Ultrastructure of neuronal-like cells differentiated from adult adipose-derived stromal cells

β-mercaptoethanol induces in vitro adult adipose-derived stromal cells （ADSCs） to differentiate into neurons. However, the ultrastructural features of the differentiated neuronal-like cells remain unknown. In the present study, inverted phase contrast microscopy was utilized to observe β-mercaptoethanol-induced differentiation of neuronal-like cells from human ADSCs, and immunocytochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction were employed to detect expression of a neural stem cells marker （nestin）, a neuronal marker （neuron-specific enolase）, and a glial marker （glial fibrillary acidic protein）. In addition, ultrastructure of neuronal-like cells was observed by transmission election microscopy. Results revealed highest expression rate of nestin and neuron-specific enolase at 3 and 5 hours following induced differentiation; cells in the 5-hour induction group exhibited a neuronal-specific structure, i.e., Nissl bodies. However, when induction solution was replaced by complete culture medium after 8-hour induction, the differentiated cells reverted to the fibroblast-like morphology from day 1. These results demonstrate that β-mercaptoethanol-induced ADSCs induced differentiation into neural stem cells, followed by morphology of neuronal-like cells. However, this differentiation state was not stable.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Benign and Malignant Tissues of Breast

Objective： To detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and microvessel density （MVD） count in breast benign affection, breast atypical hyperplasia and breast carcinoma in situ, and to clarify the relationship between VEGF expression, MVD and the clinicopathological features of these diseases. Methods： The expression of VEGF and MVD count in 115 cases breast benign diseases （including 40 breast fibroid tumor, 40 breast cystic hyperplasia and 35 intraductal papilloma, 19 breast atypical hyperplasias and 32 breast carcinomas in situ were examined by immunohistochemistry staining （SP-method）. Results： The positive rate of VEGF in breast benign diseases, breast atypical hyperplasia and breast carcinoma in situ were 21.74%（25/115）, 31.58.% （6/19）and 53.13%（17/32） respectively. It was the lowest in breast benign affection group, and was the highest breast carcinoma in situ group. The expression of VEGF increased gradually in the three groups （P〈0.05）. The MVD count of the three groups were 14.41 ± 2.59, 18.89± 4.47 and 21.13 ± 4.12 respectively, It was the lowest in breast benign affection group, and was the highest breast carcinoma in situ group. The MVD count of the three groups increased gradually （P〈0.05）. In VEGF positive group, MVD count was 19.41 ±4.78; In VEGF negative group, MVD count was 14.91±3.15. The MVD count was higher in VEGF positive group than that in VEGF negative group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The results of this study suggested that VEGF could promote microvessel growth in breast tumors. The occurrence and progression of breast cancer might be related with the expression of VEGF.

Effect of bortezomib on migration and invasion in cervical carcinoma HeLa cell

Objective:To explore the effect of bortezomib on migration and invasion of cervical carcinoma HeLa cell and specific molecular mechanism.Methods:The effect of bortezomib on the viability of HeLa cell was measured by MTT assay.The effect of bortezomib on cell migration and invasion was measured by Transwell assay and invasion experiment respectively.The activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and expression level of MMP2,MMP9 were assayed by western blot.Results:MTT assay indicated bortezomib(2.5 μM.5 μM,10 μM)could inhibit HeLa cell viability,and the inhibitory rate was highest at 48 h.Transwell assay and invasion experiment results showed that bortezomib inhibited HeLa cell migration and invasion.Western blotting assays presented bortezomib could suppress the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR.and down-regulate the expression of MMP2 and MMP9.Conclusions:These results suggested bortezomib could inhibit migration and invasion in cervical carcinoma HeLa cell,which might be related to Akt/mTOR signal pathway.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast

Objective： To detect the expression of VEGF and MVD count in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast to clarify the association of VEGF expression and MVD count with the clinicopathologic features. Methods： The expressions of VEGF, ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and MVD count in 88 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were examined by immunohistochemistry staining （SP-method）. Results： Sixty-two out of the eighty-eight specimens of breast carcinoma （70.45%） showed positive expression of VEGF. The positive rate of VEGF in cases with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in stage IIb-Ⅲ was higher than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱa （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in C-erbB-2 positive group was higher than that in C-erbB-2 negative group （P〈0.05）. Higher expression of VEGF was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.05）. Also, significant higher MVD count was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.01）. The MVD count increased significantly with the increase of the expression of VEGF （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The result of this study suggested that in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast, angiogenesis and metastasis were mediated mainly by VEGF. The expression of VEGF and MVD might be reference predictors for the biological behavior of breast carcinoma. The antiangiogenic therapy which used VEGF as a target would become a new method to treat patients who were C-erbB-2 positive in the future.

