Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly with major symptoms of a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities impairment which are serious enough to interfere with d...Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly with major symptoms of a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities impairment which are serious enough to interfere with daily life.While there is no treatment can prevent and revise the cognitive function impairment in AD,physical activity becomes a potential beneficia intervention for AD.Multiple evidences suggested that exercise in general plays beneficia roles in improving brain function.Most common mechanisms of exercise-induced enhancement of brain function are including alteration of neurogenesis,neuron plasticity,neuronal signaling and receptors,as well as neuronal networks.This mini review includes most recent clinical studies and focuses on the effects of physical exercise,cognitive stimulation,and combination of both physical and cognitive training on protection and rescue cognitive decline in people with AD.展开更多
Light adaptation enables the vertebrate visual system to operate over a wide range of ambient illumination.Regulation of phototransduction in photoreceptors is considered a major mechanism underlying light adaptation....Light adaptation enables the vertebrate visual system to operate over a wide range of ambient illumination.Regulation of phototransduction in photoreceptors is considered a major mechanism underlying light adaptation.However,various types of neurons and glial cells exist in the retina,and whether and how all retinal cells interact to adapt to light/dark conditions at the cellular and molecular levels requires systematic investigation.Therefore,we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect retinal cell-type-specific transcriptomes during light/dark adaptation in mice.The results demonstrated that,in addition to photoreceptors,other retinal cell types also showed dynamic molecular changes and specifically enriched signaling pathways under light/dark adaptation.Importantly,Müller glial cells(MGs)were identified as hub cells for intercellular interactions,displaying complex cell‒cell communication with other retinal cells.Furthermore,light increased the transcription of the deiodinase Dio2 in MGs,which converted thyroxine(T4)to active triiodothyronine(T3).Subsequently,light increased T3 levels and regulated mitochondrial respiration in retinal cells in response to light conditions.As cones specifically express the thyroid hormone receptor Thrb,they responded to the increase in T3 by adjusting light responsiveness.Loss of the expression of Dio2 specifically in MGs decreased the light responsive ability of cones.These results suggest that retinal cells display global transcriptional changes under light/dark adaptation and that MGs coordinate intercellular communication during light/dark adaptation via thyroid hormone signaling.展开更多
Dear Editor,Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious respiratory disease that continues to pose a serious global public health emergency.The disease shows a high infection rate,long incubation period,a...Dear Editor,Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious respiratory disease that continues to pose a serious global public health emergency.The disease shows a high infection rate,long incubation period,and rapidly emerging variants,which have led to its rapid spread worldwide(Krammer 2020).Many vaccines have been developed for the control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the virus responsible for COVID-19,including vaccines based on messenger RNA(mRNA)(Polack et al.2020),viral vectors(Zhu et al.2020),recombinant proteins(Yang et al.2020),and inactivated SARS-CoV-2(Zhang et al.2021).展开更多
Hereditary spastic paraplegia （HSP）, also known as familial spastic paraparesis or Stumpell-Lorrain disease, is a large group of inherited, heterogeneous neurologic disorders caused by the degeneration of corticosp...Hereditary spastic paraplegia （HSP）, also known as familial spastic paraparesis or Stumpell-Lorrain disease, is a large group of inherited, heterogeneous neurologic disorders caused by the degeneration of corticospinal axons. The prevalence is estimated at 3-10 cases per 100000 people in Europe, and is uncertain in other continents. Most patients have the same core features, which are characterized by spastic gait, lower limb hypertonicity, hyperreflexia, extensor-plantar responses, muscle weakness, and occasionally decreased vibration sense at the ankles, bladder dysfunction, pes cavus, or scoliosis.展开更多
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity,leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death.It is a major risk factor for chronic human dise...Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity,leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death.It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases,including cardiovascular disease,diabetes,neurological degeneration,and cancer.Therefore,the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences.In recent years,there has been unprecedented progress in aging research,particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes.In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases,we review the descriptive,conceptual,and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular,tissue,organ,organ system,and organismal levels.展开更多
