Spatiotemporal changeof vegetationcoverage recovery and its driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit areas

Vegetation coverage recovery after the Wenchuan earthquake has important implications for preventing post-seismic geohazards and soil erosion.However,spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage recovery and its driving factors have not been sufficiently studied in the quake-hit areas.This paper aims to analyze vegetation coverage recovery and its driving factors in the quake-hit areas using monadic linear regression,coefficient of variation,and geographical detector.First,we used Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)data to calculate the vegetation coverage from 2008 to 2018 in the quake-hit areas.Second,we assessed the trend and stability of vegetation recovery in the quake-hit areas based on vegetation coverage.Finally,combined with topography,climate,soil type,vegetation type,and human activities in the quake-hit areas,the driving factors affecting vegetation coverage recovery were analyzed.The results showed that the vegetation coverage level in the quake-hit areas recovered about 90%of that before the earthquake.Vegetation coverage recovery was mainly improved in a stepwise manner:increasing and then stabilizing,then increasing and stabilizing again.Elevation,soil type,and road density were the main factors affecting vegetation coverage recovery,and the interaction among all factors positively strengthened their impacts on vegetation coverage recovery.In addition,the results also revealed the categories that were conducive to vegetation coverage recovery among the same environmental factors and can provide a scientific reference for vegetation coverage recovery in the quake-hit areas.

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of daf-8 in the pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,causal agent of pine wilt disease,causes extensive damage worldwide.Strate-gies are needed to inhibit population growth or block the spread of the invasive nematode to control pine wilt dis-ease.The gene daf-8 plays crucial roles in larval develop-ment and dauer formation in Caenorhabditis elegans,but little is known about its orthologue in B.xylophilus.In the present molecular characterization and functional analysis of daf-8 in B.xylophilus(Bx-daf-8),RT-qPCR showed that the expression of Bx-daf-8 gradually increased during the embryonic stage,peaked in the second-stage juvenile(J2),then dramatically dropped in the J3,and remained at that low level for the rest of its life.Bx-daf-8-transgenic C.elegans was employed to mimic the spatiotemporal expression of Bx-daf-8,which was expressed close to the pharynx during early embryogenesis and weakly throughout the whole body during late embryogenesis.It was observed in head neurons and tail ganglions throughout all postembryonic stages.B.xylophilus embryos were severely abnormal,and hatching rate decreased sharply after Bx-daf-8 knockdown.daf-16-1 and da-f16-2,downstream genes in the IIS pathway,also dropped sharply after Bx-daf-8 knockdown.We propose that TGFβmay crosstalk with the IIS pathway upstream of Bx-daf-16 and that daf-8 may act as a master regulator of daf-16 in B.xylophilus.However,knockdown of Bx-daf-8 did not lead to constitutive developmental arrest at the dauer larval stage,indicating that dauer entry in B.xylophilus might be controlled by several genes and is more complicated than in C.elegans.Bx-daf-8 alone did not control the dauer entry in B.xylophilus,but it was indispensable for embryogen-esis,providing a potential target for suppressing population growth of B.xylophilus.

Urban Development Boundary Simulation Based on“Double Evaluation”and FLUS Model

The delimitation of urban development boundaries plays an important role in optimizing the nation land space.“Double evaluation”is one of the important means to study and predict the scale of new construction land in the future and to determine the spatial distribution of urban construction land.This study combines the“double evaluation”with the FLUS(Future Land-Use Simulation)model to study the delimitation of the urban development boundary of Yichang.The results show that:(1)the“double evaluation”method comprehensively considers the carrying capacity of the resource environmental bear and the suitability of urban development;(2)the FLUS model can better couple the“double evaluation”method for Land Use/Land Cover(LULC)suitability evaluation,Land Use/land Cover Change(LUCC)simulation and urban development boundary delineation,and the overall accuracy of the simulation reaches 96%;(3)according to the requirements of relevant national policies,this study divides the urban development boundary of the study area into concentrated construction areas,elastic development areas and special purpose areas.This function-based division can meet the requirements of urban flexible development,ecological protection and urban safety.This research combines the FLUS model,which is widely used in the simulation of LUCC,with the double evaluation method used in China’s new round of land and space planning to obtain the result of the urban development boundary.This result is consistent with the existing plan of the study area.