Correlation of VEGF expression,angiogenesis and carcinomatous change in breast tumors

Objective: The aim of the study was to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) in breast benign tissues and malignant tumors to clarify the relationship between VEGF expression, angiogenesis and breast carcinoma occurrence. Methods: The expression of VEGF and MVD in 79 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, 79 corresponding para-cancer normal tissues from primary invasive breast carcinomas, 35 breast carcinoma in situ, 23 breast atypical hyperplasia and 56 breast fibroid tumor were examined by immunohistochemistry staining (SP-method). Results: The positive rate of VEGF and MVD value increased significantly with the increase of the malignant degree of breast tissues (P = 0.000). In breast carcinoma group, the positive rate of VEGF and MVD value with lymph node metastasis were higher than those without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011 and P = 0.023). A significant higher expression of VEGF and MVD value were observed as the clinical stage increased (P = 0.035 and P = 0.012). The MVD value was higher in VEGF positive group than negative group (P = 0.000). Conclusion: The combining detection of VEGF expression and MVD is helpful for evaluating malignant degree of breast carcinoma. Angiogenesis in breast tumors and occurrence of breast carcinoma might be correlated with the expression of VEGF.

Biological characteristics of brain natriuretic peptide and its association with central nervous system diseases

OBJECTIVE： To explain the mechanisms of tuhe synthesis, secretion and regulation of brain natriuretic peptide （BNP）, and analyze its role in central nervous system diseases. DATA SOURCES： An online search of Pubmed was undertaken to identify articles related to BNP published in English from January 1990 to February 2007 by using the key words of ＂brain natriuretic pepfide （BNP）, central nervous system, subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH）, brain edema, epilepsy＂. Other articles were searched in China Hospital Knowledge Database （CHKD） by concrete name of journals and title of articles. STUDY SELECTION： The collected articles were primarily screened, those about BNP and its association with central nervous system diseases were selected, whereas the obviously irrelative ones excluded, and the full-texts of the other literatures were searched manually. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 96 articles were collected, 40 of them were enrolled, and the other 56 were excluded due to repetitive studies or reviews. DATA SYNTHESIS： At present, there are penetrating studies on BNP in the preclinical medicine and clinical medicine of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, and the investigative outcomes have been gradually applied in clinical practice, and satisfactory results have been obtained. However, the application of BNP in diagnosing and treating central nervous system diseases is still at the experimental phase without - outstanding outcomes, thus the preclinical and clinical studies should be enhanced. CONCLUSION： As a kind of central medium or modulator, BNP plays a certain role in the occurrence, development and termination of central nervous system diseases, the BNP level in serum has certain changing law in SAH, brain edema, epilepsy, etc., but the specific mechanisms are unclear.

The main etiologies for patients presented to ER with chest pain or chest pain equivalent in Beijing,China

Objectives To identify the mian etilogoies for patients presented to the ER with chest pain or chest pain equivalent and further analyze the common presenting symptom of coronary heart disease patients in the ER.Methods We conducted a prospective,cross-sectinal survey of all patinets presented to the ER with chest pain and chest pain equivalent syndrome in 17 medical centre in Beijing,China from Ju ly to August 2009.Data was collected by structured interviews and medical record reviews.The mean follow up period was 30 days.Results A total of 5666 patients entered the study [age(58.09±18.39)years,2663 males and 3303 females]. Their final diagnoses are;Chest pain(4.65%) Coronary heart disease 1506(27.4%),Acute Heart failure 149(2.6%), Pericarditis 4(0.1%),Pulmonary embolism 11(0.2%),Aortic dissection8(0.1%),Acute cerebrovascular disease 431 (7.6%),Non-cardic chest pain 2538(44.9%).We further analyzed the cornary heart disease patients.Eight-eight percent patients with cornary heart disease have symptoms at their presentation.The other 12%? patients without symptom.71% with chest prseur sensation.38.8%with shorness of breath, 23.3%with dyspnea,irritable,1.6%syncope,1.0%Loss of Consciousness 33.2%Palpitation,22.0%dizziness,14.7% nausea and vomiting,19.1%sluggish.Conclusions A quarter of patients(27.4%) presented to the ER with chest pain or chest pain equivalent have defined etiology of coronary heart deisease.Howerer,nearly half(48.8%) of the coronary heart disease patients present with no chest pain and 18.7% CHD patients presents with chest pain equivalent syndrome. This study suggest chest pain is not a prerequisite for the diagnosis of CHD.Therefore,special vigilance and thorough coronary artery evaluation is needed for all patients with chest discomfort or respiratory distress in the ER,even for patients without chest pain complaints.

