Thermodynamic Modeling of Uranium (VI) Reductive Immobilization in Groundwater of NPCC Sludge Storages (Novosibirsk, Russia)

The Biochemical Reduction Of Both Nitrate And Sulfate In U-Containing Aquifers Of The Novosibirsk Plant Of Chemical Concentrates (NPCC) Was Investigated Experimentally And Thermodynamically. It Was Observed That Decrease In Eh Up To -397 Mv Has A Distinct Effect On The Denitrification And Uranium Precipitation As UO2(S). Nitrate Was Denitrified With A Temporary Accumulation Of The Intermediate Nitrite On The Day 4th. According To The X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis And Thermodynamic Calculations, More Than Half Of The Uranium Is Deposited In The First Stage As UO2+X oxides, And The Rest, Together With The Sulfides In The Reducing Environment. Findings Suggest That Accurately Thermodynamic Predicting Of Groundwater NO3-;?And SO42- Fate Is Primarily Limited By Failing To Account For A Kinetic Of Redox Fluctuations In The Experiment: 1) Measured Eh +190 Mv Is Low Despite The High Amount Of Nitrates (1124 Mg/L), But NH4+ Predominates In Solution According To Calculations, 2) Sulfate Reduction Lagged Behind Nitrate Reduction By Approximately 50 Days Unlike Model Simulation.

考虑可平移负荷和智能软开关的主动配电网故障恢复方法

在配电网发生故障后,主动配电网能够实现用户侧参与功率的实时供需平衡,满足故障后的负荷恢复。用户参与配电网的调度也是提升故障后负荷恢复比例的途径之一,可平移负荷具有较强的可控性,有效提升了主动配电网的灵活性,智能软开关等新兴可控设备的接入,也使负荷的快速供电成为可能。本文建立了考虑可平移负荷和智能软开关的主动配电网故障恢复模型,并考虑了负荷的重要性系数。通过改进的IEEE 33节点算例进行仿真分析,构建单一故障、多点故障、短时故障的场景,验证了本文所提出方法的有效性以及可控装置对故障后负荷恢复量的提升。

Highly Defective Dark TiO_(2) Modified with Pt: Effects of Precursor Nature and Preparation Method on Photocatalytic Properties

The study focused on the modification with platinum of dark defective titania obtained via pulsed laser ablation. Both the method of Pt introduction and the nature of the Pt precursor were varied. All samples exhibited similar phase compositions, specific surface areas, and Pt contents. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with pulsed CO adsorption revealed increased dispersity when photoreduction and the hydroxonitrate complex (Me _(4) N) _(2) [Pt _(2) (OH) _(2) (NO _(3) ) _(8) ] were used. The sample featured a high content of single-atom species and subnano-sized Pt clusters. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the photoreduction method facilitated the appearance of a larger number of Pt ^(2+) states, which appeared owing to the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) eff ect of the transfer of electron density from the electron-saturated defects on the TiO _(2) surface to Pt ^(4+) . In the hydrogen evolution reaction, samples with a significant fraction of the Pt ^(2+) ionic component, capable of generating short-lived Pt^(0) single-atom sites under irradiation due to the SMSI eff ect, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The 0.5Pt(C)/TiO_(2) -Ph sample exhibited the highest hydrogen yield with a quantum efficiency of 0.53, retaining its activity even after 8 h of operation.

伯醇对镍基催化剂在转移氢化反应中的抑制作用研究

本文研究了在转移加氢条件下,不同类型醇作为氢供体对镍基催化剂在苯并呋喃加氢反应中的活性影响.结果表明,使用异丙醇作为氢供体时,苯并呋喃的加氢过程为底物先发生脱芳构化,然后再进行脱氧反应.然而,当使用伯醇如甲醇、乙醇和正丙醇作为氢供体时,会导致镍基催化剂的不可逆失活.针对这一现象,进一步研究了伯醇使镍基金属催化剂失活的机理.结果表明,在250°C条件下,催化剂与伯醇的相互作用会导致形成非活性的碳化物Ni_(3)C,并且镍金属颗粒在氧化铝载体表面会发生烧结和偏析.

