The S-metolachlor is used to control/suppress yellow nutsedge, annual grasses, and several broadleaf weeds in sweetpotato. However, when used under adverse environmental conditions, it may lead to crop injury. Informa...The S-metolachlor is used to control/suppress yellow nutsedge, annual grasses, and several broadleaf weeds in sweetpotato. However, when used under adverse environmental conditions, it may lead to crop injury. Information is limited on the effect of S-metolachlor application followed immediately by rainfall on sweetpotato growth and development under different temperature regimes. The objective of this study was to determine sweetpotato response to S-metolachlor under low, optimum, and high temperatures with no rainfall and rainfall immediately after application. Sweetpotato slips were transplanted to sandy loam soil-filled pots. Half of the pots were subjected to 38 mm rainfall at 50.8 mm·h-1 intensity within the first 24 h after POST-transplant S-metolachlor application at 0, 0.86, 1.72, 2.58 and 3.44 kg·ha-1. The pots were moved into sunlit, computer-controlled plant growth chambers that were maintained at their respective temperatures for 61 days. Plant growth, development and plant-component dry weights and quantity of storage roots were recorded at harvest. Storage root yield was highest at the optimum temperature and declined at low and high temperature conditions. Shoot, root, and total plant biomass yield declined with increasing concentration of S-metolachlor across temperature conditions. In addition, storage root yield decline was S-metolachlor rate-dependent and aggravated by a rainfall event immediately after herbicide treatment across temperatures tested. These results can be used to weigh the risk of potential crop injury against the benefits of S-metolachlor when making management decisions as well as considering weather forecast information to avoid herbicide application coinciding with adverse weather conditions such as excessive rainfall event.展开更多
S-metolachlor is used to control/suppress yellow nutsedge, annual grasses and several broadleaf weeds in sweetpotato. However, a decline in storage root quality is suspected when excessive rainfall occurs within 24-h ...S-metolachlor is used to control/suppress yellow nutsedge, annual grasses and several broadleaf weeds in sweetpotato. However, a decline in storage root quality is suspected when excessive rainfall occurs within 24-h after application. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of S-metolachlor application timing on sweetpotato growth and development. S-metolachlor treatments (0 and 1 kg·ha-1) were applied over-the-top at 0, 5 and ten days after transplanting (DAT) and a simulated rainfall treatment delivered 25 mm of rain, 51 mm·h-1 intensity, immediately after herbicide application. Plants were harvested at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 80 DAT. During the first four harvests, roots were scanned and analyzed with WinRHIZO-Pro image analysis system to estimate root number, length, volume, and surface area along with aboveground growth parameters. At the final harvest, plant growth and biomass components, and quality of storage roots were recorded. Plants treated with S-metolachlor on day 0 and 5 DAT were significantly less than those of 10 DAT and untreated control for all measured parameters for the initial 20 days of plant growth. Even though vine length, leaf number, stem biomass, and total storage roots were not different among the treatments at 80 DAT, all other plant components and total biomass production and leaf area development for plants treated at 0 and 5 DAT were significantly (P < 0.05) less than from those of 10 DAT and the untreated control. Marketable storage root conversion efficiency declined by 18% and 16% for plants treated at 0 and 5 DAT, respectively, relative to the untreated check. These results indicate that delaying S-metolachlor application to 10 DAT will be less damaging to sweetpotato growth and development, particularly marketable storage roots and yield.展开更多
Anthropogenic emissions have greatly influenced UV-B radiation incidence and CO_(2)concentration globally.The interactive effects of projected incidence on crops by the end of the century need to be studied to underst...Anthropogenic emissions have greatly influenced UV-B radiation incidence and CO_(2)concentration globally.The interactive effects of projected incidence on crops by the end of the century need to be studied to understand the implications.The use of sunlit plant growth chambers in combination with UV-B radiation and CO_(2)treatments was used to identify the individual and interactive effects on basil'Genovese'plants.Treatments included 0 and 10 kJ m−2 d−1 UV-B supplementation at ambient(437 ppm)or elevated(725 ppm)CO_(2)concentrations.Effects of UV-B by CO_(2)interactions existed for net photosynthesis,light-adapted maximal quantum efficiency,all plant pigment concentrations,and malondialdehyde.UV-B increased leaf temperature by approximately 1°C while elevated CO_(2)concentrations amplified superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in basil leaves.Despite deleterious impacts on plant health,UV-B radiation is essential for stimulating healthful compounds in basil.Understanding the effects when combined with elevated CO_(2)is necessary to improve crop production and future research.展开更多
