Association of TNF-α-238G/A and 308 G/A Gene Polymorphisms with Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Patients with Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

Objectives Tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） may play an important role in host＇s immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tuberculosis） infection. This study was to investigate the association of TNF-α gene polymorphism with pulmonary tuberculosis （TB） among patients with coal worker＇s pneumoconiosis （CWP）. Methods A case-control study was conducted in 113 patients with confirmed CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and 113 non-TB controls with CWP. They were matched in gender, age, job, and stage of pneumoconiosis. All participants were interviewed with questionnaires and their blood specimens were collected for genetic determination with informed consent. The TNF-α gene polymorphism was determined with polymerase chain reaction of restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP）. Frequency of genotypes was assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by chi-square test or Fisher＇s exact probability. Factors influencing the association of individual susceptibility with pulmonary TB were evaluated with logistic regression analysis. Gene-environment interaction was evaluated by a multiplieative model with combined OR. All data were analyzed using SAS version 8.2 software. Results No significant difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 genotype was found between CWP complicated with pulmonary TB and non-TB controls （2,2=5.44, P=-0.07）. But difference in frequency of the TNF-α-308 A allele was identified between them （2,2-5.14, P=0.02）. No significant difference in frequencies of the TNF-α-238 genotype and allele （P=0.23 and P=0.09, respectively） was found between cases and controls either, with combined （GG and AA） OR of 3.96 （95% confidence interval of 1.30-12.09） at the -308 locus of the TNF-α gene, as compared to combination of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GG genotypes. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of the TNF-α-238 GG and TNF-α-308 GA genotypes was 1.98 （95% CI of 1.06-3.71） for risk for pulmonary TB in patients with CWP. There was a synergic interaction between the TNF-a-308 GG genotype and body mass index （OR=4.92）, as well as an interaction between the TNF-α-308 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or history of TB exposure. And, the interaction of the TNF-α-238 GG genotype and history of BCG immunization or TB exposure with risk for pulmonary TB in them was also indicated. Conclusions TNF-α-308 A allele is associated with an elevated risk for pulmonary TB, whereas TNF-α-238 A allele was otherwise.

环氧化酶2启动子区遗传变异及其与胃癌发病风险的关系

目的 筛查环氧化酶2（COX-2）启动子区遗传变异并探讨其与胃癌发病风险的关系。方法 以单链构象多态及测序的方法筛查COX-2启动子区遗传变异，以PCR-限制性片断长度多态性方法对筛查到的变异在323例胃癌患者和646名健康对照中进行基因分型。以logistic回归计算比值比（OR）及其95％可信区限（CI）。单体型由Haplo．stat软件构建。结果 筛查到COX-2启动子区3个单核苷酸变异，即一1290A〉G、-1195G〉A和-765G〉C。-1290AG、-1195AA和-765CG基因型与胃癌风险增高相关，OR分别为1．64（95％CI1.03-2．61）、2．68（95％CI1．65-4．33）和2．66（95％CI1．53-4．64）。单体型分析结果显示，与A_1290^-G-1195^-G-765单体型比较，A_1290-A_1195^-C-765单体型发生胃癌的风险较高，OR为11．80（95％CI2．43-57．25）。结论 COX-2启动子区遗传变异与胃癌易感性相关。

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因遗传变异与肺癌

目的探讨亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态与肺癌风险的关系。方法以聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性分析方法检测505例肺癌患者和500名正常对照者MTHFRC677T和A1298C基因型;用EH软件构建了这两个多态的单体型;以比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(CI)比较不同基因型的肺癌相对风险度。结果C677T突变等位基因频率在肺癌患者和正常对照者中的分布差异具有显著性(53.5%vs44.9%,P<0.001)。与MTHFR677CC基因型比较,677CT和TT基因型患肺癌的风险分别增加1.43(95%CI?1.04～1.95)和2.40(95%CI?1.61～3.59)倍。MTHFR基因677T-1298A单体型频率在病例组和对照组中分布差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。未发现MTHFRA1298C基因多态与肺癌风险相关。结论MTHFR基因变异可增加患肺癌的风险。

Hippocampal activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase,protein kinase B,and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in a chronic stress rat model of depression

Recent studies have shown that varied stress stimuli activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）, protein kinase B （Akt）, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38） signal transduction pathway, and also regulate various apoptotic cascades. JNK and p38 promote apoptosis, but Akt protects against apoptosis, in hippocampal neurons. However, changes in the transduction pathway in different regions of brain tissues in a chronic stress rat model of depression remain poorly understood. Results from this study showed that JNK phosphorylation levels were significantly greater in the stress group hippocampus compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. No significant difference in JNK phosphorylation levels was detected in the rat cerebral cortex between stress and control groups, and no significant difference in Akt and p38 phosphorylation levels was detected in the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex between stress and control groups （P 〉 0.05）. These results suggested that the JNK signal pathway is activated by JNK phosphorylation and participates in pathophysiological changes in rat models of depression.

