Some Indicators of the Water Regime in Some Varieties Belonging to the Monarda didyma L. Genus in the Conditions of Tashkent (Uzbekistan)

In this article, the names of 3 varieties of Monarda didyma L., which are considered to be introduced species, some indicators of the water regime in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan: the amount of water in the leaves, water deficit, water storage capacity were studied in spring and summer, and seasonal changes were determined. According to these indicators of the water regime, the studied varieties belong to the labile water regime, high green mass (centner), seed yield (how many grams), resistance to diseases and pests have been determined, which shows that it is promising for introduction in the conditions of our republic. Therefore, it is recommended to breed these varieties in the foothills and hilly regions of Uzbekistan, where the amount of precipitation is more than 400 - 500 mm.

Isolation of Soybean Nodule Bacteria and Nodule Formation in Uzbekistan Soybean Varieties

The main goal of our research work is to search for nodule bacteria of local soybean varieties and to identify and study their nodule-forming properties. In the present study, soil samples from fields in the Tashkent, Andijan, Bukhara, Jizzakh, Kashkadarya, Navoi, Namangan, Samarkand, Surkhandarya, Syrdarya, Fergana, and Khorezm regions of Uzbekistan were studied for the formation of symbiotic nodules in local soybean varieties. Nodules formed only in the soils of the Tashkent region in the root systems of local soybean varieties (Madad, Sevinch, Dostlik, Parvoz, Gavkhar, Khasildar, Baraka, Tashkent, Uzbekistan-6, Tumaris, Nafis, Orzu) were formed from 22 to 40 nodule. Forty-one bacterial species belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium were isolated from the nodules of the different varieties. The specificity, virulence, and symbiotic efficacy of 12 active nodule bacteria were compared in the local Madad, Sevinch, Dostlik, and Parvoz varieties. The root systems of these varieties formed from 2 to 14 symbiotic pink nodules 0.5 - 10 mm in size. Inoculation of the Madad and Dostlik varieties with their specific M5-1 and D24-1 nodule bacteria resulted in a symbiotic efficiency 46.6% - 54.4% higher than in uninoculated control plants. Notably, the foreign inoculum “Rizovit” (Kazakhstan), created on the basis of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, did not form any nodules on the roots of the local Uzbekistan varieties. The main reason for this may be the difference in the genetic origin of foreign soybean varieties and domestic Uzbekistan varieties. The nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA genes of nodule bacteria M5-1, S7-2, D24-1, and P12-1 showed 97.07% similarity with the 16S rRNA genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum PRY65 (AF239848.2) and 98.98% similarity with Bradyrhizobium japonicum PRY62 (AF239847.2).

Acid-Phosphorus Activity of Wheat Varieties Rhizobacteria of Uzbekistan

In this work, local strains of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms were isolated and identified from the wheat rhizosphere and exogenous acid phosphatase enzymes of locally active phosphate- and potassium-mobilizing rhizobacteria belonging to the genera Escherichia, Rahnella, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Pantoea were studied. The efficiency of the physiological properties of rhizobacteria is determined by the production of soluble phosphorus, and the amount of phosphorus depends on the activity and biomass of bacteria that secrete phosphorus. This is done by phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and the habitat ecosystem is enriched with beneficial micronutrients. In these studies, active rhizobacteria activity of acid phosphatase in nutrient liquid was studied at different temperatures. Optimum pH activity index and temperature variability of enzymes were determined. It should be noted that in the most active phosphate-solubilizing strains the maximum enzymatic activity was observed in the culture fluid of R. aquatilis strain 17, which produced 1.086 μmol p-nitrophenol μmol/min/ml. P. agglomerans 22, P. agglomerans 20 and Ps. kilonensis 32 cultures phosphatase activity was 0.143 - 0.680 p-nitrophenol μmol/min/ml. It should be noted that the phosphatase activity of bacteria belonging to the same genus and species was very different from each other. That is, the enzyme activity of Rahnella aquatilis strain 17 was 9 times higher than the enzyme activity of Rahnella aquatilis strain 9. The pH optimum of sour phosphatase enzymes in Rahnella aquatilis strain 16 was 6.0. The optimum temperature of acid phosphatase activity was 45˚C and 50˚C. The reason for this may be that the strains were isolated in different soil and climate conditions. When the acid phosphatase activity of R. aquatilis 3, 9, E. cloacae 8 and P. agglomerans 22 cultures was determined at a temperature of 45˚C, it was observed that the enzyme activity increased by 2 - 4 times. Es. hermannii 1, Ps. kilonensis 26 and B. simplex 28 bacteria acid phosphatase activity was not significantly affected by temperature rise.

Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of Phlomoides(Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae)in China:Insights from molecular and morphological data

Phlomoides,with 150-170 species,is the second largest and perhaps most taxonomically challenging genus within the subfamily Lamioideae(Lamiaceae).With about 60 species,China is one of three major biodiversity centers of Phlomoides.Although some Phlomoides species from China have been included in previous molecular phylogenetic studies,a robust and broad phylogeny of this lineage has yet to be completed.Moreover,given the myriad new additions to the genus,the existing infrageneric classification needs to be evaluated and revised.Here,we combine molecular and morphological data to investigate relationships within Phlomoides,with a focus on Chinese species.We observed that plastid DNA sequences can resolve relationships within Phlomoides better than nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacer regions(nrITS and nrETS).Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of Phlomoides,but most previously defined infrageneric groups are not monophyletic.In addition,morphological analysis demonstrates the significant taxonomic value of eight characters to the genus.Based on our molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological data,we establish a novel section Notochaete within Phlomoides,and propose three new combinations as well as three new synonyms.This study presents the first molecular phylogenetic analyses of Phlomoides in which taxa representative of the entire genus are included,and highlights the phylogenetic and taxonomic value of several morphological characters from species of Phlomoides from China.Our study suggests that a taxonomic revision and reclassification for the entire genus is necessary in the future.

Structural-Adaptation Features of Assimilation Organs of the Species Salsola incanescens Cam. in Conditions of Kyzylkum

The article presents the results of the morpho-anatomical structure of the assimilation organs of the species Salsola leptoclada Gand, which is widespread in the Kyzylkum desert region of Uzbekistan, and reveals the structural, diagnostic and adaptive features. In the assimilation organs, Kranz type of mesophyll was found: in the cotyledons of the Kranz-spherical (Atriplicoid) type, and in the leaf—mesophylls of the Kranz-centric (Salsoloid) and Kranz-ventrodorsal type. These revealed diagnostic features of the assimilating organs of this species in arid conditions noted C4-type photosynthesis. Based on the comparative biometric analysis of quantitative indices of the anatomical features of the assimilating organs, xero-halomorphic features predominate. Halomorphic features are in the cotyledons—thin outer walls of the epidermal cells;few stomata of the anomocytic and paracytic type;few rows of spongy cells (3 - 4 rows);few vascular bundles of the collateral type and xylem, in the leaf—large and thin outer walls of the epidermal cells;succulence of the leaf mesophyll, the presence of aquiferous cells;large palisade, keratin and aquiferous cells. Xeromorphic features in the cotyledons—small and numerous epidermal cells and hemiparacytic type stomata also deep immersion;small palisade cells and a high palisade index, small spongy, hypodermal and keratin cells;small diameter of the xylem in vascular bundles;in the leaf numerous epidermal cells and stomata also deeply immersed;presence and numerous multicellular nodular, dentate trichomes;multi-row water-bearing cells;high palisade index;small and numerous xylem;numerous peripheral vascular bundles of the collateral type. These identified specific diagnostic features showing adaptation to arid conditions can also serve in the identification of plant materials.

Some Properties of the Sum and Geometric Differences of Minkowski

The sets of Minkowski algebraic sum and geometric difference are considered. The purpose of the research in this paper is to apply the properties of Minkowski sum and geometric difference to fractional differential games. This paper investigates the geometric properties of the Minkowski algebraic sum and the geometric difference of sets. Various examples are considered that calculate the geometric differences of sets. The results of the research are presented and proved as a theorem. At the end of the article, the results were applied to fractional differential games.

Equivalence of Paths under the Action of the Real Representation of Sp(n)

In this article, we will consider questions of G-equivalence of paths for the case when G was the group of the real representation of a symplectic transformation in an n-dimensional quaternion vector space. In determining the solution of this problem, we give an explicit description of differential generators of a differential field of differential rational functions that are invariant under the action of this group. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the G-equivalence of paths in a 4n-dimensional real space are obtained with the help of differential generators.