An efficient discrete singular convolution (DSC) method is introduced to the numerical solutions of incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions. Two numerical tests of two-dimens...An efficient discrete singular convolution (DSC) method is introduced to the numerical solutions of incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions. Two numerical tests of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions and Euler equations for doubly periodic shear layer flows are carried out by using the DSC method for spatial derivatives and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for time advancement, respectively. The computational results show that the DSC method is efficient and robust for solving tho problems of incompressible flows, and has the potential of being extended to numerically solve much broader problems in fluid dynamics.展开更多
In the coupling system, the dynamical theory of Raman spectroscopy with pulse excitation was developed, and applied to the continuum Raman of IBr.The structure of Raman excitation profile of IBr was explained, which d...In the coupling system, the dynamical theory of Raman spectroscopy with pulse excitation was developed, and applied to the continuum Raman of IBr.The structure of Raman excitation profile of IBr was explained, which does not follow the new reflection principle.展开更多
Background The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 （ROR2） gene has been recently shown to play important roles in palatal development in animal models and resides in the chromosomal region linked to non ...Background The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 （ROR2） gene has been recently shown to play important roles in palatal development in animal models and resides in the chromosomal region linked to non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in humans.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between ROR2 gene and non-syndromic oral clefts.Methods Here we tested 38 eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in ROR2 gene in 297 non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and in 82 non-syndromic cleft palate case parent trios recruited from Asia and Maryland.Family Based Association Test was used to test for deviation from Mendelian inheritance.Plink software was used to test potential parent of origin effect.Possible maternally mediated in utero effects were assessed using the TRlad Multi-Marker approach under an assumption of mating symmetry in the population.Results Significant evidence of linkage and association was shown for 3 SNPs （rs7858435,rs10820914 and rs3905385） among 57 Asian non-syndromic cleft palate trios in Family Based Association Tests.P values for these 3 SNPs equaled to 0.000068,0.000115 and 0.000464 respectively which were all less than the significance level （0.05/38=0.0013） adjusted by strict Bonferroni correction.Relevant odds ratios for the risk allele were 3.42 （1.80-6.50）,3.45 （1.75-6.67） and 2.94 （1.56-5.56）,respectively.Statistical evidence of linkage and association was not shown for study groups other than non-syndromic cleft palate.Neither evidence for parent-of-origin nor maternal genotypic effect was shown for any of the ROR2 markers in our analysis for all study groups.Conclusion Our results provided evidence of linkage and association between the ROR2 gene and a gene controlling risk to non-syndromic cleft palate.展开更多
Dear Editor,The ultraviolet （UV）-B wavelength （280-315 nm） is an indispensable component of the sunlight that reaches the earth＇s surface. Long-wavelength and Iow-fluence UV-B specifically induces plant photomorp...Dear Editor,The ultraviolet （UV）-B wavelength （280-315 nm） is an indispensable component of the sunlight that reaches the earth＇s surface. Long-wavelength and Iow-fluence UV-B specifically induces plant photomorphogenesis, which is characterized by inhibition of hypo- cotyl elongation, promotion of anthocyanin accumulation, and eventually tolerance against UV-B stress （Jenkins, 2009）.展开更多
V79-8 is an abnormal cell line which does not have detectable G1 and G2 phases in its cell cycle.This cell line is derived from V79 cell line which has G1 phase but lacks G2 phase. By using an anti-sense approach, CDK...V79-8 is an abnormal cell line which does not have detectable G1 and G2 phases in its cell cycle.This cell line is derived from V79 cell line which has G1 phase but lacks G2 phase. By using an anti-sense approach, CDK4 gene expression was partially inhibited to find whether CDK4 might contribute to the lack of G1 phase in V79-8 cells. Anti-CDK4 anti-sense plasmid was constructed and used to transfect V79-8 cells. Clones of transfected cells (V79-8-asCDK4) were examined, in comparison with V79-8 cells, to determine its growth curve, cell doubling-time (GT), the level of CDK4 gene expression and the levels of expression of some other growth related genes. V79-8-asCDK4 cells showed a slower growth rate with a doubling time 2.5-h longer than that of V79-8 cells. A flow cytometry (FCM) analysis demonstrated that the 2.5 h increase of the doubling time of V79-8-asCDK4 cells was mainly due to the appearance of G1 phase because its G2+M phase was not significantly different from that of V79-8 cells. The展开更多
Evidence in the literature shows that public-housing residents move less frequently than others. This tendency may restrict school choice for children from public-housing families and lead to school segregation and lo...Evidence in the literature shows that public-housing residents move less frequently than others. This tendency may restrict school choice for children from public-housing families and lead to school segregation and lower educational outcomes for those children. Our empirical findings from Hong Kong show three strands of evidence that support this hypothesis. （1） Children from public-housing families are more likely to drop out of school after compulsory education. The result is robust after controlling for family background and a series of parental characteristics. （2） Public-housing families with school-age children are less likely to move than their private-housing counterparts. （3） Children from public-housing families are more likely to study in local community schools, which are located on the outskirts of Hong Kong and are of lower education quality. These findings have important policy implications for the public-housing programs such as those which have been implemented in China's Mainland since 2011.展开更多
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.19902010)
文摘An efficient discrete singular convolution (DSC) method is introduced to the numerical solutions of incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions. Two numerical tests of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions and Euler equations for doubly periodic shear layer flows are carried out by using the DSC method for spatial derivatives and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for time advancement, respectively. The computational results show that the DSC method is efficient and robust for solving tho problems of incompressible flows, and has the potential of being extended to numerically solve much broader problems in fluid dynamics.