Similarity Reductions and Painlevé Property of Coupled KdV Equations

用 Ablowitz Ramani Segur 算法，当模型的类似减小被使用 Clarkson 和 Kruskal 的直接方法获得时，联合 KdV 系统是在 Painlev é integrable 感觉下面的 reclassified。包括有为二层液体的不同分散关系的一个模型的 Painlev é integrable 模型的一些新类型被发现。

Comparison of Three Methods of Protein Extraction from Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus for Two-dimensional Electrophoresis

Objective To explore an effective method of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus protein extraction suitable for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis. Methods The extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were prepared with Coca's solution, lysis buffer of 2-DE, and Trizol reagent, respectively. Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay was used to determine the total protein concentration of the samples. The efficiency of different protein extraction methods were evaluated with 2-DE analysis. Results The concentrations of extracted protein by methods of Coca's solution, lysis buffer, and Trizol reagent were 0.63 g/L,0.90 g/L,and 0.80 g/L, respectively. The 2-DE analysis results showed that some protein spots in low molecular weight (LMW) range could be detected with the Coca's solution method. With the lysis buffer of 2-DE method, more protein spots in LMW range could be detected, while the medium molecular weight (MMW) protein spots were absent. Several MMW protein spots (174-178 kD and 133 kD) and more LMW protein spots were detected with Trizol reagent method. Conclusions Among Coca's solution, lysis buffer of 2-DE, and Trizol reagent, the concentration of extracted protein of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus by lysis buffer of 2-DE is the highest. However, most protein components of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus purified mite bodies can be extracted by Trizol reagent, which may generally reflect the whole profile of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens.

Serum metrix metalloproteinase-9 combined with homocysteine, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, HbA11c and lipid profile in the incipient diabetic nephropathy with or without macrovascular diseases

Objective: To evaluate the changes of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) in patients of incipient diabetic nephropathy with or without macrovascular disease and to analyze the factors associated with homocysteine(hcy), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), HbA1c and lipid profile in those patients in order to know whether this marker or other factors are more important to induce diabetic macrovascular disease. Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) subjects with incipient diabetic nephropathy with or without macrovascular disease were selected for participation and divided into 2 groups. The patients in group 1(n= 38) used insulin, and patients in group 2 (n = 34) were treated with an oral antidiabetic drug. Then serum mmp-9, hcy, IL-6 and TNF-αin these patients were measured, and compared to the healthy subjects as control (n= 16). The results were analyzed by SPSS13. Results: Serum mmp-9 and hcy of the patients having incipient diabetic nephropathy with macrovascular disease were higher than that of patients without macrovascular disease (P<0. 01). For insulin-injected patients, whether they accompanied with macrovascular diseases or not, the serum levels of mmp-9, hcy, IL-6 and TNF-αwere all lower, but no significant statistics compared with non-insulin used patients or the healthy subjects. The serum level of mmp-9 was more correlated with the serum hcy in antidiabetic drug used patients. (P<0. 000) Conclusion: The serum level of mmp-9 plays an important role of pathogenesis in the macrovascular disease in the incipient diabetic patients, and the serum level of hcy also can reflect the severely degree of macrovascular disease in these patients, insulin can reduce these markers.

Activation and subcellular distribution of ERK1/2 following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rat hippocampus

Objective: To investigate the activation (phosphorylation) and subcellular localization of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). as well as the possible mechanism, following cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion in rat hippocampus. Methods: Transient brain ischemia was induced by the four-vessel occlusion method in Sprague-Dawley rats. Western blot analysis. Results: During cerebral ischemia without reperfusion ERK1/2 activation immediately increased with a peak at 5 min and then decreased in the cytosol fraction, which was paralleled by the increase of ERK1/2 activation in the nucleus fraction. During reperfusion, ERK1/2 was activated with peaks occurring at 10 min in the cytosol and at 30 min in the nucleus, respectively. Under those conditions, the protein expressions had no significant change. In order to clarify the possible mechanism of ERKl/2 activation, the rats were intraperitoneally administrated with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dextromethorphan(DM), L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (L-VGCC) antagonist nifedipine (ND) 20 min before ischemia, finding that DM and ND markedly prevented ERKl/2 activation of nucleus fraction induced by reperfusion. not by ischemia. Conclusion: These results suggested that the nuclear translocation mainly occurred during ischemia, while ischemia-reperfusion induced ERK1/2 activation both in the cytosol and the nucleus. Two type calcium channels contributed, at least partially, to the activation of ERK1/2.

