An Investigation into Forced Convection of a Nanofluid Flowing in a Rectangular Microchannel under the Influence of a Magnetic Field

In line with recent studies,where it has been shown that nanofluids containing graphene have a stronger capacity to boost the heat transfer coefficient with respect to ordinary nanofluids,experiments have been conducted using water with cobalt ferrite/graphene nanoparticles.In particular,a circular channel made of copper subjected to a constant heatflux has been considered.As nanoparticles are sensitive to the presence of a magneticfield,different conditions have been examined,allowing both the strength and the frequency of such afield to span relatively wide ranges and assuming different concentrations of nanoparticles.According to thefindings,the addition of nanoparticles to thefluid causes its rotation speed to increase by a factor of two,whereas ultraviolet radiation plays a negligible role.The amount of time required to attain the maximum rotation speed of the nanofluid and the Nusselt number have been measured under both constant and alternating magneticfields for a ferrofluid with a concentration of 0.5%and atflow Reynolds number of 550 and 1750.

Central Aggregator Intrusion Detection System for Denial of Service Attacks

Vehicle-to-grid technology is an emerging field that allows unused power from Electric Vehicles(EVs)to be used by the smart grid through the central aggregator.Since the central aggregator is connected to the smart grid through a wireless network,it is prone to cyber-attacks that can be detected and mitigated using an intrusion detection system.However,existing intrusion detection systems cannot be used in the vehicle-to-grid network because of the special requirements and characteristics of the vehicle-to-grid network.In this paper,the effect of denial-of-service attacks of malicious electric vehicles on the central aggregator of the vehicle-to-grid network is investigated and an intrusion detection system for the vehicle-to-grid network is proposed.The proposed system,central aggregator–intrusion detection system(CA-IDS),works as a security gateway for EVs to analyze andmonitor incoming traffic for possible DoS attacks.EVs are registered with a Central Aggregator(CAG)to exchange authenticated messages,and malicious EVs are added to a blacklist for violating a set of predefined policies to limit their interaction with the CAG.A denial of service(DoS)attack is simulated at CAG in a vehicle-to-grid(V2G)network manipulating various network parameters such as transmission overhead,receiving capacity of destination,average packet size,and channel availability.The proposed system is compared with existing intrusion detection systems using different parameters such as throughput,jitter,and accuracy.The analysis shows that the proposed system has a higher throughput,lower jitter,and higher accuracy as compared to the existing schemes.

Does financial development moderate the link between technological innovation and environmental indicators?An advanced panel analysis

This study analyzes the role of financial development(FD)on the impact of technologi-cal innovation(TI)on six environmental quality indicators for the 25 economies that are part of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development for the period from 2000 to 2019.We use a two-step dynamic generalized method of moments approach to understand this relationship.The results show that FD augments the posi-tive effects of TI on four of the six environmental indicators,namely ecological foot-print,adjusted net savings,pressure on nature,and environmental performance.However,no significant effects on environmental sustainability and environmental vulnerability indices were found.When considering all of the environmental quality indicators,TI appears to enhance environmental quality.We find evidence to support the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve in the context of each environmen-tal indicator and economic growth.Moreover,FD and energy consumption appear to accelerate environmental degradation.Based on these results,FD should be viewed as an important parameter in designing policies for innovation to achieve the goal of net-zero carbon emissions.Highlights.Technological innovation and environmental quality nexus is studied.The moderating role of financial development is analyzed.Six different environmental quality indicators are used for OECD countries.Financial development intensifies the environmental benefits of innovation.•The EKC hypothesis is confirmed for all six environmental indicators.

