Toward Establishing a Low-cost UAV Coordinated Carbon Observation Network(LUCCN):First Integrated Campaign in China

In this study,we introduce our newly developed measurement-fed-perception self-adaption Low-cost UAV Coordinated Carbon Observation Network(LUCCN)prototype.The LUCCN primarily consists of two categories of instruments,including ground-based and UAV-based in-situ measurement.We use the GMP343,a low-cost non-dispersive infrared sensor,in both ground-based and UAV-based instruments.The first integrated measurement campaign took place in Shenzhen,China,4 May 2023.During the campaign,we found that LUCCN’s UAV component presented significant data-collecting advantages over its ground-based counterpart owing to the relatively high altitudes of the point emission sources,which was especially obvious at a gas power plant in Shenzhen.The emission flux was calculated by a crosssectional flux(CSF)method,the results of which differed from the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide(ODIAC).The CSF result was slightly larger than others because of the low sampling rate of the whole emission cross section.The LUCCN system will be applied in future carbon monitoring campaigns to increase the spatiotemporal coverage of carbon emission information,especially in scenarios involving the detection of smaller-scale,rapidly varying sources and sinks.

Post-disaster spatial reconstruction from the perspective of a rural settlement niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River

Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction provide an effective way to reduce the disaster vulnerability of, and promote leapfrog development in, an affected area. To date, studies that have used administrative boundaries to investigate the reconstruction of settlement space have not been able to clearly define the real boundaries of land use changes or quantify the degree of response to the ‘Build-Back-Better’ initiative, and have lacked any consideration of the fourth reconstruction stage–development period(10 years). This study constructed a mountain settlement niche and analyzed the characteristics, spatial reconstruction, and drivers of rural settlements during 2009–2019 in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. The results showed the following:(1) Natural factors were the basis for the formation and development of mountain settlement niches. The scale of the settlement niche and its land use structure depended on the physical geography features and the ethnic farming and grazing traditions. The settlement niche provided a realistic boundary for the spatial reconstruction.(2) The layout of residential land around cropland was the common feature of the mountain settlement niche. Of all the land use types, the roads and rural residential lands showed the most change over the 10 years;13,860 residential patches increased in size and 4,742 patches were abandoned.(3) The area of orchards, planted to reconstruct the economy in the mountains, increased by nearly 2.5 times.(4) Collapses, landslides, and debris flow disasters and the ecological red line influenced the spatial reconstruction. While the main focus of post-disaster recovery is spatial reconstruction, initiatives should include economic and spiritual recovery, and should also achieve sustainable development of the region.

Construction of BDS Spatiotemporal Information Agricultural Product Digital Credit System

Spatiotemporal information,positioning and navigation services have become important elements of new type infrastructure.The rapid development of global digital trade provides a large-scale application scenario for the use of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)spatiotemporal information to support the certification of origin of agricultural products.The BDS spatiotemporal information agricultural product digital credit system uses such modules as BDS,spatiotemporal information collection,spatiotemporal coding,and spatiotemporal blockchain.It incorporates multi-level joint supervision mechanisms such as government,associations,and users.Starting from the initial production link of agricultural products,it realizes the correspondence and locking of online and offline products,effectively improves the integrity and credibility of information in the production process,finished product quality and circulation process of products,effectively manages the green production and anti-channel conflicts of producers,and provides credible information for consumers,thus realizing the digital credit certification of products.The successful practice of characteristic agricultural products in Yunnan Province has verified the application ability of the BDS spatiotemporal information agricultural product digital credit system.This system has played a significant role in promoting the online and offline locking,credible information,effective supervision and high quality and high price of characteristic agricultural products from the field.The BDS provides services for global digital trade and contributes to the further enhancement of the global application scale of GNSS.

Changes and spatial patterns of eco-environment in the farming-pastoral region of northern China

This paper firstly selects 10 kinds of indexes to reflect eco-environment background condition and builds the multi-subject spatial database by using ground meteorological data, remote sensing data and DEM. It then discusses in detail the methods about evaluating eco-environment background condition and analyzing eco-environment change. The eco-environment background conditions of 1989 and 1999 are synthetically appraised. Finally, the paper analyzes the spatial distribution, quantitative change, the trend of change, the areas of change and the dynamic spatial pattern of eco-environment. The results are as follows： （1） The eco-environment background condition becomes worse from southeast to northwest in the fanning-pastoral region of northern China. （2） The eco-environment background condition deteriorates from 1989 to 1999. （3） In the adjacent areas of Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia-Gansu-Ningxia, Horqin Sandy Land and its peripheries, and eastern Qinghai orovince, eco-environmental deterioration is very serious.

