Bound lipase:an important form of lipase in rice bran (Oryza sativa)

Rice bran residue possessed a steady lipase activity((26.68 ± 3.69)%)after its endogenous lipase was extracted continuously by phosphate buffer solution(PBS)for 24 h. T herefore, the aim of this research was to explore whether there exist any bound lipases in rice bran(Oryza sativa). Three physical treatments(grinding, homogenizing and ultrasound crush)and 6 enzymatic treatments(cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, complex cellulase, glucoamylase and α-amylase)were applied to rice bran in order to investigate this bound lipase. The relative catalytic activities of extraction supernatant and residue for pectinase group were(437.63 ± 22.54)% and(159.26 ± 2.12)%, respectively, which were significantly higher(P < 0.05)than other groups. This phenomenon demonstrated that lipase was the most likely to combine with pectin. Molecular simulation proved that pectin could combine with two rice bran lipases(lipase 315 and lipase 308)and cover the catalytic centers so as to prevent the lipases from encountering the substrate and inhibiting their catalytic activities. During combination, pectin could make the lipases more compact and reduce the solvent accessible surface area of lipases, which would make the lipases inactive to molecular interaction. In summary, part of rice bran lipase was proved to exist in bound form and combined with the pectin.

Deep Learning-Based Robust Morphed Face Authentication Framework for Online Systems

The amalgamation of artificial intelligence(AI)with various areas has been in the picture for the past few years.AI has enhanced the functioning of several services,such as accomplishing better budgets,automating multiple tasks,and data-driven decision-making.Conducting hassle-free polling has been one of them.However,at the onset of the coronavirus in 2020,almost all worldly affairs occurred online,and many sectors switched to digital mode.This allows attackers to find security loopholes in digital systems and exploit them for their lucrative business.This paper proposes a three-layered deep learning(DL)-based authentication framework to develop a secure online polling system.It provides a novel way to overcome security breaches during the face identity(ID)recognition and verification process for online polling systems.This verification is done by training a pixel-2-pixel Pix2pix generative adversarial network(GAN)for face image reconstruction to remove facial objects present(if any).Furthermore,image-to-image matching is done by implementing the Siamese network and comparing the result of various metrics executed on feature embeddings to obtain the outcome,thus checking the electorate credentials.

Deep Learning-Based Model for Detection of Brinjal Weed in the Era of Precision Agriculture

The overgrowth of weeds growing along with the primary crop in the fields reduces crop production.Conventional solutions like hand weeding are labor-intensive,costly,and time-consuming;farmers have used herbicides.The application of herbicide is effective but causes environmental and health concerns.Hence,Precision Agriculture(PA)suggests the variable spraying of herbicides so that herbicide chemicals do not affect the primary plants.Motivated by the gap above,we proposed a Deep Learning(DL)based model for detecting Eggplant(Brinjal)weed in this paper.The key objective of this study is to detect plant and non-plant(weed)parts from crop images.With the help of object detection,the precise location of weeds from images can be achieved.The dataset is collected manually from a private farm in Gandhinagar,Gujarat,India.The combined approach of classification and object detection is applied in the proposed model.The Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model is used to classify weed and non-weed images;further DL models are applied for object detection.We have compared DL models based on accuracy,memory usage,and Intersection over Union(IoU).ResNet-18,YOLOv3,CenterNet,and Faster RCNN are used in the proposed work.CenterNet outperforms all other models in terms of accuracy,i.e.,88%.Compared to other models,YOLOv3 is the least memory-intensive,utilizing 4.78 GB to evaluate the data.

经济落后地区农村妇女产次与妊娠结局关系的探讨

为了解经济落后地区农村妇女产次、妊娠结局现状及关系 ,为提高农村地区妇女生殖健康水平提供信息基础 ,统计分析安徽省定远县 2 0个乡镇计划生育部门日常记录的 36 98名妇女的产次及妊娠结局资料。结果 :计划外怀孕占总怀孕数的 9.30 % ,高胎次及计划外怀孕妇女流产、死产比例偏高。建议 :计划生育部门和妇幼保健部门应当通力合作 ,加强对计划外怀孕、人工流产的管理工作 。