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are largely responsible for the formation of tumor heterogeneity and tumor’s resistance to traditional treatments such as chemotherapy due to its self-renew capability and multi-lineage diffe...Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are largely responsible for the formation of tumor heterogeneity and tumor’s resistance to traditional treatments such as chemotherapy due to its self-renew capability and multi-lineage differentiation potential (1)However, it remains elusive how the CSCs maintain their stemness, thus restricting the development of therapeutic treatments specifically targeting the CSCs.展开更多
The construction of core-shell structure is an effective strategy for promoting the emission efficiency of upconversion nanocrystals(UCNCs). In this work, the UCNCs based on Nd-doping with a multilayer coreshell nanos...The construction of core-shell structure is an effective strategy for promoting the emission efficiency of upconversion nanocrystals(UCNCs). In this work, the UCNCs based on Nd-doping with a multilayer coreshell nanostructure are fabricated toward achieving efficient upconversion for 808 nm excitation, which have great potential for optical applications, especially photobiological applications.展开更多
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly with major symptoms of a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities impairment which are serious enough to interfere with daily life.While there is no treatment can prevent and revise the cognitive function impairment in AD,physical activity becomes a potential beneficia intervention for AD.Multiple evidences suggested that exercise in general plays beneficia roles in improving brain function.Most common mechanisms of exercise-induced enhancement of brain function are including alteration of neurogenesis,neuron plasticity,neuronal signaling and receptors,as well as neuronal networks.This mini review includes most recent clinical studies and focuses on the effects of physical exercise,cognitive stimulation,and combination of both physical and cognitive training on protection and rescue cognitive decline in people with AD.
基金supported by the National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China(2020YFA0509304 and 2021YFA0805300)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB39000000)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030034,32121002,and 81971123)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-C&T-B-012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YD9110002027)the Guangzhou Key Research Program on Brain Science(202007030008)。
文摘Light adaptation enables the vertebrate visual system to operate over a wide range of ambient illumination.Regulation of phototransduction in photoreceptors is considered a major mechanism underlying light adaptation.However,various types of neurons and glial cells exist in the retina,and whether and how all retinal cells interact to adapt to light/dark conditions at the cellular and molecular levels requires systematic investigation.Therefore,we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect retinal cell-type-specific transcriptomes during light/dark adaptation in mice.The results demonstrated that,in addition to photoreceptors,other retinal cell types also showed dynamic molecular changes and specifically enriched signaling pathways under light/dark adaptation.Importantly,Müller glial cells(MGs)were identified as hub cells for intercellular interactions,displaying complex cell‒cell communication with other retinal cells.Furthermore,light increased the transcription of the deiodinase Dio2 in MGs,which converted thyroxine(T4)to active triiodothyronine(T3).Subsequently,light increased T3 levels and regulated mitochondrial respiration in retinal cells in response to light conditions.As cones specifically express the thyroid hormone receptor Thrb,they responded to the increase in T3 by adjusting light responsiveness.Loss of the expression of Dio2 specifically in MGs decreased the light responsive ability of cones.These results suggest that retinal cells display global transcriptional changes under light/dark adaptation and that MGs coordinate intercellular communication during light/dark adaptation via thyroid hormone signaling.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB39000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YD9100002033)+1 种基金the Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei Brain Projectthe Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2308085QH265)。
基金supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB39000000 to T.X.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925009 to T.X.,81790644 to T.X.,81900855 to M.Z.,82000941 to D.T.)+3 种基金Jack Ma Foundation(2019-nCoV)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-013)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK5290000001 to Y.C.,WK5290000002 to Y.Y.,WK2090050048 to M.Z.,WK2070000174 to M.Z.)supported by the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1808085MH289 to M.Z.).Joint Laboratory of Innovation in Life Sciences from the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)and Changchun Zhuoyi Biological Co.Ltd.