文摘In the coupling system, the dynamical theory of Raman spectroscopy with pulse excitation was developed, and applied to the continuum Raman of IBr.The structure of Raman excitation profile of IBr was explained, which does not follow the new reflection principle.
文摘Background The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 （ROR2） gene has been recently shown to play important roles in palatal development in animal models and resides in the chromosomal region linked to non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in humans.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between ROR2 gene and non-syndromic oral clefts.Methods Here we tested 38 eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in ROR2 gene in 297 non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and in 82 non-syndromic cleft palate case parent trios recruited from Asia and Maryland.Family Based Association Test was used to test for deviation from Mendelian inheritance.Plink software was used to test potential parent of origin effect.Possible maternally mediated in utero effects were assessed using the TRlad Multi-Marker approach under an assumption of mating symmetry in the population.Results Significant evidence of linkage and association was shown for 3 SNPs （rs7858435,rs10820914 and rs3905385） among 57 Asian non-syndromic cleft palate trios in Family Based Association Tests.P values for these 3 SNPs equaled to 0.000068,0.000115 and 0.000464 respectively which were all less than the significance level （0.05/38=0.0013） adjusted by strict Bonferroni correction.Relevant odds ratios for the risk allele were 3.42 （1.80-6.50）,3.45 （1.75-6.67） and 2.94 （1.56-5.56）,respectively.Statistical evidence of linkage and association was not shown for study groups other than non-syndromic cleft palate.Neither evidence for parent-of-origin nor maternal genotypic effect was shown for any of the ROR2 markers in our analysis for all study groups.Conclusion Our results provided evidence of linkage and association between the ROR2 gene and a gene controlling risk to non-syndromic cleft palate.
文摘Dear Editor,The ultraviolet （UV）-B wavelength （280-315 nm） is an indispensable component of the sunlight that reaches the earth＇s surface. Long-wavelength and Iow-fluence UV-B specifically induces plant photomorphogenesis, which is characterized by inhibition of hypo- cotyl elongation, promotion of anthocyanin accumulation, and eventually tolerance against UV-B stress （Jenkins, 2009）.
文摘V79-8 is an abnormal cell line which does not have detectable G1 and G2 phases in its cell cycle.This cell line is derived from V79 cell line which has G1 phase but lacks G2 phase. By using an anti-sense approach, CDK4 gene expression was partially inhibited to find whether CDK4 might contribute to the lack of G1 phase in V79-8 cells. Anti-CDK4 anti-sense plasmid was constructed and used to transfect V79-8 cells. Clones of transfected cells (V79-8-asCDK4) were examined, in comparison with V79-8 cells, to determine its growth curve, cell doubling-time (GT), the level of CDK4 gene expression and the levels of expression of some other growth related genes. V79-8-asCDK4 cells showed a slower growth rate with a doubling time 2.5-h longer than that of V79-8 cells. A flow cytometry (FCM) analysis demonstrated that the 2.5 h increase of the doubling time of V79-8-asCDK4 cells was mainly due to the appearance of G1 phase because its G2+M phase was not significantly different from that of V79-8 cells. The
文摘Evidence in the literature shows that public-housing residents move less frequently than others. This tendency may restrict school choice for children from public-housing families and lead to school segregation and lower educational outcomes for those children. Our empirical findings from Hong Kong show three strands of evidence that support this hypothesis. （1） Children from public-housing families are more likely to drop out of school after compulsory education. The result is robust after controlling for family background and a series of parental characteristics. （2） Public-housing families with school-age children are less likely to move than their private-housing counterparts. （3） Children from public-housing families are more likely to study in local community schools, which are located on the outskirts of Hong Kong and are of lower education quality. These findings have important policy implications for the public-housing programs such as those which have been implemented in China's Mainland since 2011.