Synthesis and performance of Zn–Ni–P thin films

The electroplating of Zn–Ni–P thin film alloys from a sulfate bath containing phosphoric and phosphorous acid was investigated. The bath composition and the deposition parameters were optimized through Hull cell experiments, and the optimum experimental conditions were determined（p H = 2, temperature = 298–313 K, zinc sulfate concentration =30 g·L^-1, EDTA concentration = 15 g·L^-1, and current density = 1.0–2.0 A·dm^-2）. The SEM analysis of the coating deposited from the optimum bath revealed fine-grained deposits of the alloy in the presence of EDTA. Optical microscopy analysis indicated an electrodeposited thin film with uniform thickness and good adhesion to the steel substrate. The good adherence of the coatings was also demonstrated by the scratch tests that were performed, with a maximum determined value of 25 N for the critical load. Corrosion resistance tests revealed good protection of the steel substrate by the obtained Zn–Ni–P coatings, with values up to 85.89% for samples with Ni contents higher than 76%. The surface analysis of the thin film samples before and after corrosion was performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.

Effects of phosvitin phosphopeptide-Ca complex prepared by efficient enzymatic hydrolysis on calcium absorption and bone deposition of mice

Phosvitin(PV)was treated with high-temperature,mild pressure(HTMP),and enzyme combination,and then phosvitin phosphopeptides-calcium(PPP-Ca)complexes were prepared.The low-calcium specific pathogen free-Kunming(SPF-KM)mice were used to determine the effect of PPP-Ca complexes on intestinal calcium absorption and their utilization for bone formation.The serum calcium content was the highest with the HTMP-Enz-PPP-Ca treatment(2.19 mmol/L),and it significantly down-regulated the abnormal elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase(AKP)caused by calcium deficiency.The low-calcium control group had the lowest calcium deposited to the femur(80.41 mg/g)and the lowest femur bone mineral density(BMD)(0.17 g/cm^(3)),while HTMP-Enz-PPP-Ca significantly improved bone calcium content(94.33 mg/g)and BMD(0.29 g/cm^(3)).The micro-computed tomography(MCT)images showed that the femur with the normal control,PV-Ca,and HTMP-Enz-PPP-Ca treatments had a more compact,complete,and thicker trabecular network than the low-calcium and CaCl_(2)treatments.These results indicated that the organic calcium(HTMP-Enz-PPP-Ca)promoted calcium absorption and bone deposition,and the effect of HTMP-Enz-PPP-Ca was better than the inorganic CaCl_(2).

Effects of lanthanum on properties of cathode materials and ion implanted spinning rings

The effects of rare earth elements on the structure of cathode materials composed of WC, 663Cu and Ti as well as the performances of spinning rings implanted with this cathode materials were investigated. The results show that rare earth elements can improve the microstructure and compactness of the cathode materials, and elevate the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of spinning rings implanted with these materials. Consequently, the yarn quality is improved significantly.

Anti-hyperglycemic effects of dihydromyricetin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Dihydromyricetin(DHM),as a bioactive flavanonol compound,is mainly found in“Tengcha”(Ampelopsis grossedentata)cultivated in south of China.This study aimed to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activities of DHM using type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2D)rats,which was induced by feeding with high fat and fructose diet for 42 days and intraperitoneal administration of streptozocin.Forty-eight freshlyweaned rats were randomly assigned into the negative control(Blank),low dose(100 mg/kg),medium dose(200 mg/kg),high dose(400 mg/kg),and positive(40 mg/kg,met)groups.Fasting blood glucose and body weight were measured at weekly interval.Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on days 42.The results revealed that DHM possessed significant antihyperglycaemic and antihyperinsulinemic effects.Moreover,after the DHM treatment,p-Akt and p-AMPK expression was upregulated,and glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)expression was downregulated,indicating that the potential anti-diabetic mechanism of DHM might be due to the regulation of the AMPK/Akt/GSK-3βsignaling pathway.

