Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Two SMV-Resistance Traits in Soybean:Adult-Plant Resistance and Resistance to Seed Coat Mottling

Soybean mosaic virus （SMV） could lead to adult-plant system diseases, and cause mottling of soybean seeds. Genetic analysis and molecular mapping were conducted using an F2 population and derived F3 families from two crosses of Dongnong 3C624 （susceptible）x Dongnong 8143 （resistant） and Dongnong 3C628 （susceptible）× Tie 6915 （resistant）. Simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers with bulked segregation analysis （BSA） were used to conduct genetic mapping of the resistance to SMV1 in the segregating populations. The results indicated that resistance to SMV1 in adultplants and the resistance to seed coat mottling in Dongnong 8143 and Tie 6915 was separately controlled by one single dominant gene. The two dominant genes were identified to be linked on the MLG F by Mendel＇s genetics and SSR genetic mapping. The order and distance of markers DPRSMV1 and DSRSMV1 were Sat 229-6.9 cM-DSRSMV1-4.6 cM-Sat_317-3.6 cM-DPRSMV1-5.2 cM-Satt335. The order and distance of markers TPRSMV1 and TSRSMV1 was Satt160-16.1 cM-TPRSMV1-7.3 cM-Satt516-2.0 cM-TSRSMV1-4.5 cM-Sat_133. This research provides the useful information for breeders to select the two types of SMV resistance simultaneously in soybean breeding through molecular marker-assisted selection （MAS）.

QTL effects and epistatic interaction for flowering time and branch number in a soybean mapping population of Japanese×Chinese cultivars

Flowering time and branching type are important agronomic traits related to the adaptability and yield of soybean. Molecular bases for major flowering time or maturity loci, E1 to E4, have been identified. However, more flowering time genes in cultivars with different genetic backgrounds are needed to be mapped and cloned for a better understanding of flowering time regulation in soybean. In this study, we developed a population of Japanese cultivar（Toyomusume）×Chinese cultivar（Suinong 10） to map novel quantitative trait locus（QTL） for flowering time and branch number. A genetic linkage map of a F_2 population was constructed using 1 306 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP） markers using Illumina Soy SNP8 ki Select Bead Chip containing 7 189（SNPs）. Two major QTLs at E1 and E9, and two minor QTLs at a novel locus, qFT2_1 and at E3 region were mapped. Using other sets of F_2 populations and their derived progenies, the existence of a novel QTL of qFT2_1 was verified. qBR6_1, the major QTL for branch number was mapped to the proximate to the E1 gene, inferring that E1 gene or neighboring genetic factor is significantly contributing to the branch number.

Genetic overlap between salt and low-temperature tolerance loci at germination stage of soybean

Salt and low temperature were both very important factors for soybean production. It was necessary to improve the salt stress and low-temperature tolerance of soybean. The main purpose of this paper was to map the quantitative trait loci(QTL) related with salt tolerance and low- temperature tolerance at germination stage with backcross introgression lines(BILs),and analyze the genetic overlap between them. There were 22 QTL located with BC2 F4 introgression populations after salt stress,and 15 QTL were mapped after low-temperature stress. Seven overlapping QTLs between salt tolerance and low-temperature tolerance were detected on 6 linkage groups at germination stage. In total,there were 31.81 % of salt tolerance and low-temperature tolerance loci existed genetic overlap.

An Integrated QTL Map of Fungal Disease Resistance in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr):A Method of Meta-Analysis for Mining R Genes

Diseases caused by fungal pathogens account for approximately 50% of all soybean disease losses around the world. Conflicting results of fungal disease resistance QTLs from different populations often occurred. The objectives of this study were to： （i） evaluate evidence for reported fungal disease resistance QTLs associations in soybean and （ii） extract relatively reliable and useful information from the ＂real＂ QTLs and mine putative genes in soybean. An integrated map of fungal disease resistance QTLs in soybean was established with soymap 2 published in 2004 as a reference map. QTLs of fungal disease resistance developed from each of separate populations in recent 10 years were integrated into a combinative map for gene cloning and marker assisted selection in soybean. 107 QTLs from different maps were integrated and projected to the reference map with the software BioMercator 2.1. A method of meta-analysis was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 23 ＂real＂ QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained from 12 linkage groups （LG）, respectively. Two published R genes were found in these ＂real＂ QTLs intervals. Sequences in the ＂real＂ QTLs intervals were predicted by GENSCAN, and these predicted genes were annotated in Goblet. 228 resistance gene analogs （RGAs） in 12 different terms were mined. The results will lay the foundation for a bioinformatics platform combining abundant QTLs, and offer the basis for marker assisted selection and gene cloning in soybean.

In vivo activities of the structured lipids-1,3-dioleic acid 2-palmitic acid triglyceride(OPO)in high-fat diet mice

High-energy diets and lipid metabolism can lead to high levels of total cholesterol,a decrease in antioxidant,enzyme activity,and an increase in oxidative stress and dyslipidemia biomarker.In this study,the in vivo antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl triglyceride(OPO)using a high fat-diet model were investigated.The mice were divided into groups including high-fat model group(HF),auxiliary group(AG),positive Control group(PC),low OPO dose group(LO),medium OPO dose group(MO)and high OPO.OPO was administrated to 60 hyperlipidemia induced male Kunming mice at the dosage of 200,400 and 800 mg/kg•d body weight,for 35 days.The results showed that the administration of OPO decreased the body weight from 43.92 g in HF to 37.74 g in HO group,liver index from 3.94%in HF to 3.43 in HO group and kidney index from 1.38 in HF%to 1.17%in HO group.The administration of OPO significantly decreased hyperlipidemia mice's serum triglyceride,total cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at P<0.05.High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased with reductions of visceral hypertrophy and fat accumulation in model mice.Furthermore,in the HO group,superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels increased significantly by 27.39,38.33 and 22.90%at(P<0.05),respectively.OPO also significantly reduced the enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum at P<0.05.These findings suggested that OPO has potential use in hyperlipidemia treatment and other health-related complications.