Deformation characteristics and thresholds of the Tanjiawan landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,China

Since the first impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)in China in 2003,more than 5000 landslides including potential landslides were identified.In this paper,a deep-seated active landslide in TGR area was analyzed.Fourteen years’monitoring data and field investigations from 2006 to 2020 were used to analyze the deformation characteristics,influencing factors,and meteohydrological thresholds.The landslide showed a none-overall periodic movement pattern featuring acceleration during long-duration rainfall and rapid transition to constant creep after rainfall events.Two secondary sliding masses,No.1 and No.2,were defined via field investigation.The reservoir has no impact on the deformation whereas long-duration-low-intensity rainfall is the main factor.At present,the cumulative displacements of the main sliding mass range from 0.9 to 3.2 m,and the deformation during the rainy season is gradually increasing.The boundary of this landslide was formed,and the boundary of No.2 sliding mass became obvious.The probability of the failure of sliding mass No.2 is very high under the conditions of continuous rainfall.The 15-day antecedent rainfall combined with 4-day cumulative rainfall could be the rainfall threshold which could be associated with the groundwater level S1 of 294 m above sea level for forecasting large deformation of Tanjiawan landslide.

Correction to:Molecular characterization and functional analysis of daf-8 in the pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Correction to:J.For.Res.(2022)33:689–698 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-021-01335-7 In the Original Publication,the text“Acknowledgements sdfkjds”has been inadvertently appeared in the paper.The Original article has been corrected.

Spatial Pattern Characteristics and Influencing Factors of National Forest Cities in China

In view of the deficiency of national forest cities in the exploration of spatial pattern and influencing factors,this paper adopted the methods of nearest neighbor analysis,kernel density analysis and unbalanced index calculation to analyze the spatial agglomeration pattern and spatial differentiation pattern of national forest cities.The factors affecting the selection and distribution of national forest cities were investigated by using the geographic detector and GWR model.The research results show that:① National forest cities show a spatial aggregation pattern of “east and west sparse,gradient change”,whose distribution is closely related to the climatic area;② The number of national garden cities,forest coverage rate,urbanization rate and local general budget income are four factors that have significant influence on the selection and distribution of national forest cities;③ The four significant influencing factors all have different degrees of spatial non-stationarity,and their two-factor and nonlinear enhancement effects can be generated after two interactions,among which the enhancement effect is the most obvious when the local general budget income interacts with other factors.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Pine Wood Nematodes in Yiling District Based on GIS

[Objectives]This study was conducted to accurately understand the spatial distribution of the outbreak of pine wood nematode disease,explore its spatial laws,and provide a more scientific and efficient analysis and decision-making basis for the prevention and management of pine wood nematode disease.[Methods]Taking the GIS management of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus tree felling in Yiling District as an example,the spatial positions of epidemic wood in the two years from 2019 to 2020 were collected.The spatial data management function of ArcGIS software was used to collect point and surface layers.Spatial information maps were drawn by spatial visualization,trend surface,spatial autocorrelation,nearest neighbor distance index and spatial-temporal clustering analysis of kernel density,so as to intuitively understand the evolution of spatial pattern trend of pine wood nematode disease,and to explain the variation raw and diffusion characteristics of pine wood nematode disease.[Results](1)Under the control measures,the affected pine forests and epidemic sites(subcompartments)decreased in the following year,the spread of the epidemic was still spreading,which was spreading from the central to the western and northern regions.The distribution of the plane epidemic sites was sparse from high concentration.The new epidemic sites occurred in a jump,and the number of affected pine trees was high.The outbreak was concentrated in a certain area,and the risk was high.The natural transmission and diffusion would coexist for a long time.(2)The epidemic trend of pine nematode in the two years was in the east and west,with a high value in the east,and the trend line was almost straight line.The outbreak of pine nematode showed cone-shaped central point aggregation and spread.(3)The spatial and temporal clustering characteristics of the epidemic show spatial clustering in the overall pattern,high clustering of pine victims caused by the spread of the epidemic source and clustering distribution pattern of epidemic points.(4)In the two years,the damaged pine trees were searched within the range of 5 km by using the distance threshold.The kernel density maps showed that the damaged pine trees in 2019 were more serious than those in 2020.The result of density map was consistent with the nearest neighbor distance index,and the damaged pine forests were mainly concentrated.(5)The epidemic situation of B.xylophilus disease in this region has a certain number of epidemic sites and a wide distribution area,the epidemic situation is difficult to eradicate in a short time.On the comprehensive measures,we should increase the clearing of epidemic trees,block the spread of the epidemic situation in the new areas,reduce the epidemic sites,regulate the density of pine trees by forest management,reduce the density of Monochamus alternatus and establish a broad-leaved forest ecosystem.[Conclusions]The study provides assistive technology support for the prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease.