Romanian legal management rules limit wood production in Norway spruce and beech forests

Background： The quantitative impact of forest management on forests＇ wood resource was evaluated for Picea and Fagus mixed forests. The effects on the productivity of tendering operations, thinnings and rotation length have seldom been directly quantified on landscape scale. Methods： Two sites of similar fertility but subject to contrasted forest management were studied with detailed inventories： one in Germany, the other in Romania, and compared with the respective national forest inventories. In Romania, regulations impose very long rotations, low thinnings and a period of no-cut before harvest. In contrast, tending and thinnings are frequent and intense in Germany. Harvests start much earlier and must avoid clear cutting but maintain a permanent forest cover with natural regeneration. While Germany has an average annual wood increment representative for Central Europe, Romania represents the average for Eastern Europe. Results： The lack of tending and thinning in the Romanian site resulted in twice as many trees per hectare as in the German site for the same age. The productivity in Romanian production forests was 20 % lower than in Germany despite a similar fertility. The results were supported by the data from the national forest inventory of each country, which confirmed that the same differential exists at country scale. Furthermore, provided the difference in rotation length, two crops are harvested in Germany when only one is harvested in Romania. The losses of production due to a lower level of management in Romania where estimated to reach 12.8 million m3.y-1 in regular mountain production forests, and to 15 million m3.y-1 if managed protection forest is included. Conclusions： The productivity of Picea and Fagus mountain forests in Romania is severely depressed by the lack of tending and thinning, by overly long rotations and the existence of a 25-years no-cut period prior to harvest. The average standing volume in Germany was 50 % lower than in Romania, but the higher harvesting rate resulted in more than doubling wood production. Considering the mitigation effects of climate change by forests, it emerges that the increase in standing volume of forests in Romania is smaller than the additional harvest in Germany which serves fossil fuel substitution.

Lipid Oxidation and Fatty Acid Composition in Salt-Dried Yellow Croaker(Pseudosciaena polyactis) During Processing

Lipid oxidation in salt-dried yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena polyactis) was evaluated during processing with commonly used analytical indices, such as the peroxide value(POV), the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) value, and oxidative-relative lipoxygenase(LOX) activity. Additionally, fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both POV and TBARS increased significantly(P < 0.05) at the rinsing stage. POV reached its peak value of 3.63 meq O_2 per kg sample at the drying stage, whereas TBARS constantly increased from 0.05 to 0.20 mg MDA per kg sample. Processing of salt-dried yellow croaker had an extremely significant(P < 0.01) effect on LOX activity. Twenty-six fatty acids were identified. Combined eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA; C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA; C22:6n3) content varied between(19.20 ±0.37) mg g^(-1) and(23.45 ± 1.05) mg g^(-1). The polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid(PUFA/SFA) ratio in yellow croaker was 0.73–1.10, and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was approximately 0.13–0.20. The contents of most fatty acids varied significantly(P <0.05) during the different processing stages, and these differences were caused by lipid oxidation. C18:0, C16:1n7, C19:0, and C22:6n3 showed clear changes in principle component one of a principle components analysis. These fatty acids are potential markers for evaluating lipid oxidation in fish muscle because there was a significant correlation between these markers and TBARS and LOX activity(P < 0.05) with Pearson's coefficients > 0.931.

GC-MS Analysis of Metabolites in Filling Grains of Rice-Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) in Comparison to Conventional Tartary Buckwheat

Rice-Tartary buckwheat(RTB)is a special germplasm of Tartary buckwheat.In this study,the appraisal of taste quality between RTB and conventional Tartary buckwheat(CTB)was presented,and the metabolites in kernels at three typical grain filling stage(GFS)were investigated.Unlike CTB,RTB showed thin shell seeds without longitudinal furrows at maturity,which was easily artificially dehulled.Sense organ test indicated that RTB exhibited better taste quality because of the higher values of appearance,viscosity,taste and summary were appraised.In total,92 metabolites were identified in kernels using GM-MS metabolomics platform.The levels of most metabolites changed greatly during grain filling and a large numbers of metabolite-metabolite correlations were found by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.ANOVA analysis identified 61 differentially expressed metabolites between RTB and CTB,while Venn diagram analysis screened 35 common differential metabolites.Compared with CTB,RTB showed similar levels of lysine and methionine,indicated that RTB own excellent nutritional value.Additionally,RTB exhibited significantly up-regulated levels of most sweeteners(sugars and polyols),which might contribute to better taste.This work provides the first comprehensive metabolomics analysis of kernels between RTB and CTB,which may potentially provide theoretical basis for further research.