Relation between the Induced Flow and the Position of Typhoon- Chanchu 2006

用 Euler 方程的一个特殊答案，在台风中心和导致的流动(背景风) 的位置之间的关系被发现。关系能被用来预言台风轨道。为没有 1 热带气旋的轨道的预言， CHANCHU，具体地被提供。

Whether chronic bronchitis is an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction in the elderly 1:1 case paired study

BACKGROUND： The inflammatory reaction already becomes an important risk factor of causing acute cerebral infarction; however, the correlation between chronic bronchitis and senile cerebral infarction is still unclear. OBJECTIVE： To study whether the chronic bronchitis is the risk factor for senile cerebral infarction. DESIGN： 1 ： 1 pair, case contrast, and risk factor study. SETTINGS： Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Hospital of Tangshan; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China Coal Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 147 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were regarded as case group were selected from Department of Neurology, the Third Hospital of Tangshan from January 2004 to December 2006. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of the Fourth National Cerebrovascular Diseases Meeting. There were 87 males and 60 females, and their ages ranged from 65 to 83 years. Based on 1 ： 1 pair study, another 147 subjects without cerebrovascular disease were regarded as control group. Except the diseases about infection, there were 73 males and 74 females, and their ages ranged from 62 to 81 years. All subjects provided the confirm consent and agreed with the coordinate experiment. METHODS： ①Questionnaire of risk factor of cerebral infarction was designed to measure the following items： chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, coronary heart disease, primary cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack and history of smoking. ②Cerebral infarction was regarded as the dependent variance, while chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypedipemia, primary cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack, coronary heart disease and smoking were regarded as the independent variance for multiple regression analysis, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Risk factors of senile cerebral infarction. RESULTS： All 147 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 147 subjects without cerebrovascular diseases were involved in the final analysis. ①Risk factor analysis of senile cerebral infarction： There were no significant differences in age, hyperlipemia and history of smoking between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. But, chronic bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack and history of coronary heart disease were higher in the case group than those in the control group （33.6% vs. 19.0%, 38.8% vs. 23.3%, 54.3% vs. 36.2%, 29.3% vs. 17.2%, 44.0% vs. 29.3%, P 〈 0.05- 0.01）. ②Multiple Logistic regression analysis of risk factor of senile cerebral infarction Hyperlipemia, smoking and coronary heart disease were not correlated with cerebral infarction （P 〉0.05）, but chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack were risk factors for senile cerebral infarction （OR =2.47, 2.28, 2.18, 2.01, P 〈 0.05 - 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The chronic bronchitis mac become an independent risk factor senile cerebral infarction.

过氧化物酶体激活物活化受体γ活化对人胃癌细胞周期的影响(英文)

Objective: To investigate the effect of activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) on cell cycle arrest of gastric carcinoma cell line MGC803. Methods: The inhibitory of pioglitazone (PGZ) on proliferation of MGC803 cells was analyzed by MTT assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expressions of PPARγ, cyclin D1 and cell cycle protein-dependent kinase CDK4 in MGC803 cells were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Treatment with 0.1-10 μmol/L PGZ for 96 h significantly inhibited cell proliferation. The proportion of MGC803 cells at G1 phase was significantly increased when treated with 10 μmol/L PGZ for 48, 72 and 96 h, and showed an apparent G1 phase arrest. The expression of PPARγ was at a low level in MGC803 cells and significantly up-regulated when treated with 10 μmol/L PGZ for 48 h (P < 0.01). The expression of CDK4 in MGC803 cells was remarkably down-regulated when treated with 10 μmol/L PGZ for 48 h and the expression of cyclin D1 was slightly down-regulated (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Activation of PPARγ significantly induced G1 phase arrest, which was associated with down-regulation of the expressions of CDK4 and cyclin D1.

Possible Association of ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism With Blood Pressure——Lowering Response to Hydrochlorothiazide

Objective To explore the association between polymorphism in the ACE I/D gene and blood pressure-lowering response to hydrochlorothiazide （HCTZ） in 829 patients. Methods HCTZ 12.5 mg was taken once a day for six weeks. The blood pressure reduction and ratio reaching target blood pressure were compared in different ACE genotype groups. Results The reduction in SBP of patients carrying DD was greater than that in other groups carrying II or ID （12.2 mmHg versus 5.4 mmHg, 12.2 mmHg versus 4.4 mmHg, respectively, P〈0.05）. The reduction in MAP of patients carrying DD was also greater than that in other groups carrying II or ID （6.9 mmHg versus 3.9 mmHg, 6.9 mmHg versus 3.6 mmHg, respectively, P〈0.05）. The ratio reaching target blood pressure in DD groups was significantly higher than that in II or ID groups （P〈0.05）. The pre-treatment SBP, DD genotype, aldosterone levels entered the multi-linear regression model significantly and might affect the reduction of SBP. The pre-treatment DBP, aldosterone levels, DD genotype entered the multi-linear regression model significantly and might affect the reduction of DBP. The pre-treatment MAP, DD genotype, aldosterone levels entered the multi-linear regression model significantly and might affect the reduction of MAP. Conclusion ACE genotyping is associated with blood pressure-lowering response to HCTZ. Specific genotypes might be associated with the response to specific antihypertensive treatment.

