A safety evaluation of profound hypothermia-induced suspended animation for delayed resuscitation at 90 or 120min

Background: The successful treatment of military combat casualties with penetrating injuries is significantly dependent on the time needed to get the patient to an adequate treatment facility. Profound hypothermia induced suspended animation for delayed resuscitation(SADR) is a novel approach for inducing cardiac arrest and buying additional time for such injuries. However, the time used to safely administer circulatory arrest(CA) is controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety of hypothermia-induced SADR over 90 and 120 min time intervals.Methods: Sixteen male BAMA minipigs were randomized into two groups: CA90 group(90 min, n =8) and CA120 group(120 min, n =8). Cannulation of the right common carotid arteries and internal jugular veins was performed to establish cardiopulmonary bypass for each animal. Through the perfusion of cold organ preservation solution(OPS), cardioplegia and profound hypothermia(15℃) were induced. After CA, cardiopumonary bypass(CPB) was restarted, and the animals were gradually re-warmed and resuscitated. The animals were assisted with ventilators until spontaneous breathing was achieved. The index of hemodynamic perioperative serum chemistry values [alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatinine(CR), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and troponin T(TnT)] and survival were observed from pre-operation to 7 days post-operation.Results: Fifteen animals were enrolled in the experiment, while 1 animal in CA120 group died from surgical error. All 8 animals in CA90 group recovered, with only 1 animal displaying mild disability. However, in CA120 group, only 2 animals survived with severe disability, and the other 5 animals died after 2 days post-operation. In CA90 group, the perioperative serum chemistry values increased at 1 day post-operation(ALT 84.43±18.65 U/L; AST 88.99±23.19 U/L; Cr 87.90±24.49μmol/L; LDH 1894.13±322.26 U/L; TnT 0.849±0.135 ng/ml) but decreased to normal or almost normal levels at 7 days post-operation(ALT 52.48±9.04 U/L; AST 75.23±21.46 U/L; Cr 82.69±18.41μmol/L; LDH 944.67±834.32 U/L; TnT 0.336±0.076 ng/ml).Conclusion: Profound hypothermia-induced SADR is an effective method for inducing cardiac arrest. Our results indicate that inducing CA for 90 min(at 15℃) is safer than doing so for 120 min. Our results indicate that 120 min of CA at 15℃ is dangerous and can result in high mortality and severe neurological complications. Further experimentation is needed to determine whether 120 min of CA at temperatures lower than 15℃ can lead to safe recovery.

CHINA'S METHODS AND LEGAL JUSTIFICATION FOR RESOLVING THE CONFLICT REGARDING NATIONALITIES:FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAL PRACTICES INVOLVING EXIT AND ENTRY ADMINISTRATION IN CHINA

The Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China was enacted in 1980. It denies Chinese citizens the right to have dual citizenship,which embodies the spirit of international law. Although there have been a series of mechanisms and methods for dealing with the conflicts with nationalities,Chinese entry and exit administration organs generally fail to eliminate the increasing number of Chinese citizens with dual nationalities. By examining and researching the history,current situations,and conflicts with nationalities in China,mainly from the perspective of the entry and exit administration branches affiliated with the public security organs,this paper analyzes and evaluates the mechanisms and methods with which China resolves the conflicts with dual citizenship,as well as the force of Chinese law and international law.

NIR-induced highly sensitive detection of latent finger- marks by NaYF4：Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles in a dry powder state

The most commonly found fingermarks at crime scenes are latent and, thus, an efficient method for detecting latent fingermarks is very important. However, traditional developing techniques have drawbacks such as low detection sensitivity, high background interference, complicated operation, and high toxicity. To tackle this challenge, we employed fluorescent NaYF4：Yb, Er upconversion nanoparticles （UCNPs）, which can fluoresce visible light when excited by 980 nm human-safe near-infrared light, to stain the latent fingermarks on various substrate surfaces. The UCNPs were successfully used as a novel fluorescent label for the detection of latent fingermarks with high sensitivity, low background, high efficiency, and low toxicity on various substrates including non-infiltrating materials （glass, marble, aluminum alloy sheets, stainless steel sheets, aluminum foils, and plastic cards）, semi-infiltrating materials （floor leathers, ceramic tiles, wood floor, and painted wood）, and infiltrating materials such as various types of papers. This work shows that UCNPs are a versatile fluorescent label for the facile detection of fingermarks on virtually any material, enabling their practical applications in forensic sciences.

Estimation of Postmortem Interval Using the Radiological Techniques,Computed Tomography:A Pilot Study

Estimation of postmortem interval(PMI)has been an important and difficult subject in the forensic study.It is a primary task of forensic work,and it can help guide the work in field investigation.With the development of computed tomography(CT)technology,CT imaging techniques are now being more frequently applied to the field of forensic medicine.This study used CT imaging techniques to observe area changes in different tissues and organs of rabbits after death and the changing pattern of the average CT values in the organs.The study analyzed the relationship between the CT values of different organs and PMI with the imaging software Max Viewer and obtained multiparameter nonlinear regression equation of the different organs,and the study provided an objective and accurate method and reference information for the estimation of PMI in the forensic medicine.In forensic science,PMI refers to the time interval between the discovery or inspection of corpse and the time of death.CT,magnetic resonance imaging,and other imaging techniques have become important means of clinical examinations over the years.Although some scholars in our country have used modem radiological techniques in various fields of forensic science,such as estimation of injury time,personal identification of bodies,analysis of the cause of death,determination of the causes of injury,and identification of the foreign substances of bodies,there are only a few studies on the estimation of time of death.We detected the process of subtle changes in adult rabbits after death,the shape and size of tissues and organs,and the relationship between adjacent organs in three-dimensional space in an efiort to develop new method for the estimation of PMI.The bodies of the dead rabbits were stored at 20℃ room temperature,sealed condition,and prevented exposure to flesh flies.The dead rabbits were randomly divided into comparison group and experimental group.The whole-body CT scans were performed on the experimental group of rabbits at different PMIs.NeuViz dual-slice spiral CT scanner(made by Neusoft Medical in China,2 mm×10 mm high-speed rare earth ceramic detector)is a 360°scan that could obtain two images,capable of providing a wide range of high-speed continuous spiral scan.Max Viewer(Version:1.0.0131,Neusoft,Shenyang,China)is a CT image viewing software developed by Neusoft Medical.The software can be used to view and process images in various common methods and to measure a number of parameters,such as length,area,angle,and CT values.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS1 Statistics 19.0(SPSS,Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA).AP<0.05 was considered statistically significant.We obtained the binomial regression equation of the CT values and the related coefficient(R^(2)).In the future,we suggests that comprehensive analyses of various indicators of different organs could establish a diversified pattern to remedy the deficiencies and make the study of PMI estimation more scientific and enhance the operability.

Forensic Automatic Speaker Recognition Based on Likelihood Ratio Using Acoustic-phonetic Features Measured Automatically

Forensic speaker recognition is experiencing a remarkable paradigm shift in terms of the evaluation framework and presentation of voice evidence.This paper proposes a new method of forensic automatic speaker recognition using the likelihood ratio framework to quantify the strength of voice evidence.The proposed method uses a reference database to calculate the within-and between-speaker variability.Some acoustic-phonetic features are extracted automatically using the software VbiceSauce.The effectiveness of the approach was tested using two Mandarin databases:A mobile telephone database and a landline database.The experimenfs results indicate that these acoustic-phonetic features do have some discriminating potential and are worth trying in discrimination.The automatic acoustic-phonetic features have acceptable discriminative performance and can provide more reliable results in evidence analysis when fused with other kind of voice features.