Cu/TiO_(2) Photocatalysts for CO_(2) Reduction: Structure and Evolution of the Cocatalyst Active Form

Extensive work on a Cu-modified TiO_(2) photocatalyst for CO_(2) reduction under visible light irradiation was conducted. The structure of the copper cocatalyst was established using UV-vis diff use refl ectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmis- sion electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that copper exists in different states (Cu 0 , Cu^(+) , and Cu^(2+) ), the content of which depends on the TiO_(2) calcination temperature and copper loading. The optimum composition of the cocatalyst has a photocatalyst based on TiO_(2) calcined at 700℃ and modified with 5 wt% copper, the activity of which is 22 μmol/(h·g cat ) (409 nm). Analysis of the photocatalysts after the photocatalytic reaction disclosed that the copper metal on the surface of the calcined TiO_(2) was gradually converted into Cu_(2) O during the photocatalytic reaction. Meanwhile, the metallic copper on the surface of the noncalcined TiO_(2) did not undergo any trans- formation during the reaction.

浅谈纳米颗粒在NK细胞免疫治疗中的应用

NK细胞作为免疫系统的重要组成部分,在抵御感染和肿瘤方面发挥着关键作用。然而,基于NK细胞的免疫治疗存在一些局限性,如在实体瘤中的效果有限、NK细胞寿命短和免疫排斥等。纳米颗粒作为新兴技术,可通过提高NK细胞功能、实时分析性能和提高免疫治疗效率来克服这些限制。本文介绍了NK细胞的生物学特性,以及纳米颗粒在增强NK细胞活性、归巢、递送RNAi和遗传修饰中的应用。研究表明,纳米颗粒在NK细胞免疫治疗中具有巨大潜力,有望改善治疗效果并克服现有治疗的局限性。

射频等离子体改性PTFE表面液滴撞击接触起电对润湿性的影响

液滴撞击固体表面是自然界的常见现象,研究超疏水表面的液滴撞击对其润湿性的影响,对于超疏水性材料的潜在应用具有重要的科学意义。采用3、10、20 min氧等离子体处理(OPT)和1 min八氟环丁烷等离子体聚合沉积(PPD)的等离子体方法改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)表面,获得具有不同尺寸和间距的微/纳米锥的超疏水PTFE表面,研究射频等离子体改性PTFE表面的液滴静态接触角、滚动角及液滴撞击动力学行为,分析在不同个数液滴撞击后PTFE表面的润湿性和液滴撞击行为变化,确定PTFE表面液滴撞击起电效应的影响机制。结果表明:通过1~9个液滴撞击后,PTFE表面的静态接触角随撞击液滴数量增加而减小,导致静态接触角低于150°;液滴滚动角随撞击液滴数量增加而增大,造成液滴滚动角高于10°。撞击液滴的接触时间随撞击液滴数量增加而增大,回弹系数随撞击液滴数量增加而减小。随撞击液滴数量增加,回弹液滴的正电荷和PTFE表面的负电压增大,PTFE表面的负电荷对液滴产生强吸引作用,导致低粘附超疏水性被破坏。3 min OPT和1 min PPD改性PTFE表面的纳米锥间距小,密度大,表面负电荷量增加明显,造成PTFE表面的疏水性降低的程度最显著。研究结果可为改善超疏水稳定性的表面织构设计提供理论依据。

Antitumor efficacy of multi-target in situ vaccinations with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides,anti-OX40,anti-PD1 antibodies,and aptamers

To overcome immune tolerance to cancer,the immune system needs to be exposed to a multi-target action intervention.Here,we investigated the activating effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides(ODNs),mesyl phosphoramidate CpG ODNs,anti-OX40 antibodies,and OX40 RNA aptamers on major populations of immunocompetent cells ex vivo.Comparative analysis of the antitumor effects of in situ vaccination with CpG ODNs and anti-OX40 antibodies,as well as several other combinations,such as mesyl phosphoramidate CpG ODNs and OX40 RNA aptamers,was conducted.Antibodies against programmed death 1(PD1)checkpoint inhibitors or their corresponding PD1 DNA aptamers were also added to vaccination regimens for analytical purposes.Four scenarios were considered:a weakly immunogenic Krebs-2 carcinoma grafted in CBA mice;a moderately immunogenic Lewis carcinoma grafted in C57Black/6 mice;and an immunogenic A20 B cell lymphoma or an Ehrlich carcinoma grafted in BALB/c mice.Adding anti-PD1 antibodies(CpG+αOX40+αPD1)to in situ vaccinations boosts the antitumor effect.When to be used instead of antibodies,aptamers also possess antitumor activity,although this effect was less pronounced.The strongest effect across all the tumors was observed in highly immunogenic A20 B cell lymphoma and Ehrlich carcinoma.

