The Fourth Symposium of Grand Challenges on HIV was held on December 28,2023,in Beijing,China.Fu-Sheng Wang(the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease)and Zhang Linqi(Tsinghua University School of Me...The Fourth Symposium of Grand Challenges on HIV was held on December 28,2023,in Beijing,China.Fu-Sheng Wang(the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease)and Zhang Linqi(Tsinghua University School of Medicine),as the chairpersons of the conference,organized this meeting.At the conference,almost all famous top scientists and clinicians in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)from China(Figure 1)were invited to present and discuss the most recent advances in the science of a cure for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and share new technologies,new therapies and new achievements,and hoping to make major breakthroughs in AIDS intervention and AIDS functional cure.展开更多
Antibody response plays a critical role in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression[1–3].As the current COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage around the world,there is growing concern th...Antibody response plays a critical role in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression[1–3].As the current COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage around the world,there is growing concern that new SARS-CoV-2 variants may emerge that are antigenically distinct from the prototype strain,rendering the current antibody and vaccine strategies ineffective[4–15].展开更多
HIV,the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),can integrate into the genome of host cells and form latent reservoirs,making it undetectable by the immune system.Two studies published in Nature in ...HIV,the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),can integrate into the genome of host cells and form latent reservoirs,making it undetectable by the immune system.Two studies published in Nature in January 2020 reported a'shock and kill*strategy that aimed to activate the transcription of the latent reservoirs and render infected cells vulnerable to elimination by the immune system.Both study groups described interventions that were the most effective activation to date and were also reproducible.Nixon et al.used a drug called AZD5582 to activate the transcription of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-/cB),a major inducer of HIV-1 gene expression[1]McBrien et al.combined two immunological interventions by first depleting CD8 T cells(immune cells that reduce the level of viral transcription)followed by treatment with a drug called N-803,which activated HIV-1 transcription[2].In addition to these advances,these two studies also demonstrated the conceptual and technical challenges of pharmacological latency reversal.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection creates a persistent latent reservoir even after antiretroviral therapy,which is the main barrier to HIV cure.One of the most explored strategies is the use of latent reve...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection creates a persistent latent reservoir even after antiretroviral therapy,which is the main barrier to HIV cure.One of the most explored strategies is the use of latent reversal agents(LRAs)to activate HIV latent reservoirs,followed by immunotherapy to remove infected cells.Immunomodulatory LRAs have the dual advantage of activating viral latency and promoting immune cell elimination of HIV-infected cells.The emergence of novel immunotherapies has also enhanced the possibility ofHIV clearance.Here we review the activity and potential mechanisms of immunomodulatory agonists and immunotherapies.The possible combinational strategies to achieve HIV functional cure and the problems encountered using this approach are discussed.展开更多
文摘The Fourth Symposium of Grand Challenges on HIV was held on December 28,2023,in Beijing,China.Fu-Sheng Wang(the National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease)and Zhang Linqi(Tsinghua University School of Medicine),as the chairpersons of the conference,organized this meeting.At the conference,almost all famous top scientists and clinicians in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)from China(Figure 1)were invited to present and discuss the most recent advances in the science of a cure for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and share new technologies,new therapies and new achievements,and hoping to make major breakthroughs in AIDS intervention and AIDS functional cure.
基金supported by the National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China(2020YFC0849900 and 2021YFC0864500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92169205).
文摘Antibody response plays a critical role in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression[1–3].As the current COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage around the world,there is growing concern that new SARS-CoV-2 variants may emerge that are antigenically distinct from the prototype strain,rendering the current antibody and vaccine strategies ineffective[4–15].
文摘HIV,the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),can integrate into the genome of host cells and form latent reservoirs,making it undetectable by the immune system.Two studies published in Nature in January 2020 reported a'shock and kill*strategy that aimed to activate the transcription of the latent reservoirs and render infected cells vulnerable to elimination by the immune system.Both study groups described interventions that were the most effective activation to date and were also reproducible.Nixon et al.used a drug called AZD5582 to activate the transcription of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-/cB),a major inducer of HIV-1 gene expression[1]McBrien et al.combined two immunological interventions by first depleting CD8 T cells(immune cells that reduce the level of viral transcription)followed by treatment with a drug called N-803,which activated HIV-1 transcription[2].In addition to these advances,these two studies also demonstrated the conceptual and technical challenges of pharmacological latency reversal.
基金funded by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.D17110700050000).
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-1 infection creates a persistent latent reservoir even after antiretroviral therapy,which is the main barrier to HIV cure.One of the most explored strategies is the use of latent reversal agents(LRAs)to activate HIV latent reservoirs,followed by immunotherapy to remove infected cells.Immunomodulatory LRAs have the dual advantage of activating viral latency and promoting immune cell elimination of HIV-infected cells.The emergence of novel immunotherapies has also enhanced the possibility ofHIV clearance.Here we review the activity and potential mechanisms of immunomodulatory agonists and immunotherapies.The possible combinational strategies to achieve HIV functional cure and the problems encountered using this approach are discussed.