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Lakes in the Bashang Plateau for Nearly Recent 30 Years

Lakes are important ecological water sources in the Bashang Plateau. Its expansion or shrinkage directly affects the ecological security of the plateau and its surrounding areas. In this study, Landsat images from 1984 to 2015 were selected to monitor the area of lakes in the Bashang Plateau and to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of lakes in the Bashang Plateau. The results showed that there were 47 lakes in the Bashang Plateau in 2015, with a total area of 37.63 km2, mainly distributed in the central and western regions of the region. From 1984 to 2015, the lakes in Bashang Plateau showed a shrinking trend. At the same time, there are obvious stage differences in lake changes. During 1984-1996, the number of lakes increased by 99 and the total area increased by 124.43 km2. From 1996 to 2015, the number of lakes decreased by 142, and the total area decreased by 183.96 km2. Before 1996, climate change was the dominant factor. However, the shrinkage of lakes after 1996 is the result of climate change and human activities. Among them, the large-scale planting of water consuming crops such as vegetables is the main human activity mode leading to lake shrinkage. This study will help to understand the expansion and contraction factors of the Bashang Plateau lakes in Hebei province and provide a reference for the future protection and management of the lakes.

Research Progression on Isolation and Purification of Resveratrol

Resveratrol is a ployphenolic compound which has a wide variety of pharmacological activity. This paper reviewed the physicochemical properties of resveratrol and its purification technology including macroporous resin method, high-speed countercurrent chromatography method, molecular imprinting method, membrane separation method, column chromatography method, two-aqueous phase extraction method and the combination of purification methods, so as to provide certain reference for further research and development.

Application of“3S”Technology in Land Resource Management

Land is the foundation of human existence,and it is also an important prerequisite and foundation for social construction and economic development.However,with the continuing construction and development of society and economy,a large number of trees have been felled,and the level of land desertification has been increasing.Therefore,it is very necessary to pay attention to strengthening land resource management.The application of“3S”technology in land resource management not only solves some problems in land resources,but also promotes the development of China’s economy.The author conducted research and analysis on“3S”technology,and put forward an effective strategy for the application of“3S”technology in land resource management,hoping to help the smooth progress of land resource management activities.

Inversion method of deflection of the vertical based on SWOT wide-swath altimeter data

The deflection of the vertical(DOV)is the key information in the study of ocean gravity field.However,in most areas,the precision of the prime component of DoV is significantly lower than that of the meridian component.To obtain higher accuracy and resolution of ocean gravity information,researchers have proposed a novel altimeter called the wide-swath altimeter.This altimeter allows for the simultaneous acquisition of high-precision and high-resolution two-dimensional measurements of sea surface height(SSH).In this paper,the Surface Water and Ocean Topography(SWOT)mission with a wide-swath altimeter on board is selected for research.One cycle of swoT sea surface height data is simulated to inverse the DOV in the Arabian Sea(45°E—80°E,0°-30°N),and the inversion results are compared with those of conventional altimeter data.The results demonstrate that the difference between the meridian and prime components derived from the inversion of swoT wide-swath data is minimal,significantly outperforming the inversion results of conventional nadir altimeter data.The advantage of swoT wide-swath altimeter lies in its ability to use the multi-directional geoid slope at any sea surface measurement point to invert the components in the meridian and prime directions.To investigate the impact of this advantage on inversion precision,this paper employs a method to calculate the gradient of the geoid in multiple directions to invert DoV components.The improvement effect of calculating the gradient of the geoid in multiple directions on the precision of DoV component is analyzed.It is found that the accuracy of DoV inversion has significantly improved with the increase of geodetic gradient calculation direction.In addition,the effects of various errors and grid spacing in SwoT wide sea surface height data on the precision of Dov inversion are also analyzed.