文摘Dear Editor,Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious respiratory disease that continues to pose a serious global public health emergency.The disease shows a high infection rate,long incubation period,and rapidly emerging variants,which have led to its rapid spread worldwide(Krammer 2020).Many vaccines have been developed for the control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the virus responsible for COVID-19,including vaccines based on messenger RNA(mRNA)(Polack et al.2020),viral vectors(Zhu et al.2020),recombinant proteins(Yang et al.2020),and inactivated SARS-CoV-2(Zhang et al.2021).
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0112200,2016YFA0400900,and 2018YFA0801403)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16020603,XDB39000000,and XDB32060200)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925009,81790644,61890953,31322024,81371066,91432104,81900855,31900712,and 31800901)Guangdong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2019B030335001 and 2018B030338001)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1808085MH289 and 1908085MC66)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2070000174 and WK2090050048)。
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2006CB500700）, National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China （No. 2004AA227040）, National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China （No. 2004BA720A03）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30671151）, and Distinguished Youth Foundation of Hunan province （No. 2007JJ 1005）.
文摘Hereditary spastic paraplegia （HSP）, also known as familial spastic paraparesis or Stumpell-Lorrain disease, is a large group of inherited, heterogeneous neurologic disorders caused by the degeneration of corticospinal axons. The prevalence is estimated at 3-10 cases per 100000 people in Europe, and is uncertain in other continents. Most patients have the same core features, which are characterized by spastic gait, lower limb hypertonicity, hyperreflexia, extensor-plantar responses, muscle weakness, and occasionally decreased vibration sense at the ankles, bladder dysfunction, pes cavus, or scoliosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871380,32000500,32070730,32170756,32170804,81330008,81671377,81725010,81725010,81872874,81921006,81922027,81971312,81991512,82030041,82103167,82122024,82125009,82125011,82130044,91749126,91949101,91949207,92049302)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0506400,2018YFA0800200,2018YFA0800700,2018YFA0900200,2018YFC2000100,2018YFC2000400,2018YFE-0203700,20192ACB70002,2019YFA0802202,2020YFA0113400,2020YFA0803401,2020YFA0804000,2020YFC2002800,2020YFC-2002900,2021ZD0202401)+11 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16010100,XDA16010603,XDA16020400,XDB29020000,XDB39000000,XDB39000000,XDB39030300)the China Association for Science and Technology(2021QNRC001)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z200022)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21JC1406400)the Key Programs of the Jiangxi ProvinceChina(20192ACB70002)the“Shu Guang”Project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation(19SG18)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1434300)the Research Project of Joint Laboratory of University of Science and Technology of China and Anhui Mental Health Center(2019LH03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2070210004)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20210002)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022083)。
文摘Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity,leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death.It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases,including cardiovascular disease,diabetes,neurological degeneration,and cancer.Therefore,the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences.In recent years,there has been unprecedented progress in aging research,particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes.In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases,we review the descriptive,conceptual,and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular,tissue,organ,organ system,and organismal levels.
基金supported by National Key Scientific Program of China (2016YFA0100502 to X.S.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81701765 to J.C.)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1808085MH295 to J.C.)
文摘Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are largely responsible for the formation of tumor heterogeneity and tumor’s resistance to traditional treatments such as chemotherapy due to its self-renew capability and multi-lineage differentiation potential (1)However, it remains elusive how the CSCs maintain their stemness, thus restricting the development of therapeutic treatments specifically targeting the CSCs.
基金financially supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2020YFA0406103,2017YFA0207301),NSFC (Nos.21725102,91961106,U1832156,22075267)Science and Technological Fund of Anhui Province for Outstanding Youth (No.2008085J05)+3 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (No.2019444)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.BH2340000099,BH2340000138)Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS (No.2020HSC-UE003)support from USTC Center for Micro- and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication。
文摘The construction of core-shell structure is an effective strategy for promoting the emission efficiency of upconversion nanocrystals(UCNCs). In this work, the UCNCs based on Nd-doping with a multilayer coreshell nanostructure are fabricated toward achieving efficient upconversion for 808 nm excitation, which have great potential for optical applications, especially photobiological applications.