THE APPLICATION OF SATELLITE POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS INDUSTRIALIZATION IN CHINA

Satellite positioning technology has been widely used in all kinds of military and civil land, marine, space and aeronautical target positioning tasks, naviga tion activities and accurate surveying measurements since 90 s in the last cen tury due to its advantage in providing all-weather, real-time, three dimensional and high precision positioning information, as well as speed and accurate timing information. By now, it has already formed a new hi-tech industry basically.This paper briefly reviews the development of the global satellite positioning and navigation technologies including the basic information of China's "Plough navigation system", introduces the history of satellite positioning technology and its major application fields as well as the status quo of this being industri alized trade in China, gives an account of the writers' vision for the application and prospect of the satellite positioning technologies in China, and approaches the tactics and stresses of the satellite positioning technology's application and its industrialization future in China.

Optimal combination of the correction model and parameters for the precision geometric correction of UAV hyperspectral images

Nowadays,with the rapid development of quantitative remote sensing represented by high-resolution UAV hyperspectral remote sensing observation technology,people have put forward higher requirements for the rapid preprocessing and geometric correction accuracy of hyperspectral images.The optimal geometric correction model and parameter combination of UAV hyperspectral images need to be determined to reduce unnecessary waste of time in the preprocessing and provide high-precision data support for the application of UAV hyperspectral images.In this study,the geometric correction accuracy under various geometric correction models(including affine transformation model,local triangulation model,polynomial model,direct linear transformation model,and rational function model)and resampling methods(including nearest neighbor resampling method,bilinear interpolation resampling method,and cubic convolution resampling method)were analyzed.Furthermore,the distribution,number,and accuracy of control points were analyzed based on the control variable method,and precise ground control points(GCPs)were analyzed.The results showed that the average geometric positioning error of UAV hyperspectral images(at 80 m altitude AGL)without geometric correction was as high as 3.4041 m(about 65 pixels).The optimal geometric correction model and parameter combination of the UAV hyperspectral image(at 80 m altitude AGL)used a local triangulation model,adopted a bilinear interpolation resampling method,and selected 12 edgemiddle distributed GCPs.The correction accuracy could reach 0.0493 m(less than one pixel).This study provides a reference for the geometric correction of UAV hyperspectral images.

Application of Ordinary Kriging in Mapping Soil Organic Carbon in Zambia

The quantification of the pattern and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon(SOC) is fundamental to understand many ecosystem processes. This study aimed to apply ordinary kriging(OK) to model the spatial distribution of SOC in a selected part of Zambia. A total of 100 soil samples were collected from the study area and analyzed for SOC by determining soil oxidizable carbon using the Walkley-Black method. An automated fitting procedure was followed when modeling the spatial structure of the SOC data with the exponential semivariogram. The results indicated that the short range spatial dependence of SOC was strong with a nugget close to zero. The spatial autocorrelation was high to medium with a nugget to sill ratio of 0.25. The root mean square error of the predictions was 0.64, which represented 58.18% of the mean observed data for SOC. It can be concluded that the generated map could serve as a proxy for SOC in the region where evidence of spatial structure and quantitative estimates of uncertainty are reported.Therefore, the maps produced can be used as guides for various uses including optimization of soil sampling.

Monitoring paddy rice phenology using time series MODIS data over Jiangxi Province,China

Paddy rice is one of the most important crops in the world.Accurate estimation and monitoring of paddy rice phenology is necessary for management and yield prediction.Remotely sensed time-series data are essential for estimation of crop phenology stages across large areas.Here,the paddy rice phenological stages(i.e.,transplanting,tillering,heading,and harvesting)were detected in Jiangxi Province,China.A comparison study was conducted using ground observation data from 10 agricultural meteorological stations,collected between 2006 and 2008.The phenological stages were detected using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)time-series enhanced vegetation index(EVI)data.Savitzky-Golay filter and wavelet transform were used to reduce the noise in the time-series EVI data and reconstruct the smoothed EVI time-series profile.Key phenological stages of double-cropping rice were detected using the characteristics of the smoothed EVI profile.The root mean square errors(RMSEs)for each stage were ±10 days around the ground observation data.The results suggest that Savitzky-Golay filter and wavelet transform are promising approaches for reconstructing high-quality EVI time-series data.Moreover,the phenological stages of double-cropping rice could be detected using time-series MODIS EVI data smoothed by Savitzky-Golay filter and wavelet transform.