The Impact of Sustainable Development Strategies on Corporate Performance

Enterprises must develop and implement effective strategic measures to achieve sustainable development.This entails evaluating corporate performance,understanding the impact of sustainable development strategies on corporate performance,and implementing such strategies.The article proposes eight critical countermeasures to foster harmony and sustainable development among humanity,nature,the economy,and society:innovation-driven initiatives,green development practices,social responsibility initiatives,talent cultivation programs,collaborative cooperation efforts,sound financial management,brand-building endeavors,and effective information management.

Construction of Smart City Spatio-Temporal Information Cloud Platform in Weifang,China

On the basis of the digital Weifang geospatial framework,Smart Weifang spatio-temporal information cloud platform(WFCP)integrated legal person information,population,place name and address data,macroeconomic data and so on.And it also expanded the data contents,such as the indoor and outdoor data,the overground and underground data,panoramic data and real data.It also introduced the contents of historical geographical information in different periods and real-time location information,address information of sensing equipment,real-time perception and interpreting information.It has overcome the difficulties of real-time access of Internet of Things(IoT)perception,multi-node collaboration,64-bit support,cluster deployment and has the characteristics of spatio-temporal management,ondemand service,large data analysis and micro-service architecture.It built spatio-temporal information big data center and spatio-temporal information cloud platform,realized the convergence and management of the distributed big data,deeply applied for land,transportation,environmental protection,police and subdistrict five areas,by supporting the integrated application of multi-source information and supporting intelligent deep application.In the aspect of hardware environment construction,according to the top-level design and unified arrangement of Smart Weifang,the WFCP was migrated to Weifang cloud computing center,to achieve the on-demand computing resources and dynamic scheduling load-based computing resources,to support the generalizing load map application.

Chemical weathering profile in the V–Ti–Fe mine tailings pond:a basalt-weathering analog

The(ultra-)mafic mine tailings pond revealed a weathering discrepancy in the tailings profile,which provided a valuable analog to assess the role of carbonate and silicate weathering of the basalt.In this study,drill-cores samples were selected from the Wanniangou V–Ti–Fe mine tailings pond(Sichuan province,China)to investigate the mineralogicand geochemical characteristics in the tailings profile.The results reveal(1)the tailings pond profile consist of upper and lower layers.The upper layer is composed of carbonate weathering(1.4%),which was formed in the initial stages of tailings exposure and represented a minimal weathering degree.(2)The lower layer was primarily observed at the aquifer zone of the tailings pond,and was consistent with 0.45%carbonate weathering and 48.4%silicate weathering.(3)The weathering discrepancy in the tailings profile could be due to the sulfide oxidation and aerobic/flowing aquifer,which facilitate the water-tailings reactions.The tailings profile provides an analog to studying basalt weathering,as it spans both carbonate and silicate weathering.This research reinforces the idea that silicate weathering is predominant in basaltic areas and plays a crucial role in regulating atmospheric CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)levels on Earth.

Study on Mature Age of an Individual Quercus acutissima

Based on the study of parse wood materials,the fitting empirical equation of tree growth was obtained,a function with tree growth as a variable and time as an independent variable.Through mathematical operations such as function derivation,the mature age of tree growth was obtained,and the obtained mature age for the actual forest of Quercus acutissima was 66a.And the application,research directions and precautions of the mature ages were proposed.

Study on Differences in Quality Indices of Peanut Oil Obtained by Different Oil-making Processes

[Objectives]The differences in indices of different peanut oil were found out by analyzing the quality of peanut oil obtained by different oil-making processes.[Methods]The effects of different oil-making processes on the quality of peanut oil were analyzed and compared through the determination of the main physicochemical indices,V_(E) contents and fatty acid compositions of peanut oil obtained by cold pressing,hot pressing and leaching and refining.[Results]The leached refined peanut oil had the lightest color and the lightest fragrance;the hot-pressed peanut oil had the highest V_(E) content;the refractive index,relative density and main fatty acid compositions of the three kinds of peanut oil had no significant differences;and there were trans-fatty acids in the leached refined peanut oil,and the trans-fatty acid contents in the leached refined fresh and aged peanut oil were 1.90%and 4.39%,respectively.The trans-fatty acid content is expected to be a characteristic index to distinguish pressed peanut oil from leached refined peanut oil.[Conclusions]This study can provide a theoretical basis for distinguishing and identifying peanut oil obtained from different oil-making processes.