In vitro Antioxidant Effects of Porphyra haitanensis Peptides on H_2O_2-Induced Damage in HepG2 Cells

In this study,protein from Porphyra haitanensis was used as raw material to prepare an antioxidant peptide,and its antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro.A model of H_2O_2-induced oxidative damage in Hep G2 cells was established,and the effects of Porphyra haitanensis hydrolysates (PHHs) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were detected.Finally,the structure of PHHs was identified by ESI-MS/MS.The results showed that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-pyridylhydrazine(DPPH)-free radical-scavenging ability of PHHs was the strongest (59.28%at 1.0 mg m L~(-1)) when hydrolyzed with an acidic protease for 4 h.PHHs with different concentrations had protective effects on H_2O_2-induced damage to Hep G2 cells,and the protective effect was enhanced with increasing concentrations.When the level was 400μg m L~(-1),the cell survival rate was as high as 88.62%.Moreover,PHHs can significantly reduce oxidative damage to Hep G2 cells by H_2O_2,improve SOD activity,and reduce MDA content.The tetrapeptide Asp-Lys-Ser-Thr,with a molecular weight of 448 Da,was identified as an important fraction of PHHs by high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Effects of forest management on biomass stocks in Romanian beech forests

Background: Forest management aims at obtaining a sustainable production of wood to be harvested to generate products or energy. However, the quantitative influence of forest management and of removals by harvest on biomass stocks has rarely been analysed on a large scale based on measurements. Two hypotheses prevail: management induces a reduction of wood stocks due to cuttings, versus no impact because of increased growth of the remaining trees. Using data collected for 2840 permanent plots across Romania from the National Forest Inventory representing^2.5 Mha, we have tested to what extent different management types and treatments can influence the biomass stock and productivity of beech forests, and attempt to quantify these effects both on the short and long terms. Three main types of beech forest management are implemented in Romania with specific objectives: intensive wood production in production forests, protection of ecosystem services (e.g. watersheds, avalanche protection) in protection forests, and protection of the forest and its biodiversity in protected forests. Production forests encompass two treatments differing according to the stand regeneration method: the age class rotation management and the group shelterwood management. Results: We show that forest management had little influence on the biomass stocks at a given stand age. The highest stocks at stand age 100 were observed in production forests (the most intensively managed forests). Consequences of early cuttings were very short-termed because the increase in tree growth rapidly compensated for tree cuttings. The cumulated biomass of production forests exceeded that of protected and protection forests. Regarding the treatment, the group shelterwood forests had a markedly higher production over a full rotation period. The total amount of deadwood was primarily driven by the amount of standing deadwood, and no management effect was detected. Conclusions: Given the relatively low-intensity management in Romania, forest management had no negative impact on wood stocks in beech forests biomass stocks at large scale. Stand productivity was very similar among management types or treatments. However cumulated biomass in production forests was higher than in protection or protected forests, and differed markedly according to treatments with a higher cumulated biomass in shelterwood forests.

Dietary Plant Extracts Combined with Vitamin E Limit the Discoloration in Stored n-3 PUFA Rich Meat

In finishing cull-cows given n-3 PUFA-rich diets (for 101 ± 3 days preceding slaughter), the ability of vitamin E (2.8 g/animal/day) or vitamin E associated with plant extracts rich in polyphenols (PERP) (126 g/animal/day) to limit discoloration was evaluated on color attributes of Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Semitendinosus (ST) processed meat. Color attributes were determined after muscles ageing and retail display in different packaging systems consisting in 14 d. under vacuum (V), 4 d. aerobic (A) or 7 d. under modified atmosphere (70:30, O2/CO2) (MA). Vit. E associated with PERP were able to limit color deterioration by decreasing metmyoglobin% in ST and LT for all tested packaging systems. The antioxidant association increased the L* coordinate and the oxygenation index as compared with vit. E alone. We show the possibility to limit color deterioration of processed beef by an original dietary antioxidant strategy during the finishing period.

Geomagnetic Field Measurement over Akure Using Ground Based Magnetometer Observatory

The geomagnetic field over Akure, southern Nigeria （7°15＇ N; 5°12＇ E） was investigated from direct observation for a period of two years （2005-2006）. Geomagnetic field over Akure was monitored and measured using a locally produced magnetometer. The geomagnetic data generated were evaluated at every local time hour. Diurnal, monthly and Seasonal effects were investigated. The results of the analyses from the magnetic data generated provide a comprehensive understanding of the geomagnetic variation over the region. This research validates the instrument and presents a direct measurement opportunity to capture the influence of local sources.

