Type Ia supernovae are bright stellar explosions distinguished by standardizable light curves that allow for their use as distance indicators for cosmological studies. Despite the highly successful use of these events...Type Ia supernovae are bright stellar explosions distinguished by standardizable light curves that allow for their use as distance indicators for cosmological studies. Despite the highly successful use of these events in this capacity, many fundamental questions remain. Contemporary research inves- tigates how properties of the progenitor system that follow from the host galaxy such as composition and age influence the brightness of an event with the goal of better understanding and assessing the intrinsic scatter in the brightness. We provide an overview of these supernovae and proposed progenitor systems, all of which involve one or more compact stars known as white dwarfs. We describe contemporary research investigating how the composition and structure of the progenitor white dwarf systematically influences the explosion outcome assuming the progenitor is a single white dwarf that has gained mass from a companion. We present results illustrating some of these systematic effects from our research.展开更多
Nitrogen vacancy diamonds have emerged as sensitive solid-state magnetic field sensors capable of producing diffraction limited and sub-diffraction field images.Here,for the first time,to our knowledge,we extend those...Nitrogen vacancy diamonds have emerged as sensitive solid-state magnetic field sensors capable of producing diffraction limited and sub-diffraction field images.Here,for the first time,to our knowledge,we extend those measurements to high-speed imaging,which can be readily applied to analyze currents and magnetic field dynamics in circuits on a microscopic scale.To overcome detector acquisition rate limitations,we designed an optical streaking nitrogen vacancy microscope to acquire two-dimensional spatiotemporal kymograms.We demonstrate magnetic field wave imaging with micro-scale spatial extent and~400μs temporal resolution.In validating this system,we detected magnetic fields down to 10μT for 40 Hz magnetic fields using single-shot imaging and captured the spatial transit of an electromagnetic needle at streak rates as high as 110μm/ms.This design has the capability to be readily extended to full 3D video acquisition by utilizing compressed sensing techniques and a potential for further improvement of spatial resolution,acquisition speed,and sensitivity.The device opens opportunities to many potential applications where transient magnetic events can be isolated to a single spatial axis,such as acquiring spatially propagating action potentials for brain imaging and remotely interrogating integrated circuits.展开更多
文摘Type Ia supernovae are bright stellar explosions distinguished by standardizable light curves that allow for their use as distance indicators for cosmological studies. Despite the highly successful use of these events in this capacity, many fundamental questions remain. Contemporary research inves- tigates how properties of the progenitor system that follow from the host galaxy such as composition and age influence the brightness of an event with the goal of better understanding and assessing the intrinsic scatter in the brightness. We provide an overview of these supernovae and proposed progenitor systems, all of which involve one or more compact stars known as white dwarfs. We describe contemporary research investigating how the composition and structure of the progenitor white dwarf systematically influences the explosion outcome assuming the progenitor is a single white dwarf that has gained mass from a companion. We present results illustrating some of these systematic effects from our research.
基金National Science Foundation(CMMI-1826078)GrantováAgentura?eskéRepubliky(GA20-28980S)+5 种基金Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas(RP180588)NSF Graduate Research Fellowship(279451)National Institutes of Health(1R01GM127696,1R21CA269099,1R21GM142107)Army Medical Research(W81XWH2010777)Air Force Office of Scientific Research(17RHCOR483,20RHCOR051,FA9550-15-1-0517,FA9550-20-1-0366,FA9550-20-1-0367)U.S.Air Force(FA8650-19-C-6024)。
文摘Nitrogen vacancy diamonds have emerged as sensitive solid-state magnetic field sensors capable of producing diffraction limited and sub-diffraction field images.Here,for the first time,to our knowledge,we extend those measurements to high-speed imaging,which can be readily applied to analyze currents and magnetic field dynamics in circuits on a microscopic scale.To overcome detector acquisition rate limitations,we designed an optical streaking nitrogen vacancy microscope to acquire two-dimensional spatiotemporal kymograms.We demonstrate magnetic field wave imaging with micro-scale spatial extent and~400μs temporal resolution.In validating this system,we detected magnetic fields down to 10μT for 40 Hz magnetic fields using single-shot imaging and captured the spatial transit of an electromagnetic needle at streak rates as high as 110μm/ms.This design has the capability to be readily extended to full 3D video acquisition by utilizing compressed sensing techniques and a potential for further improvement of spatial resolution,acquisition speed,and sensitivity.The device opens opportunities to many potential applications where transient magnetic events can be isolated to a single spatial axis,such as acquiring spatially propagating action potentials for brain imaging and remotely interrogating integrated circuits.