Algorithms for automatic measurement of SIS-type hysteretic underdamped Josephson junction’s parameters by current-voltage characteristics

Some electrical parameters of the SIS-type hysteretic underdamped Josephson junction(JJ)can be measured by its current-voltage characteristics(IVCs).Currents and voltages at JJ are commensurate with the intrinsic noise level of measuring instruments.This leads to the need for multiple measurements with subsequent statistical processing.In this paper,the digital algorithms are proposed for the automatic measurement of the JJ parameters by IVC.These algorithms make it possible to implement multiple measurements and check these JJ parameters in an automatic mode with the required accuracy.The complete sufficient statistics are used to minimize the root-mean-square error of parameter measurement.A sequence of current pulses with slow rising and falling edges is used to drive JJ,and synchronous current and voltage readings at JJ are used to realize measurement algorithms.The algorithm performance is estimated through computer simulations.The significant advantage of the proposed algorithms is the independence from current source noise and intrinsic noise of current and voltage meters,as well as the simple implementation in automatic digital measuring systems.The proposed algorithms can be used to control JJ parameters during mass production of superconducting integrated circuits,which will improve the production efficiency and product quality.

Experimental and ab initio study of Ba_(2)Na_(3)(B_(3)O_(6))_(2)F stability in the pressure range of 0–10 GPa

Both numerical and experimental studies of the stability and electronic properties of barium–sodium metaborate Ba_(2)Na_(3)(B_(3)O_(6))_(2)F(P63/m) at pressures up to 10 GPa have been carried out. Electronic-structure calculations with HSE06 hybrid functional showed that Ba_(2)Na_(3)(B_(3)O_(6))_(2)F has an indirect band gap of 6.289 eV. A numerical study revealed the decomposition of Ba_(2)Na_(3)(B_(3)O_(6))_(2)F into the BaB_(2)O_(4),Na BO_(2), and NaF phases above 3.4 GPa at 300 K. Subsequent high-pressure high-temperature experiments performed using ‘Discoverer-1500’DIA-type apparatus at pressures of 3 and 6 GPa and temperature of 1173 K confirmed the stability of Ba_(2)Na_(3)(B_(3)O_(6))_(2)F at 3 GPa and its decomposition into BaB_(2)O_(4), NaBO_(2), and NaF at 6 GPa, which was verified by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The observed Raman bands of the Ba_(2)Na_(3)(B_(3)O_(6))_(2)F phase were assigned by comparing the experimental and calculated spectra. The experimental Raman spectra of decomposition reaction products obtained at 6 GPa suggest the origin of a new high-pressure modification of barium metaborate BaB_(2)O_(4).

Growth rate of CO_(2) hydrate film on water-oil and water-gaseous CO_(2) interface

It is known that injection of carbon dioxide into the petroleum reservoir(CO_(2) flooding) is one of the effective methods for enhanced oil recovery. CO_(2) flooding may be complicated by formation of CO_(2) hydrate plugs. It makes topical investigation of CO_(2) hydrate formation in the system gaseous CO_(2)-oil-water. In this work, the growth rates of carbon dioxide hydrate films at the water-oil as well as the water-gas interface are studied in the pressure range of 2.30-3.04 MPa and at temperatures between -5.4 and 5.0℃. It is found that the growth rate for the water-oil interface is 3.5 times lower than that for the water-gas interface with carbon dioxide. It is hypothesised that the observed decrease in the growth rate is related to the mechanical resistance of the oil components adsorbed on the interface to the growth of the hydrate film. The growth rate of the film has been shown to depend on the experimental procedure,most likely due to the different initial concentrations of carbon dioxide in the aqueous solutions.

Mutation in Ontogene and Emergence of Secondary Chromosome Damages in Drosophila Germline Cells