Mathematical modeling of mixed convective MHD Falkner-Skan squeezed Sutterby multiphase flow with non-Fourier heat flux theory and porosity

In a wide variety of mechanical and industrial applications,e.g.,space cooling,nuclear reactor cooling,medicinal utilizations(magnetic drug targeting),energy generation,and heat conduction in tissues,the heat transfer phenomenon is involved.Fourier’s law of heat conduction has been used as the foundation for predicting the heat transfer behavior in a variety of real-world contexts.This model’s production of a parabolic energy expression,which means that an initial disturbance would immediately affect the system under investigation,is one of its main drawbacks.Therefore,numerous researchers worked on such problem to resolve this issue.At last,this problem was resolved by Cattaneo by adding relaxation time for heat flux in Fourier’s law,which was defined as the time required to establish steady heat conduction once a temperature gradient is imposed.Christov offered a material invariant version of Cattaneo’s model by taking into account the upper-connected derivative of the Oldroyd model.Nowadays,both models are combinedly known as the Cattaneo-Christov(CC)model.In this attempt,the mixed convective MHD Falkner-Skan Sutterby nanofluid flow is addressed towards a wedge surface in the presence of the variable external magnetic field.The CC model is incorporated instead of Fourier’s law for the examination of heat transfer features in the energy expression.A two-phase nanofluid model is utilized for the implementation of nano-concept.The nonlinear system of equations is tackled through the bvp4c technique in the MATLAB software 2016.The influence of pertinent flow parameters is discussed and displayed through different sketches.Major and important results are summarized in the conclusion section.Furthermore,in both cases of wall-through flow(i.e.,suction and injection effects),the porosity parameters increase the flow speed,and decrease the heat transport and the influence of drag forces.

New wormhole model with quasi-periodic oscillations exhibiting conformal motion in f(T,T)gravity

This analysis explores the new wormhole(WH)solution in the background of teleparallel gravity with minimal matter coupling.To complete this study,we consider the conformal symmetry with non-zero Killing vectors.The exact shape function is computed by considering the linear equation of state with the phantom regime.The energy conditions are investigated for the calculated shape function with the equation of state parameter.The presence of exotic matter is confirmed due to the violation of the null energy condition.The current study also explores the physical properties of the epicyclic frequencies with quasi-periodic oscillations.In the astrophysical,epicyclic frequencies are extensively employed to explore the self-gravitating system.It is concluded that a stable WH solution is acceptable for WH geometry.

Thermal analysis and Joule-Thomson expansion of black hole exhibiting metric-affine gravity

This study examines a recently hypothesized black hole,which is a perfect solution of metric-affine gravity with a positive cosmological constant,and its thermodynamic features as well as the Joule-Thomson expansion.We develop some thermodynamical quantities,such as volume,Gibbs free energy,and heat capacity,using the entropy and Hawking temperature.We also examine the first law of thermodynamics and thermal fluctuations,which might eliminate certain black hole instabilities.In this regard,a phase transition from unstable to stable is conceivable when the first law order corrections are present.In addition,we study the efficiency of this system as a heat engine and the effect of metric-affine gravity for the physical parameters q_(e),q_(m),κ_(s),κ_(d),and κ_(sh).Further,we study the Joule-Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature,and observe the isenthalpic curves in the Ti−Pi plane.In metric-affine gravity,a comparison is made between a van der Waals fluid and a black hole to study their similarities and differences.

Exploring the shadow of a rotating charged ModMax black hole

The research presented in this paper discusses the impact that the parameters of charge(Q)and screening factor(γ)have on properties of the horizon and silhouette of rotating charged Mod Max black holes which were reviewed in[Eur.Phys.J.C(2022)82:1155]recently,building upon previous findings in the field.Furthermore,the study explores the behavior of null geodesics,which can help us better understand the apparent shape of the black hole’s silhouette,as well as the distortion parameter and approximate radii of the silhouette that are influenced by the aforementioned parameters,and there are some values of parameter Q which corresponds to data from the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT).Notably,we explore the distortion parameter and approximate radii of the silhouette,revealing that while an increase inγleads to a growth in silhouette radius(Rs),it simultaneously reduces the distortion rate(δs).Conversely,heightened Q charge results in a reduction of Rsaccompanied by an increase inδs.Lastly,the paper analyzes the effects of the black hole’s parameters on the effective potential and energy emission:the peak value of the energy emission rate experiences a decrease as the screening factor(γ)increases,while it increases with higher values of the charge parameter(Q).