Characters' Analysis on Two Kinds by Amy Tan

Amy Tan is one of the most popular Chinese American writers in the world.Her story is vivid and full of Chinese taste.She has described mother-daughter relationship in Two Kinds and the story is a typical character story.It is an example for description on characters.

Research on Component Law of Chinese Patent Medicine for Anti-influenza and Development of New Recipes for Anti-influenza by Unsupervised Data Mining Methods

Objective:To analyze the component law of Chinese patent medicines for anti-influenza and develop new prescriptions for anti-influenza by unsupervised data mining methods. Methods: Chinese patent medicine recipes for anti-influenza were collected and recorded in the database, and then the correlation coefficient between herbs, core combinations of herbs and new prescriptions were analyzed by using modified mutual information, complex system entropy cluster and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, respectively. Results: Based on analysis of 126 Chinese patent medicine recipes, the frequency of each herb occurrence in these recipes, 54 frequently-used herb pairs, 34 core combinations were determined, and 4 new recipes for influenza were developed. Conclusion: Unsupervised data mining methods are able to mine the component law quickly and develop new prescriptions.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Vibration Massage for Treatment of Brachial Plexus Injury in Rats

Objective: To investigate the curative effect of the self-made mechanical vibration massage instrument for treatment of brachial plexus injury in rats and to explore its mechanism. Methods: Brachial plexus injury models were made in 144 Wistar rats and one week after natural healing of the wound, they were randomly divided into 3 groups, mechanical vibration treatment group (MV group), nerve growth factor treatment group (NGF group) and model group, 48 rats in each group. Then again, the each group was randomly divided into 4 subgroups, 7-day group, 14-day group, 21-day group and 28-day group, 12 rats in each subgroup. The MV group were treated by mechanical vibration at acupoints on three-yang and three-yin channels of the hand with the mechanical vibration massage instrument; The NGF group were treated with injection of NGF into musculus pectoralis major on the affected side; And the model group were normally fed with no treatment. After treatment for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, the diameter of both forelimbs were measured, the electrophysiological examination on the brachial plexus in vitro and the ultrastructure observation with electron microscope on the affected side were carried out, the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and motor nerve action potential (MNAP) of the brachial plexus on the affected side, NGF content of submaxillary gland as well as muscular Na+, K+-ATPase activity were determined respectively. Results: The different rates of the forelimb diameter in the MV group and the NGV group on the 14th d, 21st d and 28th d were better than those in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.001), and in the MV group were better than those in the NGF group on the 21st d and the 28th d (P<0.05). MNCV in the MV group and the NGV group on the 21st d and 28th d was better than that in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.001), and in the MV group was better than that in the NGF group on the 28th d (P<0.05). MNAP in the MV group and the NGV group on the 14th d, 21st d and 28th d was better than that in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.001), and in the MV group was better than that in the NGF group on the 21st d and 28th d (P<0.05). The NGF mean gray index of submaxillary gland in the model group was higher than that in the MV group and the NGF group on the 7th d (P<0.05); in the NGF group and the model group was higher than that in the MV group on the 14th d (P<0.05); and in the NGF group and the MV group was higher than that in the model group on the 21st d and 28th d (P<0.05). Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the model group and the MV group was higher than that in the NGF group (P<0.05) on the 14th d, and in the MV group was higher than that in the model group on the 28th d (P<0.05). Conclusion: As compared with the NGF group and the model group, mechanical vibration treatment can effectively accelerate repair of injured brachial plexus, slow down atrophy of skeletal muscle, and promote secretion of NGF in submaxillary gland.