Design of a Hardware/Software FPGA-Based Driver System for a Large Area High Resolution CCD Image Sensor

可编程的门数组(FPGA ) 基于的硬件 / 软件域驱动程序系统被建议并且高为 KAF-39000 大区域证明分辨率充电联合了设备(电荷耦合器件) 。KAF-39000 司机系统的要求被分析。有特定的集成电路(ASIC ) 削的申请的微处理器的结构被实现设计驱动程序系统。系统测试结果证明成像类似物数据的双隧道与 0.87 frame/s 的框架率被获得。分别地，水平预定并且垂直预定的频率是 22.9 MHz 和 28.7 kHz 它几乎分别地到达了 24 MHz 和 30 kHz 的理论价值。

基于大数据的全球城市扩展与土地覆盖动态遥感制图

Humans deeply influence the urbanizing of earth’s surface system in an exacerbating manner across space and time[1].Around the globe,urban land-use/cover changes reflect the intensities of human activities and land shifts from nature or semi-nature lands to man-made–dominated surfaces[2].

Numerical simulation and data assimilation of the water-energy cycle over semiarid northeastern China

The default fractional vegetation cover and terrain height were replaced by the estimated fractional vegetation cover, which was calculated by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) of Earth Observing System Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(EOS-MODIS) and the Digital Elevation Model of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM) system. The near-surface meteorological elements over northeastern China were assimilated into the three-dimensional variational data assimilation system(3DVar) module in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model. The structure and daily variations of air temperature, humidity, wind and energy fields over northeastern China were simulated using the WRF model. Four groups of numerical experiments were performed, and the simulation results were analyzed of latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, and their relationships with changes in the surface energy flux due to soil moisture and precipitation over different surfaces. The simulations were compared with observations of the stations Tongyu, Naiman, Jinzhou, and Miyun from June to August, 2009. The results showed that the WRF model achieves high-quality simulations of the diurnal characteristics of the surface layer temperature, wind direction, net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux over semiarid northeastern China in the summer. The simulated near-surface temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were improved in the data assimilation case(Case 2) compared with control case(Case 1). The simulated sensible heat fluxes and surface heat fluxes were improved by the land surface parameterization case(Case 3) and the combined case(Case 4). The simulated temporal variations in soil moisture over the northeastern arid areas agree well with observations in Case 4, but the simulated precipitation should be improved in the WRF model. This study could improve the land surface parameters by utilizing remote sensing data and could further improve atmospheric elements with a data assimilation system. This work provides an effective attempt at combining multi-source data with different spatial and temporal scales into numerical simulations. The assimilation datasets generated by this work can be applied to research on climate change and environmental monitoring of arid lands, as well as research on the formation and stability of climate over semiarid areas.

The Medicinal Flora of Sambalpur District,Orissa,India

This paper describes an analysis of the plants of Sambalpur district of Orissa,India which have been used medicinally by local people. The families having medicinal values are analysed using Moerman's method of regression analysis. There were 136 plant families recorded from the study area. The analysis of families showed that the Euphorbiaceae family being used most ethnomedicinally by the local people in Sambalpur district of Orissa,whereas Poaceae is used least one. This type of study determines the degree of importance of plant families in the medicinal flora of the region.

Approach and practice: integrating earth observation resources for data sharing in China GEOSS

Earth observation data sharing is an essential part of the data lifecycle and plays a critical role in Earth science research.Existing industry data sharing systems are affected by restrictions in distributed resource management and tightly coupled service interoperability.These systems currently offer no support for facilitating cross-disciplinary exploration and application.The lack of a national data sharing infrastructure has led to reduced international cooperation.These barriers are common and have hindered the development of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems(GEOSS).The China GEOSS Data Sharing Network(China GEOSS DSNet)has been proposed as a part of China’s Plan for Implementing GEOSS(2016–2025)to address the above issues.In this research,we designed a national GEOSS data sharing framework,including resource integration mechanism,sharing-oriented metadata standards,and lightweight interoperability service to coordinate various Earth observation resources.So far,more than 29 million archived satellite metadata records and 200 TB of high-quality satellite datasets have been integrated under this framework.The results were demonstrated in the following applications:domestic satellite archived metadata query service,international Earth observation resource sharing service,and disaster emergency response service.