Cultivation Techniques of Qiuyue Pear in Shenxian County

According to the production experience,the author summarizes the cultivation techniques of Qiuyue pear from orchard construction,shaping and pruning,fruit management,underground management,coping with natural disasters,and pest control,in order to provide a reference for producers.

Fruit Safety Production Technology

The edible safety factor of fruit can be greatly improved by the following measures:avoiding industrial and mining pollution areas in orchard construction;reasonable shaping and trimming to maintain good light and ventilation conditions;strengthening soil,fertilizer and water management,and increasing the application of organic fertilizer to enhance the resistance of trees to bacterial infection;growing grass and mulching to avoid the exposure of soil surface and prevent the spread of harmful soil-derived bacteria;trapping pests and delaying their damage in the tree,to facilitate centralized killing;preventing and treating diseases and pests through biological and physical non-pharmaceutical means such as underplanting,solar insecticidal lamps,sex attractant,sweet and sour liquid,ozonizer,etc.;strengthening the use of mineral-based,plant-derived and biological agents,and reducing the use of chemical pesticides to avoid pesticide residues.

Finer-scale urban health risk assessment based on the interaction perspective of thermal radiation,human,activity,and space

Urban heat stress profoundly affects the health of residents.However,current research primarily focuses on quantifying the risk of urban heat based on LST,Ta,etc.,overlooking the crucial and intimate influence of continuous intense solar radiation on human thermal comfort and health.Simultaneously,there is a lack of smaller units to support more precise planning.This study utilized the radiant heat stress intensity(RHSI)metric concentrating on the intensity and duration of thermal radiation,to develop a thermal-radiation induced health risk(TIHR)assessment system.Leveraging technologies such as the SOLWEIG model,Python,BERT,and GIS enables precise calculations of 12 spatial indices,including RHSI and Weibo heat.This facilitates a more accurate assessment of health risks at the smallest urban units(blocks)and directly guides planning.The application of this workflow in the case of Suoyuwan,Dalian,China,confirms its value,as it can be used to determine which blocks should be prioritized for specific aspects of risk prevention and control.The results show that some blocks exhibited differences in TIHR even within close proximity,with disaster-causing factors varying according to locations.This study proposes a novel assessment framework based on the interactive perspective of thermal radiation-human-activity-space.

First wetland mapping at 10-m spatial resolution in South America using multi-source and multi-feature remote sensing data

Wetland degradation has been accelerating in recent years globally. Accurate information on the geographic distribution and categories of wetlands is essential for their conservation and management. Despite being the world′s fourth largest continent, South America has limited research on wetland mapping, and there is currently no available map that provides comprehensive information on wetland distribution and categories in the region. To address this issue, we used Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and SRTM data, developed a sample collection method and a wetland mapping method with a collection of multi-source features such as optical features, polarization features and shape features for South American wetlands. We produced a 10-m resolution wetland map based on the Google Earth Engine(GEE) platform. Our Level-1 wetland cover map accurately captured six wetland sub-categories with an overall accuracy of 96.24% and a kappa coefficient of 0.8649, while our Level-2 water cover map included five sub-categories with an overall accuracy of 97.23% and a kappa coefficient of0.9368. The results show that the total area of existing wetlands in South America is approximately 1,737,000 km~2, which is6.8% of the total land area. Among the ten wetland categories, shallow sea had the largest area(960,527.4 km~2), while aquaculture ponds had the smallest area 1513.6 km~2. Swamp had the second largest area(306,240.1 km~2). Brazil, Argentina,Venezuela, Bolivia, and Colombia were found to have the largest wetland areas, with Brazil and Colombia having the most diverse wetland categories. This product can serve as baseline data for subsequent monitoring, management, and conservation of South American wetlands.