The conditional mutations in drosophila were obtained by γ-irradiation and selected using the test for dominant lethality. The conditional mutations survive under permissive genetic conditions and, additionally, commence to display novel properties. One of such properties is a recessive lethality. Ten conditional mutations that displayed recessive lethality were mapped with the help of a standard set of deletions. Half mutations contained two and more lethal defects. The fact that a large number of the lethal defects are associated with one mutation suggests that γ-irradiation is the most unlikely cause of the defects. One of the conditional mutations carried four lethal regions and had a Small barrel (Smba) visual phenotype. The Smba phenotype in the Smba/ In(2LR) Cy strain is inherited according to a parental type and disappears in the Smba/In(2LR) Pm strain. Lethality in two of the four lethal regions also disappears in this strain. A separate experiment was conducted to clarify how these regions lost a lethal manifestation after the In(2LR) Cy chromosome in the Smba/In(2LR) Cy strain was replaced with the In(2LR) Pm chromosome. The process of disappearance of the Smba phenotype was also observed in three Smba/In(2LR) Cy substocks. These data suggest that the regions of multiple recessive lethality emerge in a secondary manner under the effect of the earlier formed radiation-induced mutation in ontogene. It is assumed that the recessive lethal regions are the ontogenes with an altered DNA conformation. The conformation in ontogenes is changed in the germline cells during a regular “editing” of the individual development program.

Ontogenes and Their Role in Cellular Construction

The genes referred to as ontogenes are responsible for conditional mutations. Based on the results of the research of conditional mutations in D. melanogaster, we attempt to figure out the biological role of ontogenes. We conclude that ontogenes in the process of individual development control the construction of the living organisms of cells (cellular construction), which comprises the induction of cell division, determination of division plane, and the location of daughter cells after the division is completed. The process of morphogenesis consists of cellular construction and protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is controlled by protein-coding (Mendelian) genes. Mendelian genes are switched on by ontogenes. In terms of the two-component genome composed of Mendelian genes and ontogenes, we consider 1) the concept of biological character;2) interspecific incompatibility;3) ontogenesis;4) phylogenesis;and 5) mutagenesis. Ontogenes, which control cellular construction, possess the specific features unusual for Mendelian genes, namely, 1) the activity in germ line tissue;2) remote interaction;and 3) activity in a compacted state (heterochromatization). These specific features of ontogenes suggest that unlike the Mendelian genes with their chemical activity, ontogenes possess another type of activity (biophysical) involving induction of an electromagnetic field.

人类蛋白质N-糖基化的十二年全基因组关联研究

Most human-secreted and membrane-bound proteins have covalently attached oligosaccharide chains or glycans.Glycosylation influences the physical and chemical properties of proteins,as well as their biological functions.Unsurprisingly,alterations in protein glycosylation have been implicated in a growing number of human diseases,and glycans are increasingly being considered as potential therapeutic targets,an essential part of therapeutics,and biomarkers.Although glycosylation pathways are biochemically well-studied,little is known about the networks of genes that guide the cell-and tissue-specific regulation of these biochemical reactions in humans in vivo.The lack of a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating glycome variation and linking the glycome to human health and disease is slowing progress in clinical applications of human glycobiology.Two of the tools that can provide much sought-after knowledge of human in vivo glycobiology are human genetics and genomics,which offer a powerful data-driven agnostic approach for dissecting the biology of complex traits.This review summarizes the current state of human populational glycogenomics.In Section 1,we provide a brief overview of the N-glycan’s structural organization,and in Section 2,we give a description of the major blood plasma glycoproteins.Next,in Section 3,we summarize,systemize,and generalize the results from current N-glycosylation genome-wide association studies(GWASs)that provide novel knowledge of the genetic regulation of the populational variation of glycosylation.Until now,such studies have been limited to an analysis of the human blood plasma N-glycome and the N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G and transferrin.While these three glycomes make up a rather limited set compared with the enormous multitude of glycomes of different tissues and glycoproteins,the study of these three does allow for powerful analysis and generalization.Finally,in Section 4,we turn to genes in the established loci,paying particular attention to genes with strong support in Section 5.At the end of the review,in Sections 6 and 7,we describe special cases of interest in light of new discoveries,focusing on possible mechanisms of action and biological targets of genetic variation that have been implicated in human protein N-glycosylation.

Activation of anthracite combustion by copper acetate:mechanism,effect of particle size and introduction method

This paper addressed the efect of copper acetate on the combustion characteristics of anthracite depending on the fractional composition of fuel and additive introduction method.Anthracite was impregnated with 5 wt%of Cu(CH_(3)COO)_(2)by mechanical mixing and incipient wetness impregnation.Four anthracite samples of diferent fraction with d<0.1 mm,d=0.1-0.5 mm,d=0.5-1.0 mm,and d=1.0-2.0 mm were compared.According to EDX mapping,incipient wetness impregnation provides a higher dispersion of the additive and its uniform distribution in the sample.The ignition and combustion characteristics of the modifed anthracite samples were studied by thermal analysis and high-speed video recording of the processes in a combustion chamber(at heating medium temperature of 800℃).It was found that copper acetate increases anthracite reactivity,which was evidenced by decreased onset temperature of combustion(ΔT_(i))by 35-190℃and reduced ignition delay time(Δτ_(i))by 2.1-5.4 s.Copper acetate reduces fuel underburning(on average by 70%)in the ash residue of anthracite and decreases the amount of CO and NO_(x)in gas-phase products(on average by 18.5%and 20.8%,respectively).The mechanism for activation of anthracite combustion by copper acetate is proposed.