Shadow and weak gravitational lensing for Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole

In this study,we investigated the gravitational weak lensing and shadow of the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole.First,we studied the photon motion in a plasma medium and a wormhole shadow.It was shown that the radius of the photon sphere of the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole and the size of the wormhole shadow become larger under the influence of the parameter a.The upper limit of the parameter a in the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole spacetime was obtained.Second,we investigated the weak gravitational lensing for the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole and calculated the deflection angle for uniform and non uniform plasma cases.The value of the deflection angle for uniform plasma increased with the increase in plasma parameter value,and vice versa for non uniform plasma.We found that,under the influence of the parameter a,the values of the deflection angles for two cases decreased.Finally,we investigated the magnification of image brightness using the deflection angle of the light rays around the wormhole in the EllisBronnikov theory.

Radiation properties of the accretion disk around a black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory

In this study,we explore the properties of a non-rotating black hole in the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar(EMS)theory and investigate the luminosity of the accretion disk surrounding it.We determine all the orbital parameters of particles in the accretion disk,including the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO)with angular velocity,angular momentum,and energy.Further,we study the radiative efficiency for different values of black hole parameters.Finally,we analyze the flux,differential luminosity,and temperature of the accretion disk.

Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma in rodents:A narrative review

Glaucoma,an irreversible optic neuropathy,primarily affects retinal ganglion cells(RGC)and causes vision loss and blindness.The damage to RGCs in glaucoma occurs by various mechanisms,including elevated intraocular pressure,oxidative stress,inflammation,and other neurodegenerative processes.As the disease progresses,the loss of RGCs leads to vision loss.Therefore,protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival are important goals in managing glaucoma.In this regard,resveratrol(RES),a polyphenolic phytoalexin,exerts antioxidant effects and slows down the evolution and progression of glaucoma.The present review shows that RES plays a protective role in RGCs in cases of ischemic injury and hypoxia as well as in ErbB2 protein expression in the retina.Additionally,RES plays protective roles in RGCs by promoting cell growth,reducing apoptosis,and decreasing oxidative stress in H_(2)O_(2)-exposed RGCs.RES was also found to inhibit oxidative stress damage in RGCs and suppress the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.RES could alleviate retinal function impairment by suppressing the hypoxia-i nducible factor-1 alpha/vascular endothelial growth factor and p38/p53 axes while stimulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.Therefore,RES might exert potential therapeutic effects for managing glaucoma by protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival.

Evolution of microstructure and mechanical characteristics of(CrFeNiCu)_(100-x)Ti_(x)high-entropy alloys

Cr Fe Ni Cu)_(100-x)Ti_(x)(x=0,3,5,7 and 10;at%)high-entropy alloys have been designed by the consideration of the thermophysical relationship between Ti and other principal elements to investigate the influence of Ti on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of(CrFeNiCu)_(100-x)Ti_(x)high-entropy alloys.The addition of Ti content in HEAs leads to a change in phase formation from dual-phase(FCC1 and FCC2,FCC:face-centered cubic)to the mixture of FCC1,FCC2 phases,and an additional body-centered cubic(BCC)phase.The yield strength and Vickers hardness of the alloys are enhanced from 291 to 1511 MPa and HV 134 to HV 531,respectively,which depends strongly on the volume fraction of BCC phase.On the one hand,the plasticity of the alloys reduces from 45.00%to 24.09%,but it could be considered reasonable plasticity.These results revealed that the addition of a minor alloying element in high-entropy alloys with consideration of thermophysical parameters led to the formation of a multiple solid solution structure with excellent mechanical properties.

Probing Horava-Lifshitz gravity using particle and photon dynamics in the presence of plasma

We study the particle motion around a black hole(BH)in Horava-Lifshitz(HL)gravity with the Kehagias-Sfetsos(KS)parameter.First,the innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO)is obtained for massive particles around the BH in HL gravity.We find that the radii of the ISCOs decrease as the KS parameter decreases,meaning that the parameterΩcauses the orbits of particles to move inward with respect to that of the Schwarzschild BH case.Then,the optical properties of a KS BH are studied in detail,that is,the BH shadow and gravitational weak lensing.We demonstrate that the size of the BH shadow decreases under the influence of the KS parameter.

