyl]-2-carbomethoxy Benzyl Sulfonylurea Sodium)

Monosulfuron-ester is a novel sulfonylurea herbicide with ultra-low dosage Herein sodium monosulfuron-ester was synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. The title compound belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 9.335（5）, b = 20.632（12）, c = 13.853（8） A, β = 107.193（9）°, Mr = 487.46, Z = 4, Dc = 1.270 g/cm^3, μ = 0.293 mm^-1, F（000） = 1015, R = 0.0859 and wR = 0.2633. In the title compound, Na coordinates with N（1）, O（1） and O（3） from one monosulfuron-ester molecule, N（4A） and O（5A） from the other monosulfuron-ester molecule and one oxygen atom from DMSO to give six coordination bonds.

Pesticide residue elimination for fruits and vegetables:the mechanisms,applications,and future trends of thermal and non-thermal technologies

Pesticide residues on food are threatening human health and wellbeing,ecological security.Food processing is one of the necessary ways to eliminate residues to guarantee the safety and sustainable development of the environment.This review outlines the mechanisms,applications,and factors influencing the efficiency as well as their limitations of pesticide residue elimination technologies.Conventional thermal processing technologies like drying,blanching,baking,and roasting have been proved to reduce pesticides extensively whereas sometimes concentration effects occur,and more toxic metabolites or by-products are generated.Additionally,the negative effects on quality attributes of fruits and vegetables(F&V)should be considered.Several innovative non-thermal processing technologies like ultrasound,cold plasma,high-pressure processing,and pulsed electric fields have flourished currently,which show great ability to eliminate pesticide residues significantly with minimal impact on the quality of F&V.In particular,heat-sensitive nutrients like ascorbic acid,phenolics,and carotenoids would retain to a great extent.Similarly,these technologies have their limitations.Furthermore,there is much information about combined processing technology affecting the pesticide behaviors of F&V.Finally,the future developments for pesticide elimination of these technologies are identified and discussed.

Development of a Universal RNA Dual-Terminal Labeling Method for Sensing RNA-Ligand Interactions

Dual labeling of an RNA can provide Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)sensors for studying RNA folding,miRNA maturation,and RNA-protein interactions.Here,we report the development of a highly efficient strategy for direct dual-terminal labeling of any RNA of interest.We explored new Michael cycloaddition for facile labeling of 5′-terminal RNA with improved efficiency.Direct chemical tetrazinylation of RNA at the 3′-terminus was achieved with the highly efficient and catalysis-free tetrazine-cycloalkyne ligation.Both single-terminal labeling methods were combined for dual-terminal labeling of an RNA including short hairpin RNA,pre-miRNA,riboswitch,and noncoding RNA.Notably,these dual-labeled RNA-based FRET sensors were used to monitor RNA-ligand interactions in vitro and in live cells.It is anticipated that these universal RNA labeling strategies will be useful to study RNA structures and functions.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Benzoyl Hydrazines Containing Pyrazole

In search of environmentally benign compounds with high biological activity, low toxicity and low resistance, 8 novel benzoyl hydrazines containing pyrazole were designed and synthesized. All compounds were characterized by I H NMR spectra and HRMS. The preliminary results of biological activity assessment indicated that most of title compounds exhibited certain insecticidal activities against M）,thimna separata Walker at 200 mg L-1 but excellent fungicidal activities against six fungus at 50 mg L-1, which were better than the control.

First identification of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel inhibitors of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1： Chemical synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular simulation

New Delhi metallo-b-lactmase-1（NDM-1） catalyzes the hydrolysis of b-lactam antibiotics and cleaves the b-lactam ring of the molecule, conferring bacterial resistance against these medicines. In an effort to discover novel agents to treat this superbug, an old drug methisazone was found to be a weak NDM-1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 297.6 mmol/L. Based on this result, a series of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones（IBTs）were synthesized and biologically evaluated as novel NDM-1 inhibitors. Nine of the IBT compounds showed IC50 values of 〈10 mmol/L, the best of which was 2.72 mmol/L. Comparative field analysis（Co MFA） contour maps were generated to depict the structural features and molecular docking was performed to understand the possible binding mode of these inhibitors. The present research hereby has provided valuable information for further discovery of NDM-1 inhibitors.

Design, synthesis and systematic evaluation of all possible cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) that activate human stimulator of interferon genes (STING) variants

Cyclic dinucleotides(CDNs) are known to activate stimulator of interferon genes(STING) and induce type I interferon responses, therefor possess great potentials to be of immunotherapeutic value for cancers and infectious diseases. However, the existence of different single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of human STING(hSTING) gene poses an obstacle to achieve broad-spectrum activation by CDNs. We reported here the design and synthesis of a total of 36 CDNs, representing all structural variations, that contain four bases(A, G, C, U) and two linkage directions(2′-5′-linked and 3′-5′-linked phosphodiester).Through systematic evaluation of IFN-β induction with a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we discovered that wild type hSTING and two isoforms(HAQ and AQ) showed strong response while hSTING-R232 H and R293 Q exhibited the relatively weak response to CDNs stimulation. For the first time, we found that the c[G(2′,5′)U(2′,5′)] showed excellent activity against all five hSTING variants even equivalent to the endogenous ligand c[G(2′,5′)A(3′,5′)]. Furthermore, we have also demonstrated that 3′-3′CDNs with two 3′-5′ phosphodiesters showed higher serum and hydrolase stability than 2′-2′ CDNs with two 2′-5′ phosphodiesters and 2′-3′ CDNs with one 2′-5′ and one 3′-5′ phosphodiester. It is very interesting to note that 2′-2′ CDNs has been found for the first time to show strong activity. These findings will stimulate our exploration for the new functional role of CDNs, and provide guidelines to design CDNs based hSTING targeted drugs.

RHBDF1 promotes AP-1-activated endothelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor fibrotic stroma formation

Dear Editor,There is a growing body of evidence that the human rhomboid family-1 gene(RHBDF1)plays an important role in the modulation of tumor inflammatory(Supplementary Fig.la)and hypoxic microenvironment.

Study on the Molecular Recognition of α,α,α,β-ZnT（o-BocThr）APP toward Imidazole Derivatives and Amino Acid Esters

Molecular Recognition of α,α,α,β-ZnT（o-BocThr）APP （1） toward a series of imidazole derivatives and amino acid esters was investigated. Association constants were determined in chloroform by means of UV-Vis titration method. The association constants of 1 with imidazole derivatives are larger than those of 1 with amino acid esters. 1H NMR spectra were investigated to describe the binding mode of the recognition system, showing that all the protons of the guests were shifted to upfield. The circular dichroism spectra of 1-L-/D-ValOMe showed a split cotton effect in Soret region, while those of 1-L-/D-PheOMe showed no split cotton effect. Molecular modeling was performed to understand chiral recognition on a molecular level. Quantum chemical calculation was carried out based on the stable conformations of these recognition systems, which gave a reasonable explanation for the behavior of molecular recognition. The results indicated that the conformation of 1-D-ValOMe was more stable than that of 1-L-ValOMe.