Investigation into the operation of an autothermal two-section subbituminous coal fluidized bed gasifier

Using a newly developed experimental setup,the features and advantages of an autothermal single-casing atmospheric sub-bituminous coal fluidized bed air-blown gasifier,combining a combustion and gasification section,and mixing the dispersed phase(inert material,char)and heat exchange between them through an annular transfer device,have been revealed.To increase the efficiency of the gasifier,an experimental-computational method was developed find the conditions for optimal operation,combining changing the annular flow's geometry and regulating the primary air for gasification.A simple and reliable multizone thermodynamic calculation model makes it possible to predict the composition of char and syngas in the gasification section with acceptable accuracy.This method confirmed that a two-section fluidized bed gasifier can provide efficient gasification of solid fuels and is suitable for use in small-scale cogeneration plants.Syngas with a heating value of 3.6-4.5 MJ/m^(3)and CGE of 38.2%-42.3%was obtained in the experimental setup without optimizing the primary air flow rate.With optimization,the indicators increased to the heating value of syngas of 5.20-5.34 MJ/m^(3)and CGE of 42.5%-50.0%.With heat regeneration of 0.8,CGE increases to 70%.

Effect of Prostate Inflammation on Ejaculate Indicators in Men of Various Ages from Infertility Couples

The question of the impact of chronic prostatitis on male fertility remains debatable. In our study, we proved that inflammation of the prostate affects the characteristics of a man’s ejaculate. The inflammatory process negatively affects the reproductive characteristics of men of all ages, however, in the older age group, its clinical and laboratory manifestations are most pronounced.

On the Possible Cometary Nature of the Uchur Cosmic Body(Fall 3.08.1993)

An expeditionary study of the area of the alleged impact event that occurred on 3.08.1993 in the area of the Lower Konkuli River(southeast of the Aldan Highlands,Lurikan Range,Russia)was carried out.According to the materials of remote sensing,the places of collision with the earth of a cosmic body are determined.In the area of the impact of the shock wave on the Earth’s surface,peat samples were selected,the micro probe analysis of which showed the pres­ence of a cosmogenic substance in concentrations 6-8 times higher than the background.Silicate and magnetite micro spheres,native iron,moissanite,and carbon micro tubes coated with a film consisting of pure nickel were found.Of particular interest were the findings of specific Ni film micro structures that allow us to make an assumption about the cometary nature of the Uchur cosmic body.Most researchers associate the observed flights of fireballs with the sub­sequent fall of meteorites.Researchers are trying to find the massive body of the fallen space body.However,often,even after many years of searching,a massive cosmic body cannot be found.This happened when studying the site of the fall of the Tunguska cosmic body.In this case,it remains to be assumed that the cosmic body contained micro­scopic dust particles.The structure and composition of such particles can only be studied using microscopic research methods.When studying the Uchur cosmic body,the authors concluded that it could be of a cometary nature due to the findings of specific particles-thin films of pure nickel on the surface of plant remains of terrestrial origin.This hy­pothesis arose from the recent discovery of atomic nickel vapors in comets.

铁(III)-丙酮酸盐配合物光解引发水中铬(Ⅵ)还原

初步研究了含有Fe(III)及丙酮酸盐的溶液在高压汞灯照射下对铬(VI)的光还原反应.考察了溶液pH值、Fe(III)浓度、丙酮酸钠浓度、Cr(VI)浓度对反应的影响.分析了光还原反应的动力学及反应机制.结果表明:铁丙酮酸盐体系能光还原Cr(VI);最佳pH为3.0;Cr(VI)光还原的初始速率随着加入的铁(III)、丙酮酸盐、Cr(VI)初始浓度的增加而增加;实验条件下的表观动力学方程为:-dCCr(VI)/dt=0.021[Cr(VI)]0.39[Fe(III)]1.05[CH3COCOONa]0.39;Fe(III)-丙酮酸盐配合物光解产生的Fe(II)是Cr(VI)的主要还原剂.