P2X7 Receptor Mediated Growth-Inhibitory Effect in KG1a Cell Line

This study was conducted to investigate ATP-induced growth inhibition in human leukemic cells KGla.METHODS ATP inhibited cell growth was analyzed by MTSassay.Externalization of phosphatidylserine could be detected byAnnexin-V-FITC apoptosis staining after activation of the P2X7 re-ceptor.P2X7 mediated pore formation was detected in KGla cellsby Yo-Pro-1 uptake assay.RESULTS ATP inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent man-ner.The cytotoxic effect could be blocked by P2X7 antagonists,oxidized ATP (oATP) and KN62.Externalization of phosphatidyl-serine could be detected in a time-dependent manner.P2X7 medi-ated pore formation could be detected in KGla cells.These effectscould not be observed in P2X7 null Ramos cells.CONCLUSIONThe results and our previously reports thatmRNA,protein expression and calcium response of the P2X7receptor in KGla cells,suggested that extracellular ATP effectivelyinduces growth inhibition through apoptosis in KGla cells byactivation of P2X7 receptor,and that may be mediated by extracel-lular Ca^(2+)in@ux and pore formation.

Continuous assessment of cerebral autoregulation by TCD during tilt table testing

[SUMMARY] TTTT is a non-invasive and new investigative examination,and a most important method of clinical diagnosis for many diseases,specially for orthostatic syncope,autonomic failure,intracranial hypertension,neurodegenerative diseases,CVAs and so on.At the same time,TCD technique for non-invasive monitoring of CBFV has also provided a new tool for investigating CA.In clinical circumstance,we may carry on assessment of dynamic CA by TTTT,and this kind of method has been proved to be appropriate to examine patients and monitor.we can choose different tilt positions by tilt-table according to the different demands for clinical diagnosis or researches,and record the different appearances of various index signs,we can take advantage of the technique of transfer function analysis of power spectrum between spontaneous changes in CBF and other factors(such as arterial pressure) to do research on the specific mechanism of impaired CA.

Role of adrenalectomy in recurrent Cushing＇s disease

Background Cushing＇s disease is a pituitary-dependent type of Cushing＇s syndrome. Treatment consists of pituitary surgery or radiotherapy, but the recurrence rate at 10 years is as high as 40%. Adrenalectomy is considered an effective treatment to refractory Cushing＇s disease. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and open adrenalectomy in Cushing＇s disease, focusing on reversing the sequelae of hypercortisolism and improving patients＇ quality of life. Methods Forty-three patients （29 women, 14 men） with recurrent Cushing＇s disease after transsphenoidal operation underwent laparoscopic （n=32） or open （n=11） adrenalectomy from 2000 to 2008. Surgical results were evaluated for all the 43 patients. Patients completed a follow-up survey, including the short-form 36-item （SF-36） health survey. Results All the 43 patients achieved clinical reversal of hypercortisolism after adrenalectomy. Time to symptom resolution varied from a few weeks to up to 3 years. Most physical changes had resolved by a mean of 8 months after surgery. These conditions were not significantly different between the laparoscopy and open groups. Median length of hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopy group （4 vs. 9 days; P 〈0.001）. Median follow-up was 48.5 months. Of the 34 （79%） patients available for follow-up, 22 （65%） had adrenocorticotropic hormone levels 〉200 ng/ml and 6 （27%） had clinical Nelson syndrome. Four patients died by 75 months after surgery. Using SF-36, 30 （88%） patients reported they felt their health status was good to excellent compared with 1 year before adrenalectomy; however, they showed significantly lower scores in all the 8 SF-36 parameters compared with the general population. No significant difference emerged in SF-36 scores between the laparoscopy and open groups. Conclusions Adrenalectomy showed high survival and clinical benefits in recurrent Cushing＇s disease patients. Despite patient-reported improvement in health after adrenalectomy, patients continue to experience poor health status compared with the general population.

Intracerebellar meningioma with peritumoral cyst in an adult： case report

Meningiomas without attachment to the dura are rare. .These meningiomas are more common in children than in adults, and are found more often in the supratentorial region than in the infratentorial region. Thus, adult meningiomas contained entirely within the brain parenchyma and located in the posterior fossa are extremely rare. Previously, only Teo et al3 have reported an intraparenchymal meningioma occurred in the brainstem. Here, we present a case of adult transitional meningioma located entirely in the right cerebellum. This diagnosis was confm-ned by detailed radiological, surgical, and pathological analyses.