Particle dynamics,black hole shadow and weak gravitational lensing in the f(Q)theory of gravity

We study the particle dynamics around a black hole(BH)in f(Q)gravity.First,we investigate the influence of the parameters of f(Q)gravity on the horizon structure of the BH,photon orbits and the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO)of massive particles.We further study the effects of the parameters of f(Q)gravity on the shadow cast by the BH.Moreover,we consider weak gravitational lensing using the general method,where we also explore the deflection angle of light rays around the BH in f(Q)gravity in uniform and nonuniform plasma mediums.

Predicting rice diseases using advanced technologies at different scales: present status and future perspectives

The past few years have witnessed significant progress in emerging disease detection techniques foraccurately and rapidly tracking rice diseases and predicting potential solutions. In this review we focuson image processing techniques using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models related tomulti-scale rice diseases. Furthermore, we summarize applications of different detection techniques,including genomic, physiological, and biochemical approaches. In addition, we also present the state-ofthe-art in contemporary optical sensing applications of pathogen–plant interaction phenotypes. Thisreview serves as a valuable resource for researchers seeking effective solutions to address the challenges of high-throughput data and model recognition for early detection of issues affecting rice cropsthrough ML and DL models.

Information technology,business sustainability and female economic participation in sub-Saharan Africa

This study assesses,from the perspective of financial stability,how business/financial sustainability,moderates the influence of information technology on female economic participation in 49 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2008e2018.The empirical evidence is based on Tobit regression,which accounted for the censored nature of the outcome variables.The following important findings were obtained:First,ICT(information and communications technology)dynamics(mobile phone penetration,internet penetration,and fixed broadband subscriptions)are consistently moderated by business sustainability to positively affect female employment.Second,business sustainability scores must exceed certain thresholds before moderating fixed broadband subscriptions to induce favorable overall effects on female employment,female labor force participation,and female unemployment rates.The positive effects on female employment and labor force participation is ascertained by the thresholds of 18.742 and 19.505 Zscores,respectively and a Z-score of 17.300 for the negative impact on female unemployment.The thresholds that should be exceeded are within policy reach,make economic sense,and are policy-relevant.This study contributes to the extant literature by providing actionable thresholds for business sustainability that can be employed by policy makers such that information technology positively influences female economic inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Photon motion and weak gravitational lensing in black-bounce spacetime

The effect of spacetime curvature on photon motion may offer an opportunity to propose new tests on gravity theories.In this study,we investigate and focus on the massless(photon)particle motion around blackbounce gravity.We analyze the horizon structure around a gravitational compact object described by black-bounce spacetime.The photon motion and the effect of gravitational weak lensing in vacuum and plasma are discussed,and the shadow radius of the compact object is also studied in black-bounce spacetime.Additionally,the magnification of the image is studied using the deflection angle of light rays.

Fungal diversity notes 1611-1716: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on fungal genera and species emphasis in south China

This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.

Test particles and quasiperiodic oscillations around Kiselev black hole with cloud of strings

In the present study,we investigate the dynamics of test particles around a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence and immersed in a scalar string cloud field.We start our study by defining the possible values of the quintessence and cloud of string parameters corresponding to the existence of the black hole horizon for fixed values of the parameters of the equation of state for dark energy.We also study the effects of the effective potential on the circular motion,energy,and angular momentum of the test particles together with the innermost stable circular orbits(ISCOs).We investigate the fundamental frequencies in the particle oscillations along stable circular orbits.We relate the stability of the orbits to the Lyapunov exponent,and the chaotic behavior is studied graphically.Finally,we apply the fundamental frequencies to describe quasiperiodic oscillations(QPOs)and find that,in the presence of both fields,low-frequency twin-peak QPOs are not observed.In addition,we obtain the constraint values for the string cloud parameter and mass of the black hole candidates located in the center of the microquasars GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915+105 as well as the Milky Way galaxy.