文摘The S-metolachlor is used to control/suppress yellow nutsedge, annual grasses, and several broadleaf weeds in sweetpotato. However, when used under adverse environmental conditions, it may lead to crop injury. Information is limited on the effect of S-metolachlor application followed immediately by rainfall on sweetpotato growth and development under different temperature regimes. The objective of this study was to determine sweetpotato response to S-metolachlor under low, optimum, and high temperatures with no rainfall and rainfall immediately after application. Sweetpotato slips were transplanted to sandy loam soil-filled pots. Half of the pots were subjected to 38 mm rainfall at 50.8 mm·h-1 intensity within the first 24 h after POST-transplant S-metolachlor application at 0, 0.86, 1.72, 2.58 and 3.44 kg·ha-1. The pots were moved into sunlit, computer-controlled plant growth chambers that were maintained at their respective temperatures for 61 days. Plant growth, development and plant-component dry weights and quantity of storage roots were recorded at harvest. Storage root yield was highest at the optimum temperature and declined at low and high temperature conditions. Shoot, root, and total plant biomass yield declined with increasing concentration of S-metolachlor across temperature conditions. In addition, storage root yield decline was S-metolachlor rate-dependent and aggravated by a rainfall event immediately after herbicide treatment across temperatures tested. These results can be used to weigh the risk of potential crop injury against the benefits of S-metolachlor when making management decisions as well as considering weather forecast information to avoid herbicide application coinciding with adverse weather conditions such as excessive rainfall event.
文摘S-metolachlor is used to control/suppress yellow nutsedge, annual grasses and several broadleaf weeds in sweetpotato. However, a decline in storage root quality is suspected when excessive rainfall occurs within 24-h after application. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effect of S-metolachlor application timing on sweetpotato growth and development. S-metolachlor treatments (0 and 1 kg·ha-1) were applied over-the-top at 0, 5 and ten days after transplanting (DAT) and a simulated rainfall treatment delivered 25 mm of rain, 51 mm·h-1 intensity, immediately after herbicide application. Plants were harvested at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 80 DAT. During the first four harvests, roots were scanned and analyzed with WinRHIZO-Pro image analysis system to estimate root number, length, volume, and surface area along with aboveground growth parameters. At the final harvest, plant growth and biomass components, and quality of storage roots were recorded. Plants treated with S-metolachlor on day 0 and 5 DAT were significantly less than those of 10 DAT and untreated control for all measured parameters for the initial 20 days of plant growth. Even though vine length, leaf number, stem biomass, and total storage roots were not different among the treatments at 80 DAT, all other plant components and total biomass production and leaf area development for plants treated at 0 and 5 DAT were significantly (P < 0.05) less than from those of 10 DAT and the untreated control. Marketable storage root conversion efficiency declined by 18% and 16% for plants treated at 0 and 5 DAT, respectively, relative to the untreated check. These results indicate that delaying S-metolachlor application to 10 DAT will be less damaging to sweetpotato growth and development, particularly marketable storage roots and yield.
文摘Anthropogenic emissions have greatly influenced UV-B radiation incidence and CO_(2)concentration globally.The interactive effects of projected incidence on crops by the end of the century need to be studied to understand the implications.The use of sunlit plant growth chambers in combination with UV-B radiation and CO_(2)treatments was used to identify the individual and interactive effects on basil'Genovese'plants.Treatments included 0 and 10 kJ m−2 d−1 UV-B supplementation at ambient(437 ppm)or elevated(725 ppm)CO_(2)concentrations.Effects of UV-B by CO_(2)interactions existed for net photosynthesis,light-adapted maximal quantum efficiency,all plant pigment concentrations,and malondialdehyde.UV-B increased leaf temperature by approximately 1°C while elevated CO_(2)concentrations amplified superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in basil leaves.Despite deleterious impacts on plant health,UV-B radiation is essential for stimulating healthful compounds in basil.Understanding the effects when combined with elevated CO_(2)is necessary to improve crop production and future research.
