Monitoring the ocean shore continuously in real-time is essential for important applications like port security,coastal surveillance,assistance in navigation etc.This needs a high data rate for the transmis-sion of da...Monitoring the ocean shore continuously in real-time is essential for important applications like port security,coastal surveillance,assistance in navigation etc.This needs a high data rate for the transmis-sion of data from underwater nodes to the surface.Acoustic communication is the traditional approach for underwater networks and offers long-range communication.However,the achievable data rate using acoustic communication is in the order of kbps only.Radio frequency(RF)based communication per-forms better than acoustic communication and provides a data rate of up to 100 Mbps in an underwater environment.Nonetheless,due to high propagation loss,the communication range using RF is limited to a few meters.More importantly,the underwater nodes are battery-operated and recharging the bat-tery is difficult.Therefore,it is imperative that underwater RF networks are analyzed using an accurate energy model for its deployment and management.This requires that the underwater network is prop-erly modeled.In this work,a cluster-based three-dimensional(3D)architecture for underwater networks using RF communication is proposed.Importantly,the energy-based throughput of the 3D architecture using multi-hop communication,3D E-CRUSE,is obtained using a mathematical model.The throughput is then observed for various water environments,various parameters and the results are compared to the existing two-dimensional architecture.It is observed that the throughput of the proposed 3D architecture is up to 3 times more than the 2D architecture.展开更多
文摘Monitoring the ocean shore continuously in real-time is essential for important applications like port security,coastal surveillance,assistance in navigation etc.This needs a high data rate for the transmis-sion of data from underwater nodes to the surface.Acoustic communication is the traditional approach for underwater networks and offers long-range communication.However,the achievable data rate using acoustic communication is in the order of kbps only.Radio frequency(RF)based communication per-forms better than acoustic communication and provides a data rate of up to 100 Mbps in an underwater environment.Nonetheless,due to high propagation loss,the communication range using RF is limited to a few meters.More importantly,the underwater nodes are battery-operated and recharging the bat-tery is difficult.Therefore,it is imperative that underwater RF networks are analyzed using an accurate energy model for its deployment and management.This requires that the underwater network is prop-erly modeled.In this work,a cluster-based three-dimensional(3D)architecture for underwater networks using RF communication is proposed.Importantly,the energy-based throughput of the 3D architecture using multi-hop communication,3D E-CRUSE,is obtained using a mathematical model.The throughput is then observed for various water environments,various parameters and the results are compared to the existing two-dimensional architecture.It is observed that the throughput of the proposed 3D architecture is up to 3 times more than the 2D architecture.
