Optimum line reclosing time for the enhancement of interconnected power system stability

Automatic line reclosing schemes used in an extra-high-voltage power system is an economical and effective means to maintain transient stability. A novel method is proposed in the paper to adaptively optimize the automatic line reclosing time after a transient fault for enhancement of interconnected power system transient stability. Both the study on the transient energy over network and the structure-preserving multi-machines power system model illustrate that the excessive convergence of potential energy on the lines with a certain cutset deteriorate power system stability, and therefore, an optimum line reclosing strategy can be established by minimizing the change in transient potential energy distribution across a cutset lines in the vicinity of the faulty line as an optimization target, and the optimal reclosure time is set to the time of minimum line phase angle difference. Without any pre-determined knowledge, the method is adaptive to various power system operation modes and fault conditions, and easy to implement because only a limited number of data measured at one location on a tie-line linking sub-networks are required. Simulations have been performed with the OMIB(One Machine and Infinite Bus System) and a real inter-connected power system to verify the applicability of the method proposed.

Time between failures model and failure analysis of CNC system

To provide basis for the reliability improvement design of CNC system, the failure data of a type of CNC system in one year are collected under field conditions in workshops. The distribution model parameters of time between failures are estimated by least square method and hypothesis testing is done by d-test method. It is proved that the time between failures of the CNC system follows Weibull distribution and the system has entered into the wear-out failure period. The failure positions and failure causes are analyzed further to indicate the weak subsystems of the CNC system. It can be found that servo unit, electrical system, detecting unit and power supply are principal failure positions and the main failure cause is breakage of components. The corresponding improvement measures are put forward. The paper provides a reference to reliability design and analysis of CNC system for the manufacturer and has great guidance to using and maintaining CNC system for the user.

Evaluation of anti-fouling performance for ion-rod water treater with automatic dynamic simulator of fouling

The application of a novel Automatic Dynamic Simulator of Fouling (ADSF) to evaluate the effectiveness of ion-rod water treater is reported.The effects of some parameters of the water treater were studied with an ADSF made according to patented technology, and orthogonal experimental design was adopted with the use of artificial hard water.Experimental results validated that the ion-rod water treater could mitigate fouling,and the anti-fouling efficiency varies with the test conditions.The anti-fouling efficiency of treater increased with the increase of flow velocity in the range of 0.8—1.2 m·s -1 and output voltage in the range of 7500—15000 V.The efficiency weat up initially, and then went down with the increase in hardness.The rough surface of ion-rod was superior to the smooth one.The order of influence on treater performance with respect to these factors was as follows: water hardness, roughness of surface, flow velocity and output voltage.The research also provided a guide to improving the performance of ion-rod water treater.

Box-like spectral response of a series-coupled microring resonant filter in a parallel channel

Formulas of the transfer functions are presented for a series-coupled microring resonant filter and the filtering characteristics of this device are investigated around the central wavelength of 1.55 μm.The simulation results show that when the number of the microring is 4,the amplitude coupling ratio between the channel and the microring is 0.25,that between two microrings is 0.022,and the flat box-like spectral response can be formed.The 3-dB bandwidth is about 0.2 nm,the insertion loss is about 1.5 dB,and the minimum of non-resonant light is close to -150 dB.

Preliminary Research on Cd^(2+) Removal from Wastewater by Sphaerotilus Natans

Influencing factors, such as the biomass concentration, pH value, temperature and time of adsorption on the removal of Cd^2＋ were investigated when Sphaerotilus natans was used as a biosorbent. The results show that Sphaerotilus natans has a significant effect on the adsorption of Cd^2＋. The process of adsorption will reach the equilibrium in 20 min. Temperature has no significant effect on the adsorption. The removal rate of Cd^2＋. can approach to 90% under the conditions of pH 5.5, the biomass mass concentration O. 6 g/L and the initial mass concentration of cadmium ≤20 mg/L. The maximum specific uptake is 1.9 mmol/g dry biomass . The adsorption was fitted with the Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation when the concentration of Cd^2＋ is in a range of 0--100 mg/L. HCl and EDTA can desorb Cd^2＋ from biomass effectively.

Raman Active Phonons in RCoO3 （R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Dy） Perovskites

We examine RCoO3 （R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sin, Eu, Gd, and Dy） perovskites prepared with the solid-state reaction method by Raman spectroscopy, and report the Raman active phonons in the RCoO3 perovskites crystallized in cubic symmetry for RCoO3 （R=La, Ce, Pr and Nd） and orthorhombic symmetry for RCoO3 （R=Sm, Eu, Gd, and Dy）. It is found that the Raman spectra of RCoO3 perovskites are strongly dependent on the ionic radius of the rare earth elements, and the frequency shift of the most intense modes of the orthorhombic samples are correlated with some structural parameters such as Co-O bond distances, ionic radius of the rare earth elements and Jahn-Teller distortion. It is clear that Raman spectroscopy has the advantage of sensitivity to structure distortion and oxygen motion.

Computation of the Orders of Classical Groups Over Finite Commutative Rings

In the present note, we compute the orders of several classes of classical groups over finite commutative rings. Simultaneously, using the order of GL_n, we obtain some Anzahl theorems of vector space over local rings. For any finite commutative ring R (with identity 1), R can be written as a direct product of a finite number of local rings R_i, i.e. , where R_i is a local ring, and the classical group G(R) can be written as . So to determine the cardinality |G(R)|, we must determine |G(R_i)| the cardinality of classical group G over a local ring.