Monoamine neurotransmitters include catecholamines and indoleamines. The most common catecholamines are do- pamine （DA）, noradrenaline （NA） and adrenaline, which are produced from phenylalanine and tyrosine; where...Monoamine neurotransmitters include catecholamines and indoleamines. The most common catecholamines are do- pamine （DA）, noradrenaline （NA） and adrenaline, which are produced from phenylalanine and tyrosine; whereas the most common indoleamine is serotonin （5-hydroxytrypta mine, 5-HT）, which is produced from 5-hydroxytryptophan （5-HTP）.展开更多
Monoamine neurotransmitters play an important role in the modulation of sensory, motor and autonomic functions in the spinal cord. Although traditionally it is believed that in mammalian spinal cord, monoamine neurotr...Monoamine neurotransmitters play an important role in the modulation of sensory, motor and autonomic functions in the spinal cord. Although traditionally it is believed that in mammalian spinal cord, monoamine neurotransmitters mainly originate from the brain, accumulating evidence indicates that especially when the spinal cord is injured, they can also be produced in the spinal cord. In this review, I will present evidence for a possible pathway for two-step synthesis of dopamine and serotonin in the spinal cord. Published data from different sources and unpublished data from my own ongoing projects indicate that monoenzymatic cells expressing aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase（AADC）, tyrosine hydroxylase（TH） or tryptophan hydroxylase（TPH） are present in the spinal cord and that these TH and THP cells often lie in close proximity to AADC cells. Prompted by the above evidence, I hypothesize that dopamine and serotonin could be synthesized sequentially in two monoenzymatic cells in the spinal cord via a TH-AADC and a TPH-AADC cascade respectively. The monoamines synthesized through this pathway may compensate for lost neurotransmitters following spinal cord injury and also may play specific roles in the recovery of sensory, motor and autonomic functions.展开更多
基金supported by the Lundbeck Foundationthe Danish Multiple Sclerosis Foundationthe Danish Medical Research Council
文摘Monoamine neurotransmitters include catecholamines and indoleamines. The most common catecholamines are do- pamine （DA）, noradrenaline （NA） and adrenaline, which are produced from phenylalanine and tyrosine; whereas the most common indoleamine is serotonin （5-hydroxytrypta mine, 5-HT）, which is produced from 5-hydroxytryptophan （5-HTP）.
基金supported by the Crafoord Foundationthe Lundbeck Foundationthe Danish Medical Research Council
文摘Monoamine neurotransmitters play an important role in the modulation of sensory, motor and autonomic functions in the spinal cord. Although traditionally it is believed that in mammalian spinal cord, monoamine neurotransmitters mainly originate from the brain, accumulating evidence indicates that especially when the spinal cord is injured, they can also be produced in the spinal cord. In this review, I will present evidence for a possible pathway for two-step synthesis of dopamine and serotonin in the spinal cord. Published data from different sources and unpublished data from my own ongoing projects indicate that monoenzymatic cells expressing aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase（AADC）, tyrosine hydroxylase（TH） or tryptophan hydroxylase（TPH） are present in the spinal cord and that these TH and THP cells often lie in close proximity to AADC cells. Prompted by the above evidence, I hypothesize that dopamine and serotonin could be synthesized sequentially in two monoenzymatic cells in the spinal cord via a TH-AADC and a TPH-AADC cascade respectively. The monoamines synthesized through this pathway may compensate for lost neurotransmitters following spinal cord injury and also may play specific roles in the recovery of sensory, motor and autonomic functions.