Management breaks the natural productivity-biodiversity relationship in forests and grassland： an opinion

Background： Two approaches mark the difference between the ＂ecological＂ and ＂agricultural＂ view of the biodiversity/ growth relation. In ecology the trend is averaged by taking monocultures of all species as baseline to evaluate mixtures. This contrasts the ＂agricultural＂ view focusing on the most productive species or species combination as baseline to evaluate mixtures. The present study investigates the change of highest rates （maximum） productivities in grasslands and forests with increasing plant （or tree） diversity, and compares these with the average response. Methods： We base our analysis on existing published datasets relating the growth of plant stands （growth rate per land area） to the diversity on the same plot. We use a global dataset （Ellis et al. 2012 and MODIS-data, see Fig. 1）, the grassland experiment in lena （Buchmann et al. 2017）, the regional study on forests in Romania and Germany by Bouriaud et al. （2016）, and data from the German National Forest inventory （BWl 3, see Fig. 3）. In all cases the average response of growth to changes in biodiversity as well as the boundary line of the maximum values was calculated. Results： in both vegetation types a decreasing trend of maximum productivity with any added species emerges, contrasting the average trend that was positive in grassland, but absent in forests. The trend of maximum values was non-significant in grasslands probably due to the fact that not all combinations of species mixtures were available. In temperate forests, maximum productivity decreases significantly by about 10% in regional studies and by 8% at national scale with each added species. Maximum biomass per area was the same for managed and unmanaged conditions. A global assessment of NPP and biodiversity could also not confirm a general positive biodiversity- productivity relationship. Conclusions： Managed grasslands and forests reach highest productivity and volumes at low diversity. Also globally we could not confirm a biodiversity effect on productivity. Despite this, for long-living organisms, such as trees, the incentive for land managers exists to reduce the risk of failure due to climate extremes and diseases by taking a loss in productivity into account and to actively maintain a mixture of species.

Evolution of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil Polluted with Crude Oil Treated with a Natural Product

Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated/polluted soils has been recognized as an efficient, economic, versatile and environmentally good treatment. This method is limited by the microorganisms activity in degrading the spills hydrocarbons. Low solubility of the hydrocarbons involves low bioavailability to microorganisms. The main objective of this research is to increase biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by treating the crude oil polluted soil with the natural biodegradable product and bacterial inoculum. Biodegradation was quantified by total petroleum hydrocarbons （TPH） analyses. The paper presents data obtained in biodegradation process of an artificial polluted soil with 5% and 10% crude oil, treated with a natural biodegradable product and bacterial inoculum during two years of experiment. Biodegradation process takes time to rehabilitate and reuse of the soil in agricultural scopes.

Theoretical and Technological Aspects on the Inverse Structure in the Fields of High Speed Electric Machines

The paper presents the design and technological aspects on the high speed electrical machines which include the mechanical radial and axial strees because of the centrifugal forces. It presents a reverse structure with outlet rotor and inlet stator that have high speed 20.000 rpm-24.000 rpm and power 1 kW for the pecific of the ventilanting centrifugal fan domain. This unconventional type of machine is not still in the phase of specific tests.

Hypoglycemic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and its mechanism prediction based on network pharmacology

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,which poses a serious threat to human health.Moringa oleifera Lam.is a medicinal and edible plant with various physiological functions.However,its main hypoglycemic components and mechanisms are still unclear.In this study,network pharmacology and bioinformatics were used to analyze the potential bioactive substances of M.oleifera leaf extract(MOLE)and its hypoglycemic mechanism.Studies have shown that MOLE has the effect of increasing glucose consumption in insulin resistant-HepG2 cells.MOLE was found to contain 975 compounds by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS).Network pharmacology analysis indicated that the main active component was robinetin and the identified core genes were AKT1 and GAPDH.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the hypoglycemic effect of MOLE may be closely related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.This study revealed the possible active components and mechanisms of action of M.oleifera for hypoglycemia,laying the theoretical foundation for subsequent studies.